英語考級-2020年09月四級真題第1套

機(jī)密*啟用前大學(xué)英語四級考試COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandFour—(2020年9月第1套)試題冊敬告考生一、在答題前，請認(rèn)真完成以下內(nèi)容:1.請檢查試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條、答題卡的印刷質(zhì)量，如有問題及時向監(jiān)考員反映，確認(rèn)無誤后完成以下兩點(diǎn)要求。2.請將試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1的條形碼粘貼框內(nèi)，并將姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試題冊背面相應(yīng)位置。3.請在答題卡1和答題卡2指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫準(zhǔn)考證號、姓名和學(xué)校名稱，并用HB-2B鉛筆將對應(yīng)準(zhǔn)考證號的信息點(diǎn)涂黑。二、在考試過程中，請注意以下內(nèi)容:1.所有題目必須在答題卡上規(guī)定位置作答，在試題冊上或答題卡上非規(guī)定位置的作答一律無效。2.請在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)在答題卡指定位置依次完成作文、聽力、閱讀、翻譯各部分考試，作答作文期間不得翻閱該試題冊。聽力錄音播放完畢后，請立即停止作答，監(jiān)考員將立即收回答題卡1，得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作答。3.作文題內(nèi)容印在試題冊背面，作文題及其他主觀題必須用黑色簽字筆在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。4.選擇題均為單選題，錯選、不選或多選將不得分，作答時必須使用HB-2B鉛筆在答題卡上相應(yīng)位置填涂，修改時須用橡皮擦凈。三、以下情況按違規(guī)處理:1.未正確填寫(涂)個人信息，錯貼、不貼、毀損條形碼粘貼條。2.未按規(guī)定翻閱試題冊、提前閱讀試題、提前或在收答題卡期間作答。3.未用所規(guī)定的筆作答、折疊成毀損答題卡導(dǎo)致無法評卷。4.考試期間在非聽力考試時間佩戴耳機(jī)。全國大學(xué)英語四、六級考試委員會

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheonlinelibrary.Youcanstartyouressaywiththesentence“Theonlinelibraryisbecomingincreasinglypopular.”Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)ShiptrafficintheAtlantic. B)Warmcurrentsintheocean.C)ExhaustfromcarsinEurope. D)Particlesemittedbypowerplants.2.A)Theyneedtobetakenseriously.B)Theyhaveahugeeffectonfishery. C)Theymightbecausingtroubletoairflights.D)Theymaybeaffectingtheworld’sclimate.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Toappealforhigherwages. B)Todemandbetterhealthcare.C)Tocallforapermanentsecurityguard.D)Todismissthebad-temperedsupervisor.4.A)Ithadalreadytakenstrongaction. B)Itwouldputcustomers'needsfirst.C)Itwouldtaketheirappealseriously.D)Itwasseekinghelpfromthepolice.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Theroadwasflooded. B)Theroadwasblocked.C)Theroadwasfrozenwithsnow. D)Theroadwascoveredwithspilledgas.6.A)Atruckplungedintoapoolofliquidchocolate.B)Theheavysnowmadedrivingverydifficult.C)Thetruckdriverdozedoffwhiledriving.D)Atruckhitabarrierandoverturned.7.A)Itwasalongtimebeforethecleanupwasfinished.B)Itwasahardtasktoremovethespilledsubstance.C)Itwasfortunatethatnopassengergotinjured.D)Itwasdifficulttocontactthemanufacturer.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Shewantedtosaveforanewphone. B)Shefounditmuchsafertousecash. C)Shecouldenjoydiscountwithcash.D)Shehadbeencheatedusingphoneapps.9.A)Theycansavealotmoretimeandtrouble.B)Theyfinditlessdifficulttomakepurchases.C)Theyderivegreaterpleasurefrombuyingthings.D)Theyarelessawareofthevalueoftheirmoney.10.A)Morevaluableitems. B)Morenon-essentialthings. C)Everydaynecessities.D)Electronicdevices.11.A)Itcanimproveshoppingefficiency.B)Itisalteringthewayofshopping.C)Itmayleadtoexcessivespending.D)Itappealsmoretoyoungerpeople.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Hewantedtoordersomewoodenfurniture.B)Hehadtochangethefurnituredeliverytime.C)Hehadaproblemwiththefurnituredelivered.D)Hewantedthefurniturestoretogivehimarefund.13.A)Sendthefurniturebacktothestore.B)Describethefurniturehereceived.C)Collectthefurnitureheordered.D)Buyanotherbrandoffurniture.14.A)Correcttheirmistake.B)Improvetheirservice.C)Apologizetohiswife.D)Givethemoneyback.15. A)Sherecommendedanewstyle.B)Sheofferedsomegifttotheman.C)Sheapologizedtothemanoncemore.D)Shecheckedalltheitemswiththeman.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassagesandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Readingbooksofwisdom.B)Tidyingupone’shome.Sharingwithothers.D)Donatingtocharity.17. A)Thingsthatmakeonehappy.B)Thingsthatarebecomingrare.C)Thingsthatoccupylittlespace.D)Thingsthatcostalotofmoney.18.A)Itjoinedthecity’sclean-upcampaign.B)Itsoldasmanyasfiftyboxesofbooks.C)Itreceivedanincrediblylargenumberofdonatedbooks.D)Itdidlittlebusinessbecauseoftheunusualcoldweather.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Givefreemealstothehomeless.B)Provideshelterforthehomeless.C)Helpthevulnerabletocooklunches.D)Callforchangeinthelocalgovernment.20.A)Strengthenco-operation.B)Promoteunderstanding.C)Winnationalsupport.D)Followinghisexample.21. A)Spreadingnewsofhisdeeds.B)Writinghimthank-younotes.C)Followingtheexamplehesets.D)Sendinghimhand-madebags.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Tosolvewordsearchpuzzles.B)Tosendsmartphonemessages.C)Totesttheireyesightusingaphoneapp.D)Toinstallsomeaudioequipmentinalab.23.A)Theycouldnotgoonuntiltheringingstopped.B)Theycouldnolongerconcentrateontheirtask.C)Theygrabbedthephoneandcalledbackrightaway.D)Theyaskedtheirexperimentertohangupthephone.24.A)Ariseinemotionalproblems.B)Adeclineinsportsactivities. C)Areductionintheamountofsleep.D)Adeclineinacademicperformance.25.A)Protecttheeyesightoftheyoungergeneration.B)Takeeffectivemeasurestoraiseproductivity.C)Realizethedisruptiveeffectsoftechnology.D)Ensuretheyhavesufficientsleepeveryday.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.There’rethreemaintypesoffinancialstresspeopleencounter.Thefirsttypeisapparentinpeoplebeingstressedaboutthe26upsanddownsofinvestmentmarkets—actuallynotsomuchtheups,but27thedowns.Thesepeopleareusuallyunableorunpreparedtoendurethelonghaul.Thenextcommontypeoffinancialstressisthatcausedbydebt.Ina28percentageofcasesofdebt-inducedfinancialstress,creditcardsandloanswillbeacentralelement.Oftenthere’llbeacarloanandperhapsamortgage,butcreditcardsoftenseemtobethegatewaytodebt-relatedfinancialdifficultiesformany.Thethirdtypeofstressand29theleastknownisinheritedfinancialstress,whichisthemostdestructive.Itisexperiencedbythosewhohavegrownupinhouseholdswheretheirparentsregularly30andfoughtaboutmoney.Moneythereforebecomesastressfultopic,andsothethoughtofsittingdownandplanningisanunattractive31.Thosesufferinginheritedfinancialanxiety32tofollowoneoftwopatterns.Eithertheyputtheirheadinthesand:theywould33examiningtheirfinancialstatements,budgetinganddiscussingfinancialmatterswiththoseclosesttothem.Alternatively,theywouldgototheother34,andmicro-analyzeeverything,tothepointofcomplete35.Theyareconvincedthatwhateverdecisiontheymakewillbethewrongone.A)appearanceI)normalB)arguedJ)possiblyC)avoidK)propositionD)considerableL)repelledE)definitelyM)statementF)extremeN)tendG)inactionO)traditionalH)incrediblySectionBDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Doctor’sOrders:LetChildrenJustPlay[A]Imagineadrugthatcouldenhanceachild’screativityandcriticalthinking.Imaginethatthisdrugweresimpletomake,safetotake,andcouldbehadforfree.Thenation’sleadingpediatricians（兒科醫(yī)生）saythismiraclecompoundexists.Inanewclinicalreport,theyareurgingdoctorstoprescribeitliberallytothechildrenintheircare.[B]“Thismayseemold-fashioned,butthereareskillstobelearnedwhenkidsaren’ttoldwhattodo,”saidDr.MichaelYogman,aHarvardMedicalSchoolpediatricianwholedthedraftingofthecalltoarms.Whetherit’sroughphysicalplay,outdoorplayorsocialorpretendplay,kidsderiveimportantlessonsfromthechancetomakethingsupastheygo,hesaid.[C]Theadvice,issuedMondaybytheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics,maycomeasashocktosomeparents.Afterspendingyearsfretting（煩惱）overwhichtoystobuy,whichappstodownloadandwhichskill-buildingprogramstosendtheirkidstoafterschool,lettingthemsimplyplay—orbetteryet,playingwiththem—couldseemlikeastepbackward.Thepediatriciansinsistthatit’snot.Theacademy’sguidancedoesnotincludespecificrecommendationsforthedosingofplay.Instead,itasksdoctorstoadviseparentsbeforetheirbabiesturntwothatplayisessentialtohealthydevelopment.[D]“Playisnotsillybehavior,”theacademy’sreportdeclares.Itfosterschildren’screativity,cooperationandproblem-solvingskills—allofwhicharecriticalfora21st-centuryworkforce.Whenparentsengageinplaywiththeirchildren,itbuildsawallagainsttheharmfuleffectsofallkindsofstress,includingpoverty,theacademysays.Inthepediatricians’view,essentiallyeverylifeskillthat’svaluedinadultscanbebuiltupwithplay.“Collaboration,negotiation,decision-making,creativity,leadership,andincreasedphysicalactivityarejustsomeoftheskillsandbenefitschildrengainthroughplay,”theywrote.Thepediatricians’appealcomesaskidsarebeingsqueezedbyincreasingacademicdemandsatschoolandtheconstantinvasionofdigitalmedia.[E]Thetrendshavebeenalongtimecoming.Between1981and1997,detailedtime-usestudiesshowedthatthetimechildrenspentatplaydeclinedby25percent.Sincetheadoptionofsweepingeducationreformsin2001,publicschoolshavesteadilyincreasedtheamountoftimedevotedtopreparingforstandardizedtests.Thefocusonacademic“skillsanddrills”hascutdeeplyintorecess（課間休息）andothertimeforfreeplay.[F]By2009,astudyofLosAngeleskindergartenclassroomsfoundthatfive-year-oldsweresoburdenedwithacademicrequirementsthattheyweredowntoanaverageofjust19minutesperdayof“choicetime,”whentheywerepermittedtoplayfreelywithblocks,toysorotherchildren.OneinfourLosAngelesteachersreportedtherewasnotimeatallfor“freeplay.”Increasedacademicpressureshaveleft30percentofU.S.kindergartenclasseswithoutanyrecess.SuchfindingspromptedtheAmericanAcademyofPediatricstoissueapolicystatementin2013onthe“crucialroleofrecessinschool.”[G]Pediatriciansaren’ttheonlyoneswhohavenoticed.Inareporttitled“CrisisintheKindergarten,”agroupofeducators,healthprofessionalsandchildadvocatescalledthelossofplayinearlychildhood“atragedy,bothforthechildrenthemselvesandforournationandworld.”Kidsinplay-basedkindergartens“endupequallygoodorbetteratreadingandotherintellectualskills,andtheyaremorelikelytobecomewell-adjustedhealthypeople,”theAllianceforChildhoodsaidin2009.Indeed,newresearchdemonstrateswhyplayingwithblocksmighthavebeentimebetterspent,Yogmansaid.Thetrialassessedtheeffectivenessofanearlymathematicsintervention（干預(yù)）aimedatpreschoolers.Theresultsshowedalmostnogainsinmathachievement.[H]Anotherplaytimethief:thegrowingproportionofkids’timespentinfrontofscreensanddigitaldevices,evenamongpreschoolers.Lastyear,CommonSenseMediareportedthatchildrenupthroughageeightspentanaverageoftwohoursand19minutesinfrontofscreenseachday,includinganaverageof42minutesadayforthoseundertwo.Thisincreaseofdigitalusecomeswithrisingrisksofobesity,sleepdeprivationandcognitive（認(rèn)知的）,languageandsocial-emotionaldelays,theAmericanAcademyofPediatricswarnedin2016.[I]“Irespectthatparentshavebusylivesandit’seasytohandachildaniPhone,”Yogmansaid.“Butthere’sacosttothat.Foryoungchildren,it’smuchtoopassive.Andkidsreallylearnbetterwhenthey’reactivelyengagedandhavetoreallydiscoverthings.”[J]Thedeclineofplayisaspecialhazardfortheroughly1in5childrenintheUnitedStateswholiveinpoverty.These14millionchildrenmosturgentlyneedtodeveloptheresilience（韌勁）thatiscultivatedwithplay.Instead,Yogmansaid,theyaredisproportionatelyaffectedbysomeofthetrendsthataremakingplayscarce:academicpressuresatschoolsthatneedtoimprovetestscores,outsideplayareasthatarelimitedorunsafe,andparentswholackthetimeorenergytoshareinplaytime.[K]Yogmanalsoworriesaboutthepressuresthatsqueezeplaytimeformoreaffluentkids.“Thenotionthatasparentsweneedtoscheduleeveryminuteoftheirtimeisnotdoingthemagreatservice,”hesaid.Evenwell-meaningparentsmaybe“robbingthemoftheopportunitytohavethatjoyofdiscoveryandcuriosity—theopportunitytofindthingsoutontheirown.”Playmaynotbeahardselltokids.ButUCLApediatricianCarlosLerneracknowledgedthatthepediatricians’newprescriptionmaymeetwithskepticism（懷疑）fromparents,whoareanxiousforadviceonhowtogivetheirkidsalegupintheworld.Theyshouldwelcomethesimplicityofthemessage,Lernersaid.“It’sliberatingtobeabletoofferthemthisadvice:thatyouspendingtimewithyourchildandlettinghimplayisoneofthemostvaluablethingsyoucando,”hesaid.“Itdoesn’thavetoinvolvespendingalotofmoneyortime,orjoiningaparentinggroup.It’ssomethingwecanofferthat’sachievable.Theyjustdon’trecognizeitrightnowasparticularlyvaluable.”36.Increaseduseofdigitaldevicesstealsawaychildren’splaytime.37.Sincethebeginningofthiscentury,anincreasingamountoftimehasbeenshiftedinpublicschoolsfromrecesstoacademicactivities.38.Ithasbeenacknowledgedthatwhilekidsmaywelcomepediatrician’srecommendation,theirparentsmaydoubtitsfeasibility.39.Accordingtosomeprofessionals,deprivationofyoungchildren’splaytimewilldoharmnotonlytochildrenthemselvesbuttothecountryandtheworld.40.Byplayingwithchildren,parentscanpreventthemfrombeingharmedbystress.41.Playingwithdigitaldevicediscourageskidsfromactivediscovery,accordingtopediatricianDr.MichaelYogman.42.Thesuggestionoflettingchildrensimplyplaymaysoundlikegoingbackwardstoparentswhowanttohelpbuildtheirchildren’sskills.43.Dr.MichaelYogmanbelievestheideathatparentsshouldcarefullyschedulechildren’stimemaynotbehelpfultotheirgrowth.44.OnequarterofteachersinanAmericancitysaidthatchildreninkindergartenshadnotimeforplayingfreely.45.Accordingtoapediatrician,nomatterwhatkindofplaychildrenengagein,theyarelearninghowtocreatethings.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Americansspendbillionsofdollarseachyeartryingtochangeourweightwithdiets,gymmembershipsandplasticsurgery.Tryingtoliveuptotheimagesof“perfect”modelsandmovieheroeshasadarkside:anxietyanddepression,aswellasunhealthystrategiesforweightlossormusclegain.Italsohasafinancialcost.HavinganeatingdisorderboostsannualhealthcarecostsbynearlyUS$2,000perperson.Whyistherebothexternalandinternalpressuretolook“perfect”?Onereasonisthatsocietyrewardspeoplewhoarethinandhealthylooking.Researchershaveshownthatbodymassindexisrelatedtowagesandincome.Especiallyforwomen,thereisaclearpenaltyatworkforbeingoverweightorobese.Somestudieshavealsofoundanimpactformen,thoughalessnoticeableone.Whiletheresearchliteratureisclearthatlabormarketsuccessispartlybasedonhowemployersandcustomersperceiveyourbodyimage,noonehadexploredtheothersideofquestion.Doesaperson'sownperceptionofbodyimagemattertoearningsandotherindicatorsofsuccessintheworkplace?OurrecentlypublishedstudyansweredthisquestionbytrackingalargenationalrandomsampleofAmericansoveracriticaltimeperiodwhenbodieschangefromteenageshapeintoadultformandwhenpeoplebuildtheiridentities.Asinotherresearch,womeninoursampletendtoover-perceivetheirweight—theythinkthey'reheavierthantheyare—whilementendtounder-perceivetheirs.Wefoundnorelationshipbetweentheaverageperson'sself-perceptionofweightandlabormarketoutcomes,althoughself-perceivedweightcaninfluenceself-esteem（自尊心）,mentalhealthandhealthbehaviors.Whilethecontinuedgenderpenaltyinthelabormarketisfrustrating,ourfindingthatmisperceivedweightdoesnotharmworkersismoreheartening.Sinceemployers’perceptionofweightiswhatmattersinthelabormarket,changingdiscriminationlawstoincludebodytypeasacategorywouldalsohelp.Michiganistheonlystatethatprohibitsdiscriminationonthebasisofweightandheight.Webelieveexpandingsuchprotectionswouldmakethelabormarketmorefairandefficient.46.Whatdoestheauthorsaymayhaveanadverseimpactonpeople?A)Undergoingplasticsurgeriesinpursuitofbeauty.B)Imitatingthelifestylesofheroesandrolemodels.C)Strivingtoachieveperfectionregardlessoffinancialcost.D)Attemptingtomeetsociety’sexpectationofappearance.47.Whathaveresearchersfoundoutaboutpeople’searnings?A)Theyarecloselyrelatedtopeople’ssocialstatus.B)Theyhavetodowithpeople’sbodyweightandshape.C)Theyseemtomattermuchlesstomenthantowomen.D)Theymaynotbeequaltopeople’scontributions.48.Whatdoestheauthor’srecentstudyfocuson?A)Previousliteratureonindicatorsofcompetitivenessintheworkplace.B)Traitsthatmattermostinone’spursuitofsuccessinthelabormarket.C)Whetherself-perceptionofbodyimageimpactsone’sworkplacesuccess.D)Howbosses’perceptionofbodyimageimpactsemployees’advancement.49.Whatisthefindingoftheauthor’srecentresearch?A)Beingoverweightactuallydoesnotdomuchharmtotheoverallwell-beingofemployees.B)Peoplearenotadverselyaffectedintheworkplacebyfalseself-perceptionofbodyweight.C)Self-esteemhelpstocombatgenderinequalityintheworkplace.D)Genderinequalitycontinuestofrustratealotoffemaleemployees.50.Whatdoestheauthorthinkwouldhelpimprovetheconditioninthelabormarket?A)Banningdiscriminationonthebasisofemployees’bodyimage.B)Expandingprotectionofwomenagainstgenderdiscrimination.C)Helpingemployeeschangetheirownperceptionofbeauty.D)Excludingbodyshapeasacategoryinthelaborcontract.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thework-lifebalanceisdead.Bythis,I'mnotadvocatingthatyoushouldgiveupyourpursuitofhavingafulfillingcareerandathrivingpersonallife,andI’mdefinitelynotsayingthatyouhavetogiveuponetohavetheother.Ialsoacknowledgethatwehaveawork-lifeproblem,butI'marguingthattheconceptofbalancehasneverbeenhelpful,becauseit'stoolimiting.Yousee,ourlanguagemakesadifference,andhowwerefertothingsmattersbecauseitaffectsourthinkingandthereforeouractions.Attheminimum,mostofusworkbecausewewanttobeabletosupportourselves,ourfamilies,andthepeoplearoundus.Intheidealworld,we'realldoingworkthatwe'reproudofandthatprovidesmeaningandpurposetous.Butevenifyourjobdoesn'tgiveyoushiversofjoyeachnewday,workingisapartofwhateachofusdoesandthecontributionwemaketosociety.Whenyouseparateworkandlife,it’salittlebitharderto