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英語初高銜接課-從句

(教師版)

授課教師學生

年級新高一授課時間

課程標題

教學目標

1.通過回顧初中所見的相關語言現(xiàn)象,對英語復雜句法達到初步了解,為高中的

進一步學習做好認識上的準備;

2.通過對賓語從句、狀語從句和定語從句的主要知識脈絡的了解,能夠從理論層

面了解英語句法。

教學內(nèi)容

一.Review

(復習)

1.Theofficialsaidthey_____anewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenext

year.

(2013上海中考)

A.makesB.wouldmakeC.madeD.havemade

B.解析:Theofficialsaid...包含賓語從句,須注意主從句謂語動詞的時

態(tài)呼應。如果從句謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所

表示的動作之后,從句謂語動詞用一般過去將來時,即“would

do”形式。

2.EvenTony'sgranddaughter,afive-year-oldgirl,askedhim______

smoking.

(2013上海中考)

A.giveupB.togiveupC.gaveupD.givingup

B.解析:考查動詞搭配“asksb.todosth.",此外注意該句中包含一個插入性

的結

構“afive-year-oldgirl”在此相當于一個定語結構,“whowasa

five-year-oldgiH”。

3.domillionsofonlineusersvisitthehomepageofthe

government?

Toreadthenewsandsearchfortheinformationtheyneed.(2012

海中考)

A.WhenB.WhereC.WhyD.What

C.解析:表示目的的句子用“why”提問,在此涉及的一個知識點是“the

informationtheyneed"中的"theyneed”結構,是定語修飾

11.

面的名詞“theinfbrmation^o

4.PeterwillcookforhisparentstheInternationalDayofFamilies

comes.(2012上海中考)

A.unlessB.whenC.untilD.though

B.解析:“when”在此引導時間狀語從句。

5.Stopaboutthetraffic.Justthinkaboutwhatwecandotoimprove

it.

A.complainB.tocomplainC.complainingD.complained

A.解析:"stopcomplaining”停止正在做的事情。注意“whatwecandotoimprove

it”

結構,在此為“thinkabout”的賓語。

6.TonyFranklikestheCD.Theythinkthemusicistoo

noisy.

(2012上海中考)

A.Neither/norB.Either/orC.Both/andD.Notonly/but

also

A.解析:本題考查兩者同時否定結構,注意“Theythink.「結構包含賓語從句。

7.I'msurethatstricterrulestocontrolcigarettesmokingverysoon.

(2012上海中考)

A.madeB.willmakeC.weremadeD.willbemade

D.解析:"msurethat...”包含一個賓語從句,注意主從句的時態(tài)呼應,當主句

謂語

動詞時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時時,賓語從句的時態(tài)依照具體情況而定。

8.Bobspendsalotofmoneyonbooksheisnotrich.(2011上

海中

考)

A.ifB.ThoughC.whenD.because

B.解析:“though”在此引導讓步狀語從句。

9.rdliketoknow.(2011上海中考)

A.whenwillhegivebackthetape

B.whetherhashereceivedhighereducation

C.thathehasbeenbusy

D.whethershewilljoininourEnglishevening

D.解析:注意賓語從句的語序問題,當賓語從句為疑問句時,語序為“疑問詞

+主語+謂語

題要總析:

涉及句型種類題序

賓語從句1、6、7、8、9

狀語從句5、8

定語從句2、3

本復習部分目的在于通過回顧以前的語言現(xiàn)象,讓學生對于所見過的英語當中的三大

主要句式的結構獲得一個初步印象,為接下來的對于這三類句式的更深層次學習做鋪

墊。因此本部分的目的不在于解題,而在于觀察包含三大句式的語言現(xiàn)象。

二.Syntax

(英語句法)

I.Lead-in

(導入)

Simplesentence(簡單句)Weareobsessedwith

英語三大句式Coordinatesentence(并列句)Ourculturegrows

maturing,and

looksisnotadecisive.

factorinone'ssuccess.

Complexsentence(復合句)Cumberbatch,whois

odd-looking,has

conquered

Hollywoodandbecome

thebiggeststarinthe

world.

一主語從句Wherehecomesfromisunimportant.

f名詞性從句賓語從句Haveyoudecidedwhereyouwillgo.

表語從句Thisiswheresheoncelived.

同位語從句Therearosethequestionwherewe

couldgetsuchalargeamountof

money.

復合句狀語從句Iwasoutwhenyoucalledme.

1

定語從句Icouldn'tfindthewatchthatmyfathergavemeasmy

birthday

present.

ILObjectiveclause

(賓語從句)

1.概念:從句在主句中作賓語。

2.類別:

作動詞的賓語Footballfansfindthatpartofthe

WorldCuplogolookslikethegesture

offacepalm.

賓語從句》作介詞的賓語Peoplearecuriousaboutwhat

happenedto

theMalaysianflightMH370.

作形容詞的賓語PresidentofSouthKoreaweresadthat

thecoastguardhadfailedtosaveas

manypassengersaspossiblefromthe

sunkenferry.

3.引導詞

賓語從句的句式引導詞示例

陳述句連詞that,在從句中不Iheardthathehasjoined

作成分,只起聯(lián)接主從句theclub.

的作用

選擇疑問句whether;ifIwonderwhetheryoucan

comewithme.

特殊疑問句連接彳弋詞what,which,Ican'trememberwhathe

who,whom;saidjustnow.

連接副詞when,where,Canyouexplainwhyyou

why,how(howlong;howarelateforschool.

often;howfar;howmuch;

howold;howmany)

注意:what有時表示疑問有時不表示疑問。

3.直接引語與間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換

1)人稱代詞的相應改變

2)主從句時態(tài)的呼應

Shesaid,“Inevereatmeat.^^

.Shesaidthatsheneveratemeat.

“Pmwatchingawonderfulhereplied.

—Herepliedthathewaswatchingawonderfulfilm.

4.課堂練習:

1)Wehaven'tdiscussedyetwearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.(2010

全國卷)

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where

2)Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow

.(2010上海卷)

A.heisenteringwhichlaneB.whichlaneheisentering

C.isheenteringwhichlaneD.whichlaneisheentering

3)Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksofhecanreactmoreappropriatelyon

such

occasions.(2009上海卷)

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how

答案:D,B,B.

解析:

1)根據(jù)題意,從句中缺少地點狀語,故選D,where引導的名詞從句作discuss

的賓

語。

2)考查賓語從句的語序。當賓語從句的句意為疑問句意時,從句使用陳述句

的語序,

即“特殊疑問詞+主語+謂語”,故選Bo翻譯句意為:司機應該使用轉(zhuǎn)向燈讓其

他司

機知道他要往哪一個道上轉(zhuǎn)。

3)考查介詞后接賓語從句。根據(jù)句意,選擇疑問副詞how.

III.Adverbialclause

(狀語從句)

1.概念:狀語從句在主句中充當狀語成分,可以表示時間、地點、原因、條件、

目的、

結果、比較、讓步、方式等。

2.類別:

1)時間狀語從句-表明主句中謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間。引導詞包括

when/as/while/since/until/till/after/before/once/immediately/assoonas/no

sooner...than/hardly/scarcely...when/themoment/theminute/everytime等。

常見時間狀語從句示例:

Whenhearrives,hewilltellusaboutthematch.

Aspeopleapproacholdage,theirenergydiminishes.

MomiscookinginthekitchenwhileDadisreadingnewspaperinthesitting

room.

EverytimeIsawthesculpture,Icouldn'thelpadmiringit.

Hewillcallyouthemomenthecomesback.

2)地點狀語從句-表明主句中謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的地點。引導詞包括

where/wherever.

示例:

Wheretheywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.

Sitwhereveryoulike.

3)原因狀語從句--表明主句中謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的原因或理由。引導詞包括

because/as/since/nowthat/seeingthat等。

常見原因狀語從句示例:

IstayedathomebecauseIwasill.

Asit'sraining,Ihadtostayathome.

Sinceeveryone'shere,lefsstart.

4)條件狀語從句--包括兩部分,即主句和if等連詞引導的條件。引導詞包括

if/unless/suppose/incase/providedthat/onconditionthat/aslongas/sofaras等。

常見條件狀語從句示例:

Ifyoudon'treadnewspaper,youwon'tknowwhafsgoingonintheworld.

Ifhehadnotenteredthetalentshow,hewouldn'tbecomeapopularsinger.

5)目的狀語從句-表明主句中謂語動詞動作的目的。引導詞包括sothat/that/in

order

that/lest/forfearthal/incase等。

常見目的狀語從句示例:

Iattachedthenotetothedoorsothathecouldseeitwhenhecameback.

BringthephotocloserthatIcanseeitclearer.

6)結果狀語從句--表明主句中謂語動詞動作導致的結果。引導詞包括so

that/so...that/such...that等。

常見結果狀語從句示例:

Ireceivedmywagesyesterday,sothatIamabletopaywhatIoweyou.

Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tspeak.

Heissuchagoodcolleaguethateveryonerespecthim.

7)比較狀語從句--修飾主句中謂語動詞動作的程度。引導詞包括as...as/than等。

常見比較狀語從句示例:

Timeisaspreciousasgold.

Herpaintingislessattractivethanyours.

8)讓步狀語從句--表示轉(zhuǎn)折意味。引導詞包括though/allhough/evenif7no

matter/whatever/however/wherever等。

常見讓步狀語從句示例:

Thoughheispoor,helivesahappylife.

Eventhoughyoufailedthematch,youhadlearnedalot.

9)方式狀語從句--表明主句謂語動詞所表示動作進行的方式。引導詞包括as

if/as

though/thewaythat等。

常見方式狀語從句示例:

Hewalkedasifhewasdrunk.

3.課堂練習

1)ourmanagerobjectstoTom'sjoiningtheclub,weshallaccepthimasa

member.(2010上海卷)

A.UntilB.UnlessC.IfD.After

2)Youcan'tborrowbooksfromtheschoollibraryyougetyourstudentcard.

(2009上海卷)

A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.As

3)wellpreparedyouare,youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.

(2008上海卷)

A.HoweverB.WhateverC.NomatterD.Although

答案:B,A,A

解析:

1)考查條件狀語從句。句意為“除非我們的經(jīng)理反對湯姆加入俱樂部,否則

我們

將接受他成為我們中的一員。

2)考查時間狀語從句。句意為“在拿到學生卡之前你不能從校圖書館借書”。

3)考查讓步狀語從句。句意為“無論你準備得多么充分,爬山還是需要很大

的運氣的

IV.AttributiveClause

(定語從句)

1.定語從句的本質(zhì)

AttributivesinEnglish(英語中的定語表現(xiàn)形式)

AttributivesindifferentlevelsExamples

Here'syourkey——room201.

Thatprettymiddle-agedwomanspendsall

herdaysoffwithherbabygirl.

(單個代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞以及名

詞等)

Word

Theworklosearchforthemissingflight

MH370hastobesuspendedforsome

reasons.

Theactresswasoutshinedbythetranslator

standingbehindher.

Travelersarebannedfromattaching

padlocksinscribedwiththeirnamestothe

railingsofthefootbridge.

Thefearsaboutbeingunemployedcause

thesleepdeficitofsomeyoungpeople

today.

(不定式結構、分詞短語、介詞短語等)

2.包含定語從句的句子結構圖示

Antecedent

(Relative)

MainclauseAttributiveclause

(1)Scientistsaretryingtoinventakindof3-Dprinterwhichcanbe

usedtocopyfoodinthekitchen.

(2)Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestoryshowsthemost

imagination.(2011全國卷)

3.標示定語從句的特定詞…-關系詞

先行詞關系代詞

事物that,which,whose

人who,whom,whose

先行詞關系副詞

時間when

地點where

原因why

關系詞使得定語從句顯性化,要正確地使用關系詞引導定語從句,可以從幾個方面檢

驗:

(1)明確定語從句所修飾的主句部分的概念類別,是指人,物還是其他;

(2)引導定語從句的關系詞大都充當從句的某個句子成分,主語、賓語、表語、定

語、狀

語等,謂語成分除外,關系詞若充當從句賓語,可以省略;

1.TheMP3player(which/that)Iboughtonlinelastmonthhasbroken

down.

2.Theagedcouplestronglypreventedtheirdaughterfromdatingher

boyfriend,becausetheydidn'tthinkhewastheman(whom/that)she

couldrelyon.

3.Sheisanactresswhoisverylow-keyinherreallifeandwhose

performanceshaveneverfailedtowinpopularityamongtheaudience.

4.Shelikespassingherweekendsinthecafewhereshemetherhusband

forthefirsttime.

5.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregonewhenlocal5-starhotels

charged6,000yuanforonenight.(2009江蘇卷)

6.Doyouknowthereasonwhythesmogisbecomingmoreandmore

seriousinourcountry?

4.定語從句的類

限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句在句法作用上都是對主句中某個名詞部分或整

個主句進行修飾,兩者的區(qū)別在于:在視覺上的最明顯區(qū)別在于逗號的使用,如果定

語從句與主句被逗號隔開,該定語從句為非限制性定語從句,反之為限制性定語從句;

試從以下例子感受兩者的區(qū)別:

(1)MysterycontinuestosurroundthefateofMalaysiaAirlinesflight

MH370,whichdisappearedonroutefromKualaLumpurtoBeijing

on8March.

(2)HarrowingstoriesaboutvictimsoftheminedisasterinTurkey

continuetoemerge,withHurriyetnewspaperreportinganotefound

inthehandofadeadminerwhichread:"Pleasegivemeyour

blessings,myson?

(3)TheywillflytoWashington,wheretheyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.

(2008重慶卷)

(4)CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?

Youshoultrythebarber5swhereIgo.It'sonly15.(2010天津卷)

5.課堂練習

1.1refusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingwassomeone

elsefault.(2010全國卷)

A.whoB.thatC.asD.what

2.GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.

(2009陜西卷)

A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich

3.OccasionsarequiterareIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.

(2008山東卷)

A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when

4.WheneverImether,wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.

(2009山東卷)

A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that

答案:B,C,C.

解析:

1)先行詞something表事物,所以定語從句的引導詞應當選擇

that或which,但英語中有一條規(guī)則,即當先行詞為不定代詞

時引導詞用that,類似的不定代詞有anything/nothing/none/all

等。

2)考查“介詞+關系代詞”結構,此處argue為不及物

和about連用表示“關于..的爭論”。在定語從句

可以提前

3)when在此意為ontheseoccasions>表示時間

4)該句為非限制性定語從句,指代前面提到的Imet

課后作業(yè)

課后練習:

1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown__

_____hegrewupasachild.(NMET1996)

A.whichB.that

C.whereD.when

2.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_________personallyI

doubtverymuch.(NMET1999)

A.itB.that

C.whenD.which

3.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________—,

of

course,madetheothersunhappy.(NMET2000)

A.whoB.which

C.thisD.what

4.isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthon

ce

everymonth.(NMET2001)

A.ItB.As

C.ThatD.What

5.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome__________Iwastakengoodca

reofinthatfar-awayvillage.(NMET2001)

A.untilB.that

C.whenD.where

6.ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorsc

hoolisincreasing.(1994上海卷)

A.WhichB.As

C.ThatD.It

7.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,______

manypeoplehavegothome.(1995上海卷)

A.whosetimeB.that

C.onwhichD.bywhich

8.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose

_in

theforest.(1997上海卷)

A.oncetheygrewB?theygrewonce

C.theyoncegrewD.oncegrew

9.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,ofgreatimportancet

o

science.(1998上海卷)

A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitis

C.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis

10.HewasveryrudetotheCustomsofficer,ofcoursemadet

hingsevenworse.(1999上海卷)

A.whoB.whom

C.whatD.which

11.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreason

able.(2000上海卷)

A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhich

C.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose

12.He9sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationheislikelytoI

ose

controlovertheplane.(2001上海卷)

A.whereB.which

C.whileD.why

13.Icanthinkofmanycasesstudentsobviouslyknewalotof

Englishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.(2003上海卷)

A.whyB.which

C.asD.where

14.Thegentlemanyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.

(2000上海春)

A.whoB.aboutwhom

C.whomD.withwhom

15.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,

for

thefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.(2000北京春)

A.thatB.while

C.whichD.when

16.Theresultoftheexperimentwiisverygood,__________wehadn'texp

ect.

(2000北京春)

A.whenB.that

C.whichD.what

17.HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,__________leadingactorisworldfamo

us?(2001上海春)

A.itsB.it's

C.whoseD.which

18.Johnsaidhe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,__________was

true.(2001北京春)

A.heB.this

C.whichD.who

19.Isthisthereason__________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhis

work?(2002上海春)

A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained

C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained

20.Thefamousbasketballplayer,__________triedtomakeacomeback,a

ttracteda

lotofattention.(2002北京春)

A.whereB.when

C.whichD.who

21.Wearelivinginanage__________manythingsaredoneoncompute

r.

(2003北京春)

A.whichB.that

C.whoseD.when

22.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeother

places,__________othervisitorsseldomgo.(2002北京)

A.whatB.which

C.whereD.when

23.York,__________lastyear,isaniceoldcity.(2003北京)

A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisited

C.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited

24.Luckily,we*dbroughtaroadmapwithoutwewouldhave

lost

ourway.(2004北京春)

A.itB.that

C.thisD.which

25.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,

thesailingtimewas226days.(2004廣西卷)

A.ofwhichB.duringwhich

C.fromwhichD.forwhich

26.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%___

aresoldabroad.(2004遼寧卷)

A.ofwhichB.whichof

C.ofthemD.ofthat

27.Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.

(2004湖北卷)

A.thelargerB.thelargerofthem

C.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich

28.TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYear'spart

ywasagreatsuccess.(2004全國卷)

A.forwhichB.atwhich

C.inwhichD.onwhich

29.Asanewgraduate,hedoesn'tknowittakestostartabusiness

here.

(2010天津卷)

A.howB.what

C.whenD.which

30.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheoffice

knewshewassoangry.(2010湖南卷)

A.whereB.whether

C.thatD.why

31.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakest

osaveherlife.(2009湖南卷)

A.whicheverB.however

C.whateverD.whoever

32.ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleavecouldbeli

fe9s

mostimportantdecision——marriage-almostentirelyuptoluck.(2009江蘇卷)

A.asB.that

C.whichD.what

33.Whenasked_______theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofe

6a1l

importantandloved.(2008湖南卷)

A.whatB.why

C.whomD.which

34.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagediff

erentfrom_______theirparentsspeakathome.(2008浙江卷)

A.whatB.that

C.whichD.one

35.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate_____theyhopewillbet

hebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.(2008北京卷)

A.whichB.that

C.whatD.who

36.PeopleinChongqingareproudof______theyhaveachievedinthepas

tten

years.(2008重慶卷)

A.thatB.which

C.whatD.how

37.Ashisbestfriend,Icanmakeaccurateguessesabout__________hewi

11doorthink.(2008上海卷)

A.whatB.which

C.whomD.that

38.Try_____shemight5Suecouldn'tgetthedooropen.(2011全國卷)

A.ifB.when

C.sinceD.as

39.___________volleyballishermainfocus,she'salsogreatatbasketball.

(2011北京卷)

A.SinceB.When

C.UnlessD.While

40.OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendaway_______dau

ghter

heardcriesforhelp.(2011浙江卷)

A.afterB.while

C.sinceD.when

41.Jackwasn'tsayinganything,buttheteachersmiledathim____heh

addonesomethingveryclever.(2011湖南卷)

A.asifB?incase

C.whileD.though

42.Marymadecoffee___________herguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.

(2010全國卷)

A.sothatB.although

C.whileD.asif

43.Thelittleboywon'tgotosleep______hermothertellshimastory.

(2010全國卷)

A.orB.unless

C.butD.whether

44.Tomwasabouttoclosethewindow_________hisattentionwascaug

htbya

bird.(2010全國卷)

A.whenB.if

C.andD.till

45.…Haveyoufinishedthebook?

--No.Evereadupto______thechildrendiscoverthesecretcav

e.

(2010全國卷)

A.whichB.what

C.thatD.where

46._________theydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldresearch

the

admissionprocedures.(2010北京卷)

A.AsB.While

C.UntilD.Once

47.Timisingoodshapephysically_________hedoesn'tgetmuchexerci

se.

(2010湖南卷)

A.ifB.eventhough

C.unlessD.aslongas

48.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschool

duringtheday,________accompaniedbyanadult.(2010山東卷)

A.onceB.when

C.ifD.unless

49.Today,wewillbeginwestoppedyesterdaysothatnopoint

willbeleftout.(2010重慶卷)

A.whenB.where

C.howD.what

50.TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairhewante

dtositnexttohiswife.(2010遼寧卷)

A.althoughB.unless

C.becauseD.if

1.Co先行詞是地點名詞,且定語從句中缺地點狀語,用關系副詞

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