英語考級(jí)-2019年12月六級(jí)真題（第3套）

機(jī)密*啟用前大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandSix—(2019年12月第3套)試題冊(cè)敬告考生一、在答題前，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真完成以下內(nèi)容:1.請(qǐng)檢查試題冊(cè)背面條形碼粘貼條、答題卡的印刷質(zhì)量，如有問題及時(shí)向監(jiān)考員反映，確認(rèn)無誤后完成以下兩點(diǎn)要求。2.請(qǐng)將試題冊(cè)背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1的條形碼粘貼框內(nèi)，并將姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在試題冊(cè)背面相應(yīng)位置。3.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1和答題卡2指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名和學(xué)校名稱，并用HB-2B鉛筆將對(duì)應(yīng)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)的信息點(diǎn)涂黑。二、在考試過程中，請(qǐng)注意以下內(nèi)容:1.所有題目必須在答題卡上規(guī)定位置作答，在試題冊(cè)上或答題卡上非規(guī)定位置的作答一律無效。2.請(qǐng)?jiān)谝?guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)在答題卡指定位置依次完成作文、聽力、閱讀、翻譯各部分考試，作答作文期間不得翻閱該試題冊(cè)。聽力錄音播放完畢后，請(qǐng)立即停止作答，監(jiān)考員將立即收回答題卡1，得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作答。3.作文題內(nèi)容印在試題冊(cè)背面，作文題及其他主觀題必須用黑色簽字筆在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。4.選擇題均為單選題，錯(cuò)選、不選或多選將不得分，作答時(shí)必須使用HB-2B鉛筆在答題卡上相應(yīng)位置填涂，修改時(shí)須用橡皮擦凈。三、以下情況按違規(guī)處理:1.未正確填寫(涂)個(gè)人信息，錯(cuò)貼、不貼、毀損條形碼粘貼條。2.未按規(guī)定翻閱試題冊(cè)、提前閱讀試題、提前或在收答題卡期間作答。3.未用所規(guī)定的筆作答、折疊成毀損答題卡導(dǎo)致無法評(píng)卷。4.考試期間在非聽力考試時(shí)間佩戴耳機(jī)。全國大學(xué)英語四、六級(jí)考試委員會(huì)

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofhavingasenseofcommunityresponsibility.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)特別說明：由于2019年12月六級(jí)考試全國共考了2套聽力，第三套真題聽力試題與第1套或第2套內(nèi)容一致，因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thenumberofdevicesyoucantalktoismultiplying—firstitwasyourphone,thenyourcar,andnowyoucantellyourkitchenappliancewhattodo.Butevenwithoutgadgetsthatunderstandourspokencommands,researchsuggeststhat,asbizarreasitsounds,undercertain26,peopleregularlyascribehumantraitstoeverydayobjects.Sometimesweseethingsashumanbecauseweare27.Inoneexperiment,peoplewhoreportedfeelingisolatedweremorelikelythanotherstoattribute28tovariousgadgets.Inturn,feelingclosetoobjectscan29loneliness.Whencollegestudentswereremindedofatimetheyhadbeen30inasocialsettingtheycompensatedbyexaggeratingtheirnumberoffriends—unlesstheywerefirstgiventasksthatcausedthemtointeractwiththeirphoneasifithadhumanqualities.Thephone31stoodinforrealfriends.Atothertimes,wepersonifyproductsonanefforttounderstandthem.Onestudyfoundthatthreeinfourrespondentsyelledattheircomputer.Further,themoretheircomputergavethemproblems,themorelikelytherespondentsweretoreportthatithaditsown“beliefsand32”.Sohowdopeopleassigntraitstoanobject?Inpart,werelyonlooks.Onhumans,widefacesare33withdominance.Similarly,peopleratedcars,clocksandwatcheswithwidefacesasmoredominant-lookingthannarrowfacedones,andpreferredthem—especiallyin34situations.AnanalysisofcarsalesinGermanyfoundthatcarswithgrilles(護(hù)柵)thatwereupturnedlikesmilessoldbest.Thepurchaserssawthis35asincreasingacar'sfriendliness.

I)desiresJ)I)desiresJ)excludedK)featureL)lonelyM)separateN)spectacularlyO)warrantA)alleviateB)apparentlyC)arrogantD)associatedE)circumstancesF)competitiveG)concededH)consciousnessexclusivelyinnovated[A]Thoughhedidn'tcomefromafarmingfamily,fromayoungageTimJosephwasfascinatedbytheideaoflivingofftheland.ReadingmagazineslikeTheStockmanGrassFarmerandGraze,hegothookedontheideaofgrass-fedagriculture.Theideathatallenergyandwealthcomesfromthesunreallyintriguedhim.Hethoughttheshorterthedistancebetweenthesunandtheendproduct,thehighertheprofittothefarmer.[B]Josephwantedtoputthistheorytothetest.In2009,heandhiswifeLauralaunchedMapleHillCreamery,anorganic,allgrass-fedyogurtcompanyinnorthernNewYork.Hequicklylearnedwhatthemarkethasdemonstrated:Demandforgrass-fedproductscurrentlyexceedssupply.Grass-fedbeefisenjoyinga25-30%annualgrowthrate.Salesofgrass-fedyogurtandkefir,ontheotherhand,haveinthelastyearincreasedbyover38%.Thisisincomparisonwithadropofjustunder1%inthetotalyogurtandkefirmarket,accordingtonaturalandorganicmarketresearchcompanySPINS.Joseph'stopprioritybecamegettinghishandsonenoughgrass-fedmilktokeepcustomerssatisfied,sincehisown64-cowherdwasn'tgoingtosuffice.[C]HisfirstpartnershipwaswithPaulandPhyllisAmburgh,ownersoftheDharmaLeafarminNewYork.TheAmburghs,too,weretruebelieversingrass-fed.Inadditiontosupplyingmilkfromtheirown85-headherd,theybegantohelpotherfarmersintheareaconvertfromconventionaltocertifiedorganicandgrass-fedinordertoentertheMapleHillsupplychain.Since2010,thecouplehashelped125smalldairyfarmsconverttograss-fed,withmorethan80%ofthosefarmscorningonboardduringthelasttwoyears.[D]AllthisconversionhashelpedMapleHillgrow40-50%everyyearsinceitbegan,withnoendinsight.Josephhaslearnedthatafarmerhastohaveacertainmindsettosuccessfullyconvert.Butconvincingopen-mindeddairypeopleisactuallynotthathard,whenyoulookattheeconomics.Grass-fedmilkcanfetchup2.5timesthepriceofconventionalmilk.Anotherfactoristhesqueezethatconventionaldairyfarmershavefeltasthepriceofgraintheyfeedtheircowshasgoneup,tighteningtheirprofitmargins.Byreplacingexpensivegrainfeedwithregenerativemanagementpractices,grass-fedfarmersareinsulatedfromjumpsinthepriceoffeed.Thesepracticesincludegrazinganimalsongrassesgrownfromthepastureland'snaturalseedbank,andfertilizedbythecows'ownfertilizer.[E]Championsofthistypeofregenerativegrazingalsopointtoitsanimalwelfare,climateandhealthbenefits:Grass-fedanimalslivelongeroutofconfinement.Grazingherdsstimulatemicrobialactivityinthesoil,helpingtocapturewaterandseparatecarbon.Andgrass-feddairyandmeathavebeenshowntobehigherincertainnutrientsandhealthyfats.[F]Inthegrassfedsystem,farmersarealsonotsubjecttothewildlyfluctuatingmilkpricesoftheinternationalcommoditymarket.Theunpredictabilityofglobaldemandandthelag-timeittakestoaddmorecowstoaherdtomeetdemandcanresultineventsliketherecentcheesesurplus.Goinggrass-fedisasaferefuge,awayforfamily-scalefarmstostayviable.Usuallyafarmerwillgettothepointwherefinancially,whatthey'redoingisnotworking.That'swhentheycallMapleHill.Ifthefarmiswellmanagedandhasenoughland,andthedesiretoconvertissincere,arelationshipcanbegin.Throughregularregionaleducationalmeetings,alargeannualmeeting,individualfarmvisitsandthousandsofphonecalls,theAmburghspassontheprinciplesofpasturemanagement.MapleHillsignsacontractpledgingtobuythefarmer'smilkataguaranteedbaseprice,plusqualitypremiumsandincentivesforhigherprotein,butter-fatandothersolids.WhileMapleHill'sconversionprogramisunusuallyhands-onandcomprehensive,it'sjustoneofagrowingnumberofbusinessescommittedtoslowlychangingthewayAmericafarms.Josephcallssharinghisknowledgenetworkthroughpeer-to-peerlearningacorepieceofthecompany'sculture.Lastsummer,Massachusettsgrass-fedbeefadvocateJohnSmithlaunchedBigPictureBeef,anetworkofsmallgrass-fedbeeffarmsinNewEnglandandNewYorkthatisprojectedtobringtomarket2,500headofcattlefrom125producersthisyear.EarlyindicationsarethatSmithwillhavenoshortageoffarmmembers.Sincehebegantoinformallyannouncethenetworkatfarmingconferencesandonsocialmedia,he'sreceivedasteadystreamofinquiriesfrominterestedfarmers.Shinnsayshe'llprovideservicesrangingfromformalseminarstoon-farmworkshopsonholisticmanagement,toone-on-onehand-holdingandanalmost24/7phonehotlineforfarmerswhoareconverting.Inexchange,heguaranteesanabove-marketpriceforeachanimalandacalf-to-customerelectroniceartagIDsystemlikethatusedintheEuropeanUnion.Thoughadvocatesportraygrassfedproductsasawin-winsituationforall,theydohavedownsides.Price,forone,isanissue.Josephsayshisproductsarepriced10-20%aboveorganicversions,butdependingontheproductchosen,comparedtonon-organicconventionalyogurt,consumerscouldpayapremiumof30-50%ormoreforgrass-fed.Asforthemeat,Smithsayshisgrass-fedhamburgerwillbepriced20-25%overtheconventionalalternative.ButalookatthepricesononlinegrocerFreshDirectsuggestsagrass-fedpremiumofanywherefrom35-60%.[J]Andnoteveryfarmerhastheoptionofgoinggrass-fed.Forbothbeefanddairyproductionitrequires,atleastinthebeginning,morepastureland.Grass-fedbeefproductiontendstobemorelabor-intensiveaswell.ButSmithcountersthatifyoufactorinthehiddencostofgovernmentcornsubsidies,environmentdegradation,anddecreasedhumanheathandanimalwelfare,grass?fedisthemorecost-effectivemodel."Thesunprovidesthelowestcostofproductionandthecheapestmeat,"hesays.[K]Anothergrass-fedboosterspurringfarmerstoconvertisEPIC,whichmakesmeat-basedproteinbars.FoundersTaylorCollinsandhiswife,KatieForrest,usedtobeenduranceathletes;nowthey'readvocatesofgrass-fedmeat.SoonafterlaunchingEPIC'smostsuccessfulproduct-theBisonBaconCranberryBar-CollinsandForrestfoundthey'dexhaustedtheirsourcesforbisonraisedexclusivelyonpasture.Whentheystartedresearchingthesupplychain,theylearnedthatonly2-3%ofallbisonisactuallygrass-fed.Therestisfeed-lotconfinedandfedgrainandcorn.[L]ButafterGeneralMillsboughtEPICin2016,CollinsandForrestsuddenlyhadtheresourcestheyneededtoexpandtheirsupplychain.SothecompanyteamedupwithWisconsin-basedrancherNorthstarBison.EPICfrontedthemoneyforthepurchaseof$2.5millionworthofyoungbisonthatwillberaisedaccordingtoitsgrass-fedprotocols,withaguaranteedpurchaseprice.Themessagetoyoungpeoplewhomightnototherwisebeabletoaffordtobreakintothebusinessis,"'Youcanpurchasethis$3millionpieceoflandhere,becauseI'mguaranteeingyoutodayyou'llhave1,000bisononit.'We'rebringingnewbloodintotheold,conventionalfarmingecosystem,whichisreallycooltosee,"Collinsexplains.Farmersgoinggrass-fedarenotaffectedbytheever-changingmilkpricesoftheglobalmarket.Overtheyears,TimJoseph'spartnershavehelpedmanydairyfarmerstoswitchtograss-fed.Oneadvocatebelievesthatmanyotherbenefitsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenweassessthecost-effectivenessofgrass-fedfarming.Manydairyfarmerswerepersuadedtoswitchtograss-fedwhentheysawitsadvantageintermsofprofits.TimJoseph'sgrass-fedprogramisonlyoneexampleofhowAmericanfarmingpracticeischanging.41.TimJosephwasfascinatedbythenotionthatsunlightbringsenergyandwealthtomankind.42.Oneproblemwithgrass-fedproductsisthattheyareusuallymoreexpensivethanconventionalones.Grassfedproductshaveprovedtobehealthierandmorenutritious.WhenTimJosephstartedhisbusiness,hefoundgrass-fedproductsfellshortofdemand.45.Asnackbarproducerdiscoveredthatthesupplyofpurelygrass-fedbisonmeatwasscarce.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Schoolsarenotjustamicrocosmofsociety;theymediateittoo.Thebestseektoalleviatetheexternalpressuresontheirpupilswhileequippingthembettertounderstandandhandletheworldoutside-atonceshelteringthemandbroadeningtheirhorizons.Thisisambitiousinanycircumstances,andinadividedandunequalsocietythetwoidealscanclashoutright.Tripsthatmanyadultswouldconsidertheadventureofalifetime-treksinBorneo,asportstourtoBarbados-appeartohavebecomealmostroutineatsomestateschools.Parentsarebeingaskedforthousandsofpounds.Thoughschoolscannotprofitfromthesetrips,thecompaniesthatarrangethemdo.Meanwhile,pupilsarriveatschoolhungrybecausetheirfamiliescan'taffordbreakfast.TheChildPovertyActionGroupsaysnineoutof30ineveryclassroomfallbelowthepovertyline.Thediscrepancyisstartlinglyapparent.Introducingafundraisingrequirementforstudentsdoesnothelp,asbetter-offchildrencantapupricherauntsandneighbours.ProbingtherockpoolsofalocalbeachorpractisingFrenchonalanguageexchangecanfirechildren'spassions,boosttheirskillsandopentheireyestolife'spossibilities.EducationaloutingshelpbrightbutdisadvantagedstudentstogetbetterscoresinA-leveltests.Inthisglobalisedage,thereisagoodcaseforinternationaltravel,andsomeparentssaytheycanmanagethecostofaschooltripabroadmoreeasilythanafamilyholiday.Eveninthefaceofimmenseandmountingfinancialpressures,someschoolshaveshownremarkabledeterminationandingenuityinensuringthatalltheirpupilsareabletotakeupopportunitiesthatmaybetrulylife-changing.Theyshouldbeapplauded.Methodssuchaswhole-schoolfundraising,withtheproceedspooled,canhelptoextendopportunitiesandfuelcommunityspirit.But￡3,000tripscannotbejustifiedwhentheaverageincomeforfamilieswithchildrenisjustover￡30,000.Suchinitiativesclosedoorsformanypupils.Someparentspulltheirchildrenoutofschoolbecauseofexpensivefieldtrips.Evenparentswhocanseethatatripislittlemorethanapartyorcelebrationmaywellfeelguiltthattheirchildisleftbehind.TheDepartmentforEducation'sguidancesaysschoolscanchargeonlyforboardandlodgingifthetripispartofthesyllabus,andthatstudentsreceivinggovernmentaidareexemptfromthesecosts.However,manyschoolsseemtoignoretheadvice;anditdoesnotcoverthekindofglamorous,exotictrips,whicharebecomingincreasinglycommon.Schoolscannotbeexpectedtobringtogethercommunitiessingle-handed.Buttheleastweshouldexpectisthattheydonotfosterdivisionsandexcludethosewhoarealreadydisadvantaged.46.Whatdoestheauthorsaybestschoolsshoulddo?A)Preparestudentstobothchallengeandchangethedividedunequalsociety.B)Protectstudentsfromsocialpressuresandenablethemtofacetheworld.C)Motivatestudentstodeveloptheirphysicalaswellasintellectualabilities.D)Encouragestudentstobeambitiousandhelpthemtoachievetheirgoals.47.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutschoolfieldtrips?A)Theyenablestudentsfromdifferentbackgroundstomixwitheachother.B)Theywidenthegapbetweenprivilegedanddisadvantagedstudents.C)Theygivethedisadvantagedstudentsachancetoseetheworld.D)Theyonlybenefitstudentswithrichrelativesandneighbours.48.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestcanhelpbuildcommunityspirit?A)Eventsaimingtoimprovecommunityservices.B)Activitiesthathelptofuelstudents'ingenuity.C)Eventsthatrequiremutualunderstanding.D)Activitiesinvolvingallstudentsoncampus.49.Whatdowelearnaboutlow-incomeparentsregardingschoolfieldtrips?A)Theywanttheirchildrentoparticipateeventhoughtheydon'tseemuchbenefit.B)Theydon'twanttheirkidstoparticipatebutfindithardtokeepthemfromgoing.C)Theydon'twanttheirkidstomissanychancetobroadentheirhorizonsdespitethecost.D)Theywanttheirchildrentoexperienceadventuresbuttheydon'twantthemtorunrisks.50.Whatistheauthor'sexpectationofschools?A)Bringingacommunitytogetherwithingenuity.B)Resolvingtheexistingdiscrepanciesinsociety.C)Avoidingcreatingnewgapsamongstudents.D)Givingpoorstudentspreferentialtreatment.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Risingtemperaturesandoverfishinginthepristine(未受污染的)watersaroundtheAntarcticcouldseekingpenguinpopulationspushedtothebrinkofextinctionbytheendofthecentury,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudy'sreportstatesthatasglobalwarmingtransformstheenvironmentintheworld'slastgreatwilderness,70percentofkingpenguinscouldeitherdisappearorbeforcedtofindnewbreedinggrounds.Co-authorCelineLeBohec,fromtheUniversityofStrasbourginFrance,warned:"Ifthere'renoactionsaimedathaltingorcontrollingglobalwarming,andthepaceofthecurrenthuman-inducedchangessuchasclimatechangeandoverfishingstaysthesame,thespeciesmaysoondisappear."ThefindingscomeamidgrowingconcernoverthefutureoftheAntarctic.Earlierthismonthaseparatestudyfoundthatacombinationofclimatechangeandindustrialfishingisthreateningthekrill(磷蝦)populationinAntarcticwaters,withapotentiallydisastrousimpactonwhales,sealsandpenguins.Buttoday'sreportisthestarkestwarningyetofthepotentiallydevastatingimpactofclimatechangeandhumanexploitationontheAntarctic'sdelicateecosystems.LeBohecsaid:"Unlesscurrentgreenhousegasemissionsdrop,70percentofkingpenguins-1.1millionbreedingpairs-willbeforcedtorelocatetheirbreedinggrounds,orfaceextinctionby2100."Kingpenguinsarethesecond-largesttypeofpenguinandonlybreedonspecificisolatedislandsintheSouthernOceanwherethereisnoicecoverandeasyaccesstothesea.Astheoceanwarms,abodyofwatercalledtheAntarcticPolarFront-anupwardmovementofnutrient-richseathatsupportsahugeabundanceofmarinelife-isbeingpushedfurthersouth.Thismeansthatkingpenguins,whichfeedonfishandkrillinthisbodyofwater,havetotravelfurthertotheirfeedinggrounds,leavingtheirhungrychicksforlonger.Andasthedistancebetweentheirbreedinggroundsandtheirfoodgrows,entirecoloniescouldbewipedout.LeBohecsaid:"TheplightofthekingpenguinshouldserveasawarningaboutthefutureoftheentiremarineenvironmentintheAntarctic.Penguins,likeotherseabirdsandmarinemammals,occupyhigherlevelsinthefoodchainandtheyarewhatwecallbio-indicatorsoftheirecosystems."Penguinsaresensitiveindicatorsofchangesinmarineecosystems.Assuch,theyarekeyspeciesforunderstandingandpredictingimpactsofglobalchangeonAntarcticandsub-Antarcticmarineecosystems.Thereportfoundthatalthoughsomekingpenguinsmaybeabletorelocatetonewbreedinggroundsclosertotheirretreatingfoodsource,suitablenewhabitatswouldbescarce.OnlyahandfulofislandsintheSouthernOceanaresuitableforsustaininglargebreedingcolonies.51.Whatwillhappenby210