新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第四冊(cè)第四單元sectionA課件

FOREIGHLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERTISY4AchievingsustainableenvironmentalismUnit4SectionAFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY2021/5/91Earthprovidesenoughtosatisfyeveryman’sneed,butnoteveryman’sgreed.—MahatmaGandhiAnationthatdestroysitssoilsdestroysitself.Forestsarethelungsofourland,purifyingtheairandgivingfreshstrengthtoourpeople. —FranklinDelanoRoosevelt44UNITNature:Toworshiportoconquer2021/5/92SectionA

44UNITAchievingsustainableenvironmentalismObjectivesTotalkaboutenvironmentalissuesTofullyunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomastertheargumentativeessaywritingskillNature:Toworshiportoconquer2021/5/932021/5/942021/5/952021/5/962021/5/97ListenandTalkPre-readingActivitiesListentoapassageaboutWorldEnvironmentDayandthendecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1.WorldEnvironmentDayfallsonJune5everyyear.2.SanFranciscoisthesecondcityintheUnitedStatesthathasheldeventstocelebrateWorldEnvironmentDay.3.ThemainmessageofWorldEnvironmentDaythisyearis“PlanforOurCities”.4.Citiesusemorethan57percentoftheworld’snaturalresources.5.Theeventsheldthisyearincludenotonlyspeechesfromfamouspersons,butalsofunactivitiessuchasconcerts,parades,etc.TFFFT2021/5/98Listentothepassageagain.Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Whatisyourunderstandingofa“greencity”?2.Tobuildagreencity,besidesthemeasuresgiveninthepassagesuchasbuildingmorehealthyparksandreducingpollution,whatothermeasurescanyouthinkof?Pre-readingActivitiesListenandTalk2021/5/991.Whatisyourunderstandingofa“greencity”?AsIunderstand,a“greencity”isacityortownthatfocusesonenvironmentallyfriendlypractices.Itaimstoimprovethelivabilityofurbansurroundingsandbenefitthewell-beingofcitizenslivingthere.Pre-readingActivitiesListenandTalk2021/5/9102021/5/911

Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmental______ofthe21stcentury,but—regardlessofwhetheritisorisn’t—wewon’tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-sounding___________toavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobe_________.TobecontinuedcrisiscommitmentsListentoashortpassageconcerningglobalwarming.observed2021/5/912

AlGorecallsglobalwarmingan“_______________,”asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon’tknowenoughto_____globalwarming,and—withoutmajortechnological____________—wecan’tdomuchaboutit.From2003to2050,theworld’spopulationis_________togrowfrom6.4billonto9.1billion,a42%increase.TobecontinuedinconvenienttruthrelievebreakthroughsprojectedListentoashortpassageconcerningglobalwarming.2021/5/913Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegas_________(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.Butthat’stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomicgrowthunlesswe_________theworld’spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryoneelse’slivingstandards.emissionscondemnListentoashortpassageconcerningglobalwarming.Tobecontinued2021/5/9142021/5/9152021/5/9162021/5/9172021/5/9182021/5/9192021/5/9202021/5/921Introduction:Twoquestionsareraisedtoshowthatpeoplehaveconflictingideasaboutenvironmentalprotection.Theintroductionpavesthewayfortheauthor’scentralargument.PartI—(Para.1)2021/5/9222021/5/9232021/5/9242021/5/9252021/5/926Inthefirstsectionofthebody,theauthortriestoestablisharulethatpeoplecanfollowwhenmakingenvironmentalchoices.PartIISection1—(Paras.2-5)2021/5/9272021/5/9282021/5/9292021/5/930TheauthorcitesthedebateaboutwhethertodrillforoilinANWRtorebutthesentimentalenvironmentalismandjustifyhisownargument.(Paras.7-9)2021/5/9312021/5/932Inthesecondsection(Paras.6-10),theauthor,withthepurposeofstrengtheninghisowncriterion,arguesagainstadifferentrule,onewhichhecallsa__________________________,whichhesaysischaracterizedby_______________________.PartIISection2—(Paras.6-___)10excessiveearthworshipsentimentalenvironmentalism2021/5/9332021/5/9342021/5/935Partthreeistheconclusion.Theauthorrestateshiscentralargument:Humaninterestsshouldbegiven_____overthoseofnaturealthoughhumanbeingsshould______tonatureonlywhentheirownsurvivalisbeingendangeredbyenvironmentalchanges.PartIII—(Paras.11-___)13priorityadapt2021/5/936Thistextisanargumentativewritinginwhichtheauthortriestomakeacontrastbetweentwodifferentopinionsaboutenvironmentalprotection,throughwhichhetriestojustifyhisclaimthathumaninterestsshouldbeputabovethoseofnature,andthathumanbeingsshouldprotectnatureonlyonthegroundsthattheirowninterestsareguaranteed.MainIdeaoftheTextMainIdea&Structure2021/5/937Twoquestionsareraisedtoshowthatpeoplehaveconflictingideasaboutenvironmentalprotection.(Para.1)Introduction2021/5/938IntroductionMainbody:Section1andSection2Theauthortriestoestablisharuleforpeopletofollowwhentheymakeenvironmentalchoices.(Paras.2-5)Theauthorrebutsadifferentrule,calledasentimentalenvironmentalism,whichhesaysischaracterizedbyexcessiveearthworship.(Paras.6-10)2021/5/939Body:Section1Arule,calledasaneenvironmentalism,formakingenvironmentalchoicesispresented.(Para.5)Theauthordefinesenvironmentalluxuriesandenvironmentalnecessities.(Para.2)Theauthorgivesexamples“combatingozonedepletionandthegreenhouseeffect”toexplainwhatheseesasanenvironmentalnecessity.(Paras.3-4)2021/5/940Body:Section2TheauthorcitesthedebateaboutpreservingthespottedowlinOtectingthelivelihoodoftheloggingfamiliestojustifyhisownargument.(Para.10)Theauthorreviewsadifferentrule,onewhichhecallsasentimentalenvironmentalism.(Para.6)TheauthorcitesthedebateaboutwhethertodrillforoilinANWRtorebutthesentimentalenvironmentalismandjustifyhisownargument.(Paras.7-9)2021/5/941Theauthorrestateshiscentralargument:Humaninterestsshouldbegivenpriorityoverthoseofnature.(Paras.11-13)IntroductionMainbody:establishingaruleandrebuttingadifferentruleConclusion2021/5/942IntroductionMainbody:establishingaruleandrebuttingadifferentruleConclusion2021/5/943Sharpconcernforenvironmentalprotection,similartothebeliefin_________ortheoppositiontoplasticsurgery,isanecessary________topeopleintheupperclassworld.Butpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutit.Therefore,howcanwemaketherightchoiceamongsomanydifferentandconflictingproposalsputforwardinthenameofenvironmental_________?Tobecontinueddemocracyattitude

protection2021/5/944

Toanswerthequestion,itisnecessarytofollowaruleformakingenvironmentalchoices:theso-called____________________,whichadvocatesthatcombatingecologicalchangesthatdirectlydoharmtohumanhealthandsafetyisan_____________________.Thecriterionformakingenvironmentalchoicesindicatesthatnatureshould______humanbeings,andthathumanbeingsshouldprotectnatureonlywhentheirowninterestsarenotaffected.Tobecontinuedsaneenvironmentalismenvironmentalnecessityserve2021/5/9452021/5/946PracticalPhrasesMeanings1.differentiatebetween把…區(qū)分2.takeon呈現(xiàn)（某種特征）3.strikeachordwith引起共鳴4.run/goagainstthegrains與…格格不入5.beincompatiblewith與…不相容的6.comethrough安然度過7.choosesth.oversth.else優(yōu)先選擇(某物)而非2021/5/947把…區(qū)分(fantasy/seekmedicalhelp)Afterstayinginthenetbarforseveraldaysandnights,hewasnolongerabletodifferentiatebetweenfantasyandreality.Heshouldseekmedicalhelp.differentiatebetween短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用在網(wǎng)吧呆了幾天幾夜，他已經(jīng)不能區(qū)分虛幻和現(xiàn)實(shí)了。他應(yīng)該尋求醫(yī)療幫助。意群提示2021/5/948呈現(xiàn)（某種特征）(officialvisit/anewlook)Wefirmlybelievethataftertheleader’sofficialvisittoBritain,therelationsbetweenthetwocountriesmusttakeonanewlook.takeon短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用我們相信，通過領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對(duì)英國(guó)的正式訪問，兩國(guó)之間的關(guān)系一定會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出新面貌。意群提示2021/5/949引起共鳴(charmingpictures/touchingplots/youngaudience)Withitscharmingpicture,touchingplotsandbeautifulmusic,themoviesstruckachordwiththeyoungaudience.strikeachordwith短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用這部電影以它迷人的畫面、動(dòng)人的情節(jié)和優(yōu)美的音樂在年輕觀眾中引起了共鳴。意群提示2021/5/950與…格格不入Outofourexpectation,whathesaidanddidinthepublicthatdayranagainstthegrainsofhissocialstatusindeed.run/goagainstthegrains短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用令我們意外的是，那天在公共場(chǎng)合他的言行的確和他的身份格格不入。意群提示(outoftheexpectation/socialstatus)

2021/5/951與…不相容的anti-virussoftware/computersystem/updatesystem)Theanti-virussoftwareisincompatiblewithyourcomputersystem,soyouhavetogetyoursystemupdated.beincompatiblewith短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用這款殺毒軟件與你的電腦系統(tǒng)不兼容，因此，你需要找人進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)升級(jí)。意群提示2021/5/952安然度過(medicalskill/weakbeat/dyingpatient)Duetothedoctor’sexcellentmedicalskill,thedyingpatientwithaweakbeat,wasluckyenoughtocomethroughtheoperation.短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用多虧了醫(yī)生精湛的醫(yī)術(shù)，這位生命垂危的病人心跳微弱，能夠熬過手術(shù)真是幸運(yùn)。意群提示comethrough2021/5/953優(yōu)先選擇(某物)而非（另一物）(makingfriends/honesty)Inmakingfriendswithotherpeopleinmodernsociety,wechoosehonestyoverotherqualities.短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，我們交友時(shí)更加看重誠(chéng)實(shí)的品德。意群提示choosesth.oversth.else2021/5/954FunctionalPatternsFunctions&Usages1.sth.isnowasrequiredanattitudein...asis,say,sth.elsein…or…用于表達(dá)比較，“說明某種態(tài)度的重要性”。2.sth.isonefoundedonone’sideathat“…”用于表達(dá)“某種思想或觀點(diǎn)的理?yè)?jù)”。3.sb.shoulddo/doessth.onlywhen…用于表達(dá)“某人做某事的必要條件”。2021/5/955在上流社會(huì)，對(duì)環(huán)境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反對(duì)整容一樣，是一種不可或缺的態(tài)度。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)句型提煉Environmentalsensitivityisnowasrequiredanattitudeinpolitesocietyasis,say,beliefindemocracyordisapprovalofplasticsurgery.2021/5/956sth.isnowasrequiredanattitudein...asis,say,sth.elsein…or…句型提煉應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)比較，

“說明某種態(tài)度的重要性”。句型應(yīng)用2021/5/957(culturalawareness/time-consciousness典型例句在跨文化交際中，文化意識(shí)就如同約會(huì)時(shí)守時(shí)、社交時(shí)禮貌一樣，是一種不可或缺的態(tài)度。。意群提示Culturalawarenessisnowasrequiredanattitudeincross-culturalcommunicationasis,say,time-consciousnessinkeepingappointmentorpolitenessinsocialexchanges.2021/5/958非感情用事的環(huán)保主義是建立在普羅泰哥拉的格言“人是萬物的尺度”的基礎(chǔ)上的。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)Anon-sentimentalenvironmentalismisonefoundedonProtagoras’sideathat“Manisthemeasureofallthings.”句型提煉2021/5/959sth.isonefoundedonone’sideathat“…”句型提煉應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“某種思想或觀點(diǎn)的理?yè)?jù)”。

句型應(yīng)用2021/5/960(anti-racism/self-evidenttruth)典型例句馬丁路德金的反對(duì)種族主義是建立在這個(gè)不言自明的真理“人生來就平等”的基礎(chǔ)上。意群提示MartinLutherKing’santi-racismisonefoundedontheself-evidenttruths“thatallmenarecreatedequal”.2021/5/961只有當(dāng)人類的命運(yùn)與自然的命運(yùn)密不可分時(shí),人類才應(yīng)該做出讓步。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)Humanityshouldaccommodateonlywhenitsfateandthatofnatureareinseparablyboundup.句型提煉2021/5/962sb.shoulddo/doessth.onlywhen…句型提煉應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“某人做某事的必要條件”。句型應(yīng)用2021/5/963(conquertheoutsideworld/innerside)典型例句只有當(dāng)一個(gè)人強(qiáng)大到不僅能夠戰(zhàn)勝外部世界而且能夠戰(zhàn)勝自己的內(nèi)心時(shí),他才成為真正的強(qiáng)者。意群提示Amanbecomesaheroonlywhenheisstrongenoughtoconquerboththeoutsideworldandhisinnerside.2021/5/964

奢侈品是指那些無需人類付出代價(jià)就能擁有的給人美好感受的東西。必需品則是指那些無論付出什么代價(jià)，都一定要去擁有的東西。

a.Luxuriesarethosethingsthatwouldbenicetohaveifcostless.Necessitiesarethosethingswemusthaveregardless.(Para.2,L2)2021/5/965我像別人一樣喜歡馴鹿。如果他們的交配模式受到干擾，我會(huì)感到非常遺憾。但是，魚和熊掌不能兼得。

b.Ilikethecaribouasmuchasthenextperson.AndIwouldberathersorryiftheirmatingpatternsweredisturbed.Butyoucan’thaveyourcakeandeatittoo.(Para.9,L1)2021/5/966但是，我們必須記住，保持生物多樣性并不意味著要留住每一種物種。有時(shí)候，為了更加根本的利益，我們不得不犧牲一部分生活中美的東西。

c.Butwemustrememberthatnoteveryspeciesisneededtokeepthatdiversity.Sometimesaestheticaspectsoflifehavetobesacrificedtomorefundamentalones.(Para.10,L3)2021/5/9672021/5/9682021/5/9692021/5/9702.Whatenvironmentalproblemsdoestheworldface?Whatarethecausesoftheseproblems??Waterpollution?Airpollution?Wildlifeprotection?Landerosiontobecontinued2021/5/9712021/5/9722021/5/973

Q:HowmuchdoyouknowaboutthebasicviewheldbyChinesegovernmenttowardsenvironmentalprotection??Accordingtothegovernmentpolicy,promotingecologicalprogressisalong-termtaskofvitalimportancetothepeople’swell-beingandChina’sfuture.?Wemustgivehighprioritytomakingecologicalprogressandincorporateitintoallaspectsandthewholeprocessofadvancingeconomic,political,cultural,andsocialprogress,workhardtobuildabeautifulcountry,andachievelastingandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.tobecontinued2021/5/9742021/5/9752021/5/9762021/5/9772021/5/9782021/5/979WriteanargumentativeessayGenerallyspeaking,therearetwowaystoorganizeanargumentativeessayfeaturingcounter-arguments,namely,theblockpatternandthepoint-by-pointpattern.Intheblockpattern,theauthorfirstlistsinBlock1allofthecounter-argumentsandtheirrespectiverebuttals,andtheninBlock2hepresentshisownarguments,whichfunctionasasupplementtotherebuttalsinBlock1,andshowthathisthesishasbeencomprehensivelyconsideredanddiscussed.tobecontinued2021/5/980BlockpatternIntroduction:?Explanationoftheissue

?ThesisstatementBodyBlock1?Summaryoftheotherside’sarguments?Rebuttaltothefirstargument?Rebuttaltothesecondargument?RebuttaltothethirdargumentBlock2?Summaryofyourownarguments?Yourfirstargument?Yoursecondargument?YourthirdargumentConclusion

tobecontinued2021/5/981

Inthepoint-by-pointpattern,counter-argumentsaredealtwithonebyone.Inotherwords,theauthorlistsonecounter-argumentandrebutsit,andthenhelistsanothercounter-argumentandrebutsit.

Point-by-pointpatterntobecontinued2021/5/982Point-by-pointpatternBody?Statementoftheotherside’sfirstargumentandrebuttalwithyourowncounter-argument?Statementoftheotherside’ssecondargumentandrebuttalwithyourowncounter-argument?Statementoftheotherside’sthirdargumentandrebuttalwithyourowncounter-argumentIntroduction?Explanationoftheissue?ThesisstatementtobecontinuedConclusion

2021/5/983Let’slookatthefollowingexamplestoseehowtheblockpatternorthepoint-by-pointpatternisadoptedtooutlinetheessays.2021/5/984FeelfreetoletboysandgirlsattendseparateclassesIntroduction

Thereissomeevidencethatsame-sexclassesproducepositiveresultsamongstudents.BodyBlock1Summaryoftheotherside’sarguments:?Testscoresdon’tshowanyadvantageforall-girlorall-boyclasses.?Separateclasses(orseparateschools)sendthemessagethatmalesandfemalescan’tworktogether.Examplefortheblockpatterntobecontinued2021/5/985?Same-sexeducationisakindofdiscriminationagainstboysorgirls.Rebuttaltothefirstargument:Researchisinconclusiveandsomeresearchesshowoppositeresults.Rebuttaltothesecondargument:Childrengettointeractwithmembersoftheoppositesexoutsideofschool,forexample,theiropposite-sexparent,brothersorsistersandtheirneighbors.Rebuttaltothethirdargument:Severalstudieshaveshownthatdiscriminationiswidespreadinmixedclasses.tobecontinued2021/5/986Block2Summaryofyourownarguments:Same-sexclassesprovideabetterlearningenvironment.Yourfirstargument:Boysandgirlsbecomemoreconfidentintheirstudies.Yoursecondargument:Schoolchildrenhavemanyopportunitiesoutsideofschooltointeractwithoneanother.Yourthirdargument:Same-sexclassescanbetterensureequaltreatmentofstudents.ConclusionSame-sexclassesorschoolsshouldbeencouraged.

tobecontinued2021/5/987Shouldchildrenbesenttoboardingschools?Introduction

Itismorehelpfultochildreniftheystayindayschoolsratherthanboardingschools.BodyCounter-argument1:Childrenareunderteachers’supervisionallthetime.Rebuttal:Teachers’supervisionisinadequate.Counter-argument2:Childrencanspendmoretimestudying.Rebuttal:Childrenmayidleawaytime.

Exampleforthepoint-by-pointpatterntobecontinued2021/5/988Counter-argument3:Childrencan’thaveeasyaccesstotheInternet,thereforewon’tbecomeaddictedtocomputergames.Rebuttal:Addictiontocomputergamesmaybeavoided,butchildrenmaydevelopotherproblems.Conclusion

Sendingchildrentoboardingschoolsisnotagooddecision.

tobecontinued2021/5/989Readthesampleessayandseehowitdevelopsinthepoint-by-pointpattern.2021/5/990Topic:Shouldchildrenbesenttoboardingschools?Introduction:Itismorehelpfultochildreniftheystayindayschoolsratherthanboardingschools.Body:?Firstcounter-argument:Childrenareunderteachers’supervisionallthetime.?Firstrebuttal:Theindividualattentionachildgetsislittle.tobecontinued2021/5/991?Secondcounter-argument:Childrencanspendmoretimestudying.?Secondrebuttal:Childrenmayidleawaytime.?Thirdcounter-argument:Childrencan’thaveeasyaccesstotheInternet,thereforewon’tbecomeaddictedtocomputergames.?Thirdrebuttal:Addictiontocomputergamesmaybeavoided,butchildrenmaydevelopotherproblems.Conclusion:Sendingchildrentoboardingschoolsisnotagooddecision.tobecontinued2021/5/992SampleEssay:Children’seducationhasalwaysbeenanissuethatdrawsthesocialconcern.Asmanyparentsnowfacegreatworkpressure,theythinkitagoodideatosendtheirchildrentoboardingschoolsandputthemunderthesupervisionofteachers.However,Idon’tthinkthisisagoodidea.Inmyopinion,itismorehelpfultochildreniftheystayindayschools.Thosewhosupportsendingchildrentoboardingschoolsbelievethatchildrencandevelopbetterlifeandstudyhabitsiftheyaretobecontinued2021/5/993supervisedbyteachersalldayslongandenjoyadvancedlearningfacilities.However,thismaynotbethecase.Althoughteachersmaybehighly-trainedandeducationalfacilitieswell-provided,therearesomanychildrenandrelativelysofewteachersinmostschoolsthattheindividualattentionachildgetsisverylittle.Anotherideaheldbythesepeopleisthatchildrencanhavemoretimeforstudyandother

activitiesiftheystayinboardingschools.Theydon’thavetospendmuchtimetravelingbetweentheirhomesandschoolseachday.tobecontinued2021/5/994Butwhocansaythatchildrendospendthetimesavedonstudy,oronothermeaningfulthings?Theymayjustidleitaway.Lastbutnotleast,someparentsthinkthatkeepingtheirchildreninboardingschoolsisagoodwaytopreventthemfromplayingcomputergamesathome.Yes,it’struethatchildrencannothaveeasyaccesstotheInternetinboardingschools,butIdon’tthinkitwisetoexertsuchcontrol.Ifchildrenareconfinedtoboardingschoolsallthetimeanddeniedthechancetoexperiencedifferentthings,itcancauseproblemsaswell.tobecontinued2021/5/995Forexample,childrenmaynotdeveloptheirabilitytocommunicatewithothers.Toavoidchildrengettingaddictedtocomputergames,parentsshouldspendmoretimeplayingwiththemandgivethemmoreloveandcare.Allinall,parentscan’tjustleavetheirchildreninboardingschoolsfeelingrelaxedthemselves.Familyeducation,asanimportantsupplementtoschooleducation,playsanindispensableroleinshapingchildren’scharacters.Istronglyrecommendthatchildrenattendadayschoolratherthanaboardingschool.tobecontinued2021/5/996WritingpracticeDirections:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthefollowingtopic.Thetopichasanoutlinethatyoucanfollow.2021/5/997Manornature,whichismorepowerful?PartI.Introduction1.Peopleoftensaythatmancanconquerthenature.2.Ideeplybelievethatnaturetakesoverman.TobecontinuedYoucanfollowtheoutlinegivenbelow.2021/5/998Youcanfollowtheoutlinegivenbelow.PartII.Body:argumentationSummaryoftheotherside’sargumentsHistoricallyspeaking,thereisnodoubtthatmancanreformthenature.

Itseemsthatmanismorepowerfulthannat