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英語初高銜接課-從句
(教師版)
授課教師學生
年級新高一授課時間
課程標題
教學目標
1.通過回顧初中所見的相關語言現(xiàn)象,對英語復雜句法達到初步了解,為高中的
進一步學習做好認識上的準備;
2.通過對賓語從句、狀語從句和定語從句的主要知識脈絡的了解,能夠從理論層
面了解英語句法。
教學內(nèi)容
一.Review
(復習)
1.Theofficialsaidthey_____anewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenext
year.
(2013上海中考)
A.makesB.wouldmakeC.madeD.havemade
B.解析:Theofficialsaid...包含賓語從句,須注意主從句謂語動詞的時
態(tài)呼應。如果從句謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所
表示的動作之后,從句謂語動詞用一般過去將來時,即“would
do”形式。
2.EvenTony'sgranddaughter,afive-year-oldgirl,askedhim______
smoking.
(2013上海中考)
A.giveupB.togiveupC.gaveupD.givingup
B.解析:考查動詞搭配“asksb.todosth.",此外注意該句中包含一個插入性
的結
構“afive-year-oldgirl”在此相當于一個定語結構,“whowasa
five-year-oldgiH”。
3.domillionsofonlineusersvisitthehomepageofthe
government?
Toreadthenewsandsearchfortheinformationtheyneed.(2012
上
海中考)
A.WhenB.WhereC.WhyD.What
C.解析:表示目的的句子用“why”提問,在此涉及的一個知識點是“the
informationtheyneed"中的"theyneed”結構,是定語修飾
11.
刖
面的名詞“theinfbrmation^o
4.PeterwillcookforhisparentstheInternationalDayofFamilies
comes.(2012上海中考)
A.unlessB.whenC.untilD.though
B.解析:“when”在此引導時間狀語從句。
5.Stopaboutthetraffic.Justthinkaboutwhatwecandotoimprove
it.
A.complainB.tocomplainC.complainingD.complained
A.解析:"stopcomplaining”停止正在做的事情。注意“whatwecandotoimprove
it”
結構,在此為“thinkabout”的賓語。
6.TonyFranklikestheCD.Theythinkthemusicistoo
noisy.
(2012上海中考)
A.Neither/norB.Either/orC.Both/andD.Notonly/but
also
A.解析:本題考查兩者同時否定結構,注意“Theythink.「結構包含賓語從句。
7.I'msurethatstricterrulestocontrolcigarettesmokingverysoon.
(2012上海中考)
A.madeB.willmakeC.weremadeD.willbemade
D.解析:"msurethat...”包含一個賓語從句,注意主從句的時態(tài)呼應,當主句
謂語
動詞時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時時,賓語從句的時態(tài)依照具體情況而定。
8.Bobspendsalotofmoneyonbooksheisnotrich.(2011上
海中
考)
A.ifB.ThoughC.whenD.because
B.解析:“though”在此引導讓步狀語從句。
9.rdliketoknow.(2011上海中考)
A.whenwillhegivebackthetape
B.whetherhashereceivedhighereducation
C.thathehasbeenbusy
D.whethershewilljoininourEnglishevening
D.解析:注意賓語從句的語序問題,當賓語從句為疑問句時,語序為“疑問詞
+主語+謂語
題要總析:
涉及句型種類題序
賓語從句1、6、7、8、9
狀語從句5、8
定語從句2、3
本復習部分目的在于通過回顧以前的語言現(xiàn)象,讓學生對于所見過的英語當中的三大
主要句式的結構獲得一個初步印象,為接下來的對于這三類句式的更深層次學習做鋪
墊。因此本部分的目的不在于解題,而在于觀察包含三大句式的語言現(xiàn)象。
二.Syntax
(英語句法)
I.Lead-in
(導入)
Simplesentence(簡單句)Weareobsessedwith
英語三大句式Coordinatesentence(并列句)Ourculturegrows
maturing,and
looksisnotadecisive.
factorinone'ssuccess.
Complexsentence(復合句)Cumberbatch,whois
odd-looking,has
conquered
Hollywoodandbecome
thebiggeststarinthe
world.
一主語從句Wherehecomesfromisunimportant.
f名詞性從句賓語從句Haveyoudecidedwhereyouwillgo.
表語從句Thisiswheresheoncelived.
同位語從句Therearosethequestionwherewe
couldgetsuchalargeamountof
money.
復合句狀語從句Iwasoutwhenyoucalledme.
1
定語從句Icouldn'tfindthewatchthatmyfathergavemeasmy
birthday
present.
ILObjectiveclause
(賓語從句)
1.概念:從句在主句中作賓語。
2.類別:
作動詞的賓語Footballfansfindthatpartofthe
WorldCuplogolookslikethegesture
offacepalm.
賓語從句》作介詞的賓語Peoplearecuriousaboutwhat
happenedto
theMalaysianflightMH370.
作形容詞的賓語PresidentofSouthKoreaweresadthat
thecoastguardhadfailedtosaveas
manypassengersaspossiblefromthe
sunkenferry.
3.引導詞
賓語從句的句式引導詞示例
陳述句連詞that,在從句中不Iheardthathehasjoined
作成分,只起聯(lián)接主從句theclub.
的作用
選擇疑問句whether;ifIwonderwhetheryoucan
comewithme.
特殊疑問句連接彳弋詞what,which,Ican'trememberwhathe
who,whom;saidjustnow.
連接副詞when,where,Canyouexplainwhyyou
why,how(howlong;howarelateforschool.
often;howfar;howmuch;
howold;howmany)
注意:what有時表示疑問有時不表示疑問。
3.直接引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換
1)人稱代詞的相應改變
2)主從句時態(tài)的呼應
Shesaid,“Inevereatmeat.^^
.Shesaidthatsheneveratemeat.
“Pmwatchingawonderfulhereplied.
—Herepliedthathewaswatchingawonderfulfilm.
4.課堂練習:
1)Wehaven'tdiscussedyetwearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.(2010
全國卷)
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where
2)Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow
.(2010上海卷)
A.heisenteringwhichlaneB.whichlaneheisentering
C.isheenteringwhichlaneD.whichlaneisheentering
3)Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksofhecanreactmoreappropriatelyon
such
occasions.(2009上海卷)
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how
答案:D,B,B.
解析:
1)根據(jù)題意,從句中缺少地點狀語,故選D,where引導的名詞從句作discuss
的賓
語。
2)考查賓語從句的語序。當賓語從句的句意為疑問句意時,從句使用陳述句
的語序,
即“特殊疑問詞+主語+謂語”,故選Bo翻譯句意為:司機應該使用轉(zhuǎn)向燈讓其
他司
機知道他要往哪一個道上轉(zhuǎn)。
3)考查介詞后接賓語從句。根據(jù)句意,選擇疑問副詞how.
III.Adverbialclause
(狀語從句)
1.概念:狀語從句在主句中充當狀語成分,可以表示時間、地點、原因、條件、
目的、
結果、比較、讓步、方式等。
2.類別:
1)時間狀語從句-表明主句中謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間。引導詞包括
when/as/while/since/until/till/after/before/once/immediately/assoonas/no
sooner...than/hardly/scarcely...when/themoment/theminute/everytime等。
常見時間狀語從句示例:
Whenhearrives,hewilltellusaboutthematch.
Aspeopleapproacholdage,theirenergydiminishes.
MomiscookinginthekitchenwhileDadisreadingnewspaperinthesitting
room.
EverytimeIsawthesculpture,Icouldn'thelpadmiringit.
Hewillcallyouthemomenthecomesback.
2)地點狀語從句-表明主句中謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的地點。引導詞包括
where/wherever.
示例:
Wheretheywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.
Sitwhereveryoulike.
3)原因狀語從句--表明主句中謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的原因或理由。引導詞包括
because/as/since/nowthat/seeingthat等。
常見原因狀語從句示例:
IstayedathomebecauseIwasill.
Asit'sraining,Ihadtostayathome.
Sinceeveryone'shere,lefsstart.
4)條件狀語從句--包括兩部分,即主句和if等連詞引導的條件。引導詞包括
if/unless/suppose/incase/providedthat/onconditionthat/aslongas/sofaras等。
常見條件狀語從句示例:
Ifyoudon'treadnewspaper,youwon'tknowwhafsgoingonintheworld.
Ifhehadnotenteredthetalentshow,hewouldn'tbecomeapopularsinger.
5)目的狀語從句-表明主句中謂語動詞動作的目的。引導詞包括sothat/that/in
order
that/lest/forfearthal/incase等。
常見目的狀語從句示例:
Iattachedthenotetothedoorsothathecouldseeitwhenhecameback.
BringthephotocloserthatIcanseeitclearer.
6)結果狀語從句--表明主句中謂語動詞動作導致的結果。引導詞包括so
that/so...that/such...that等。
常見結果狀語從句示例:
Ireceivedmywagesyesterday,sothatIamabletopaywhatIoweyou.
Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tspeak.
Heissuchagoodcolleaguethateveryonerespecthim.
7)比較狀語從句--修飾主句中謂語動詞動作的程度。引導詞包括as...as/than等。
常見比較狀語從句示例:
Timeisaspreciousasgold.
Herpaintingislessattractivethanyours.
8)讓步狀語從句--表示轉(zhuǎn)折意味。引導詞包括though/allhough/evenif7no
matter/whatever/however/wherever等。
常見讓步狀語從句示例:
Thoughheispoor,helivesahappylife.
Eventhoughyoufailedthematch,youhadlearnedalot.
9)方式狀語從句--表明主句謂語動詞所表示動作進行的方式。引導詞包括as
if/as
though/thewaythat等。
常見方式狀語從句示例:
Hewalkedasifhewasdrunk.
3.課堂練習
1)ourmanagerobjectstoTom'sjoiningtheclub,weshallaccepthimasa
member.(2010上海卷)
A.UntilB.UnlessC.IfD.After
2)Youcan'tborrowbooksfromtheschoollibraryyougetyourstudentcard.
(2009上海卷)
A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.As
3)wellpreparedyouare,youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.
(2008上海卷)
A.HoweverB.WhateverC.NomatterD.Although
答案:B,A,A
解析:
1)考查條件狀語從句。句意為“除非我們的經(jīng)理反對湯姆加入俱樂部,否則
我們
將接受他成為我們中的一員。
2)考查時間狀語從句。句意為“在拿到學生卡之前你不能從校圖書館借書”。
3)考查讓步狀語從句。句意為“無論你準備得多么充分,爬山還是需要很大
的運氣的
IV.AttributiveClause
(定語從句)
1.定語從句的本質(zhì)
AttributivesinEnglish(英語中的定語表現(xiàn)形式)
AttributivesindifferentlevelsExamples
Here'syourkey——room201.
Thatprettymiddle-agedwomanspendsall
herdaysoffwithherbabygirl.
(單個代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞以及名
詞等)
Word
Theworklosearchforthemissingflight
MH370hastobesuspendedforsome
reasons.
Theactresswasoutshinedbythetranslator
standingbehindher.
Travelersarebannedfromattaching
padlocksinscribedwiththeirnamestothe
railingsofthefootbridge.
Thefearsaboutbeingunemployedcause
thesleepdeficitofsomeyoungpeople
today.
(不定式結構、分詞短語、介詞短語等)
2.包含定語從句的句子結構圖示
Antecedent
(Relative)
MainclauseAttributiveclause
(1)Scientistsaretryingtoinventakindof3-Dprinterwhichcanbe
usedtocopyfoodinthekitchen.
(2)Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestoryshowsthemost
imagination.(2011全國卷)
3.標示定語從句的特定詞…-關系詞
先行詞關系代詞
事物that,which,whose
人who,whom,whose
先行詞關系副詞
時間when
地點where
原因why
關系詞使得定語從句顯性化,要正確地使用關系詞引導定語從句,可以從幾個方面檢
驗:
(1)明確定語從句所修飾的主句部分的概念類別,是指人,物還是其他;
(2)引導定語從句的關系詞大都充當從句的某個句子成分,主語、賓語、表語、定
語、狀
語等,謂語成分除外,關系詞若充當從句賓語,可以省略;
1.TheMP3player(which/that)Iboughtonlinelastmonthhasbroken
down.
2.Theagedcouplestronglypreventedtheirdaughterfromdatingher
boyfriend,becausetheydidn'tthinkhewastheman(whom/that)she
couldrelyon.
3.Sheisanactresswhoisverylow-keyinherreallifeandwhose
performanceshaveneverfailedtowinpopularityamongtheaudience.
4.Shelikespassingherweekendsinthecafewhereshemetherhusband
forthefirsttime.
5.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregonewhenlocal5-starhotels
charged6,000yuanforonenight.(2009江蘇卷)
6.Doyouknowthereasonwhythesmogisbecomingmoreandmore
seriousinourcountry?
4.定語從句的類
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句在句法作用上都是對主句中某個名詞部分或整
個主句進行修飾,兩者的區(qū)別在于:在視覺上的最明顯區(qū)別在于逗號的使用,如果定
語從句與主句被逗號隔開,該定語從句為非限制性定語從句,反之為限制性定語從句;
試從以下例子感受兩者的區(qū)別:
(1)MysterycontinuestosurroundthefateofMalaysiaAirlinesflight
MH370,whichdisappearedonroutefromKualaLumpurtoBeijing
on8March.
(2)HarrowingstoriesaboutvictimsoftheminedisasterinTurkey
continuetoemerge,withHurriyetnewspaperreportinganotefound
inthehandofadeadminerwhichread:"Pleasegivemeyour
blessings,myson?
(3)TheywillflytoWashington,wheretheyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.
(2008重慶卷)
(4)CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?
Youshoultrythebarber5swhereIgo.It'sonly15.(2010天津卷)
5.課堂練習
1.1refusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingwassomeone
elsefault.(2010全國卷)
A.whoB.thatC.asD.what
2.GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.
(2009陜西卷)
A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich
3.OccasionsarequiterareIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.
(2008山東卷)
A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when
4.WheneverImether,wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.
(2009山東卷)
A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that
答案:B,C,C.
解析:
1)先行詞something表事物,所以定語從句的引導詞應當選擇
that或which,但英語中有一條規(guī)則,即當先行詞為不定代詞
時引導詞用that,類似的不定代詞有anything/nothing/none/all
等。
2)考查“介詞+關系代詞”結構,此處argue為不及物
和about連用表示“關于..的爭論”。在定語從句
可以提前
3)when在此意為ontheseoccasions>表示時間
4)該句為非限制性定語從句,指代前面提到的Imet
課后作業(yè)
課后練習:
1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown__
_____hegrewupasachild.(NMET1996)
A.whichB.that
C.whereD.when
2.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_________personallyI
doubtverymuch.(NMET1999)
A.itB.that
C.whenD.which
3.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________—,
of
course,madetheothersunhappy.(NMET2000)
A.whoB.which
C.thisD.what
4.isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthon
ce
everymonth.(NMET2001)
A.ItB.As
C.ThatD.What
5.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome__________Iwastakengoodca
reofinthatfar-awayvillage.(NMET2001)
A.untilB.that
C.whenD.where
6.ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorsc
hoolisincreasing.(1994上海卷)
A.WhichB.As
C.ThatD.It
7.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,______
manypeoplehavegothome.(1995上海卷)
A.whosetimeB.that
C.onwhichD.bywhich
8.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose
_in
theforest.(1997上海卷)
A.oncetheygrewB?theygrewonce
C.theyoncegrewD.oncegrew
9.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,ofgreatimportancet
o
science.(1998上海卷)
A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitis
C.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis
10.HewasveryrudetotheCustomsofficer,ofcoursemadet
hingsevenworse.(1999上海卷)
A.whoB.whom
C.whatD.which
11.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreason
able.(2000上海卷)
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhich
C.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
12.He9sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationheislikelytoI
ose
controlovertheplane.(2001上海卷)
A.whereB.which
C.whileD.why
13.Icanthinkofmanycasesstudentsobviouslyknewalotof
Englishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.(2003上海卷)
A.whyB.which
C.asD.where
14.Thegentlemanyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.
(2000上海春)
A.whoB.aboutwhom
C.whomD.withwhom
15.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,
for
thefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.(2000北京春)
A.thatB.while
C.whichD.when
16.Theresultoftheexperimentwiisverygood,__________wehadn'texp
ect.
(2000北京春)
A.whenB.that
C.whichD.what
17.HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,__________leadingactorisworldfamo
us?(2001上海春)
A.itsB.it's
C.whoseD.which
18.Johnsaidhe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,__________was
true.(2001北京春)
A.heB.this
C.whichD.who
19.Isthisthereason__________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhis
work?(2002上海春)
A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained
C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
20.Thefamousbasketballplayer,__________triedtomakeacomeback,a
ttracteda
lotofattention.(2002北京春)
A.whereB.when
C.whichD.who
21.Wearelivinginanage__________manythingsaredoneoncompute
r.
(2003北京春)
A.whichB.that
C.whoseD.when
22.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeother
places,__________othervisitorsseldomgo.(2002北京)
A.whatB.which
C.whereD.when
23.York,__________lastyear,isaniceoldcity.(2003北京)
A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisited
C.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited
24.Luckily,we*dbroughtaroadmapwithoutwewouldhave
lost
ourway.(2004北京春)
A.itB.that
C.thisD.which
25.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,
thesailingtimewas226days.(2004廣西卷)
A.ofwhichB.duringwhich
C.fromwhichD.forwhich
26.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%___
aresoldabroad.(2004遼寧卷)
A.ofwhichB.whichof
C.ofthemD.ofthat
27.Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.
(2004湖北卷)
A.thelargerB.thelargerofthem
C.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich
28.TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYear'spart
ywasagreatsuccess.(2004全國卷)
A.forwhichB.atwhich
C.inwhichD.onwhich
29.Asanewgraduate,hedoesn'tknowittakestostartabusiness
here.
(2010天津卷)
A.howB.what
C.whenD.which
30.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheoffice
knewshewassoangry.(2010湖南卷)
A.whereB.whether
C.thatD.why
31.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakest
osaveherlife.(2009湖南卷)
A.whicheverB.however
C.whateverD.whoever
32.ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleavecouldbeli
fe9s
mostimportantdecision——marriage-almostentirelyuptoluck.(2009江蘇卷)
A.asB.that
C.whichD.what
33.Whenasked_______theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofe
6a1l
importantandloved.(2008湖南卷)
A.whatB.why
C.whomD.which
34.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagediff
erentfrom_______theirparentsspeakathome.(2008浙江卷)
A.whatB.that
C.whichD.one
35.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate_____theyhopewillbet
hebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.(2008北京卷)
A.whichB.that
C.whatD.who
36.PeopleinChongqingareproudof______theyhaveachievedinthepas
tten
years.(2008重慶卷)
A.thatB.which
C.whatD.how
37.Ashisbestfriend,Icanmakeaccurateguessesabout__________hewi
11doorthink.(2008上海卷)
A.whatB.which
C.whomD.that
38.Try_____shemight5Suecouldn'tgetthedooropen.(2011全國卷)
A.ifB.when
C.sinceD.as
39.___________volleyballishermainfocus,she'salsogreatatbasketball.
(2011北京卷)
A.SinceB.When
C.UnlessD.While
40.OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendaway_______dau
ghter
heardcriesforhelp.(2011浙江卷)
A.afterB.while
C.sinceD.when
41.Jackwasn'tsayinganything,buttheteachersmiledathim____heh
addonesomethingveryclever.(2011湖南卷)
A.asifB?incase
C.whileD.though
42.Marymadecoffee___________herguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.
(2010全國卷)
A.sothatB.although
C.whileD.asif
43.Thelittleboywon'tgotosleep______hermothertellshimastory.
(2010全國卷)
A.orB.unless
C.butD.whether
44.Tomwasabouttoclosethewindow_________hisattentionwascaug
htbya
bird.(2010全國卷)
A.whenB.if
C.andD.till
45.…Haveyoufinishedthebook?
--No.Evereadupto______thechildrendiscoverthesecretcav
e.
(2010全國卷)
A.whichB.what
C.thatD.where
46._________theydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldresearch
the
admissionprocedures.(2010北京卷)
A.AsB.While
C.UntilD.Once
47.Timisingoodshapephysically_________hedoesn'tgetmuchexerci
se.
(2010湖南卷)
A.ifB.eventhough
C.unlessD.aslongas
48.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschool
duringtheday,________accompaniedbyanadult.(2010山東卷)
A.onceB.when
C.ifD.unless
49.Today,wewillbeginwestoppedyesterdaysothatnopoint
willbeleftout.(2010重慶卷)
A.whenB.where
C.howD.what
50.TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairhewante
dtositnexttohiswife.(2010遼寧卷)
A.althoughB.unless
C.becauseD.if
1.Co先行詞是地點名詞,且定語從句中缺地點狀語,用關系副詞
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