助磨劑對超細(xì)硅酸鋯濕法球磨效率的影響

助磨劑對超細(xì)硅酸鋯濕法球磨效率的影響I.Introduction

A.Backgroundandsignificance

B.Objectives

C.Researchmethods

II.LiteratureReview

A.Overviewofsuperfinezirconiasilicapreparation

B.Mechanismofgrindingaidsonzirconiasilicaultrafinegrinding

C.Researchstatusofgrindingaidsinzirconiasilicawetmilling

III.ExperimentalMethods

A.Materials

B.Equipment

C.Grindingmethodandconditions

D.Designoftestscheme

IV.ResultsandAnalysis

A.Particlesizeanalysis

B.Morphologyanalysis

C.Grindingefficiencyanalysis

D.Statisticalanalysis

V.ConclusionandDiscussion

A.Summaryofexperimentalresults

B.Mechanismanalysisofgrindingaids

C.Prospectsforfutureresearch

VI.ReferencesI.Introduction

A.Backgroundandsignificance

Superfinezirconiasilicaisapromisingfunctionalmaterialduetoitsuniqueproperties,suchashighspecificsurfacearea,goodthermalandchemicalstability,andexcellentoptical,electricalandmechanicalproperties.However,thesynthesisofsuperfinezirconiasilicarequireshighenergyinput,whichcanbeachievedbywetballmilling.Wetballmillingisacommonlyusedtechniqueforthepreparationofultrafineandnanocompositepowdersduetoitshighefficiencyandlowcost.However,thegrindingprocessishamperedbythelowefficiencyofgrindingduetothestrongbondingbetweenthezirconiasilicaparticles.Hence,theadditionofasuitablegrindingaidcanimprovethegrindingefficiencyandreducetheenergyconsumption,whichiscrucialforlarge-scaleproduction.

B.Objectives

Themainobjectiveofthisstudyistoinvestigatetheeffectofgrindingaidsontheefficiencyofwetballmillingofsuperfinezirconiasilica.Specifically,thestudyaimsto:

1.Establishthebaselinegrindingefficiencyofsuperfinezirconiasilicawithouttheuseofgrindingaids.

2.Evaluatetheeffectofdifferenttypesandconcentrationsofgrindingaidsonthegrindingefficiencyofsuperfinezirconiasilica.

3.Understandthemechanismofgrindingaidsonthemorphologyandparticlesizedistributionofthesuperfinezirconiasilicaparticles.

C.Researchmethods

Thestudywillusedifferenttypesandconcentrationsofgrindingaidstoevaluatetheireffectontheefficiencyofwetballmillingofsuperfinezirconiasilica.Thegrindingaidswillbeaddedtothemillingprocessatdifferentstagesandtheeffectonthegrindingefficiencywillbemeasuredbyanalyzingthemorphologyandparticlesizedistributionofthesuperfinezirconiasilicaparticles.Theanalysiswillbedoneusingscanningelectronmicroscopyandlaserparticlesizeanalyzer.StatisticalanalysiswillbedoneusingANOVAtoidentifysignificantdifferencesbetweenthegrindingaids.Inconclusion,thisstudywillprovidevaluableinsightsintotheeffectofgrindingaidsontheefficiencyofwetballmillingofsuperfinezirconiasilica,whichcanbeusedtoenhancetheefficiencyoftheproductionprocessandimprovethepropertiesofthematerial.II.LiteratureReview

A.Introduction

Thesynthesisofsuperfinezirconiasilicabywetballmillingisawell-establishedtechniqueforthepreparationofultrafineandnanocompositepowders.However,thelowefficiencyofgrindingduetothestrongbondingbetweenthezirconiasilicaparticlesisamajorchallengeinlarge-scaleproduction.Theadditionofagrindingaidcanimprovetheefficiencyofwetballmilling,andthusreducetheenergyconsumptionduringtheproductionprocess.Severalstudieshaveinvestigatedtheeffectofdifferenttypesofgrindingaidsontheefficiencyofwetballmillingofvariousmaterials.Thischapterpresentsareviewoftheliteratureontheuseofgrindingaidsinwetballmillingofsuperfinezirconiasilica.

B.Typesofgrindingaids

Thetypesofgrindingaidsusedinwetballmillingcanbeclassifiedintoorganicandinorganicmaterials.Organicgrindingaidsincludepolyamines,polyols,lignosulfonates,andglycol-basedmaterials,whileinorganicgrindingaidsincludealkalimetalandalkalineearthmetalsalts.Together,thesematerialscanenhancethegrindingefficiencybyreducingthestrengthofthebondingbetweentheparticles,increasingthesurfacearea,andimprovingtheflowabilityofthepowder.

C.Effectofgrindingaidsongrindingefficiency

Severalstudieshavereportedthepositiveeffectofdifferenttypesofgrindingaidsonthegrindingefficiencyofvariousmaterials.Forinstance,astudybyAhnetal.(2001)foundthattheadditionof0.1%oftriethanolamine(TEA)asagrindingaidincreasedthegrindingefficiencyofcementclinkerby22%.Similarly,Maetal.(2016)investigatedtheeffectofdifferenttypesandconcentrationsofgrindingaidsonthegrindingefficiencyofaluminaparticlesandfoundthattheadditionofpolyetherpolyolsandpolyethyleneglycol-basedgrindingaidsimprovedthegrindingefficiencybyupto40%.

D.Mechanismofgrindingaidsonparticlemorphologyandsizedistribution

Theadditionofgrindingaidscanalsoaffecttheparticlemorphologyandsizedistributionofthegroundparticles.Forexample,astudybyWangetal.(2017)foundthattheadditionofvarioustypesandconcentrationsofgrindingaids(glycerol,triethanolamine,andsodiumoleate)resultedindifferentparticlemorphologyofgroundlimestoneparticles.Moreover,thestudyfoundthattheadditionofglycerolandtriethanolamineasgrindingaidsledtoanarrowerparticlesizedistribution,whiletheadditionofsodiumoleateresultedinabroaderparticlesizedistribution.

E.Conclusion

Theliteraturereviewhasfoundthattheadditionofgrindingaidscanenhancethegrindingefficiencyofvariousmaterialsbyreducingthestrengthofbondingbetweentheparticles,increasingthesurfacearea,andimprovingtheflowabilityofthepowder.Moreover,theadditionofgrindingaidscanalsoaffecttheparticlemorphologyandsizedistributionofthegroundparticles.Hence,furtherinvestigationiswarrantedtodeterminetheoptimaltypeandconcentrationofgrindingaidsforthewetballmillingofsuperfinezirconiasilica.III.ExperimentalMethodology

A.Introduction

Thischapterdescribestheexperimentalmethodologyusedtoinvestigatetheeffectoftheadditionofgrindingaidsontheefficiencyofwetballmillingofsuperfinezirconiasilica.Theexperimentalmethodologyincludesthepreparationofthezirconiasilicapowder,thewetballmillingprocess,andthecharacterizationtechniquesusedtoevaluatetheparticlesizedistributionandmorphologyofthegroundparticles.

B.Preparationofzirconiasilicapowder

Thezirconiasilicapowderusedinthisstudywassynthesizedviathesol-gelmethod.Inthismethod,theprecursormaterials,namelyzirconium(IV)propoxideandtetraethylorthosilicate,weremixedinanalcoholsolventsolutionunderconstantstirringatroomtemperature.Thesolutionwasthenhydrolyzedwiththeadditionofasmallamountofwaterandethanol,followedbyagingfor24hoursat50°C.Theresultinggelwasdriedat80°Cfor24hours,andthencalcinedinamufflefurnaceat600°Cfor3hourstoobtainthezirconiasilicapowder.

C.Wetballmillingprocess

Thewetballmillingprocesswascarriedoutinaplanetaryballmill(QM-3SP2,NanjingUniversityInstrumentCo.,Ltd.,China)withzirconiaballs(diameterof5mm)asthegrindingmedia.Thezirconiasilicapowder(10g)wasaddedtoa250mLzirconiajarwith100mLofdistilledwater,and2%ofdifferenttypesandconcentrationsofgrindingaidswereaddedtothejar.Thejarwasthenplacedontheballmillingmachineandsubjectedtogrindingataspeedof400rpmfor4hours.

D.Characterizationtechniques

Theparticlesizedistributionandmorphologyofthegroundzirconiasilicaparticleswerecharacterizedusinglaserparticlesizeanalyzer(MalvernMastersizer3000)andfieldemissionscanningelectronmicroscopy(FESEM,JEOLJSM-6700F),respectively.BeforeFESEManalysis,thesamplewascoatedwithathinlayerofgoldtoenhancethecontrastandconductivity.

E.Conclusion

Theexperimentalmethodologypresentedinthischapterprovidesadetaileddescriptionofthepreparationofthezirconiasilicapowder,thewetballmillingprocess,andthecharacterizationtechniquesusedtoevaluatetheparticlesizedistributionandmorphologyofthegroundparticles.Themethodologyprovidesabasisfortheinvestigationoftheeffectofdifferenttypesandconcentrationsofgrindingaidsontheefficiencyofwetballmillingofsuperfinezirconiasilica,andenablestheidentificationoftheoptimalgrindingaidforuseinlarge-scaleproduction.IV.ResultsandDiscussion

A.Introduction

Inthischapter,theresultsoftheinvestigationintotheeffectofdifferenttypesandconcentrationsofgrindingaidsontheefficiencyofwetballmillingofsuperfinezirconiasilicaarepresentedanddiscussed.Theresultsarebasedontheparticlesizedistributionandmorphologyofthegroundzirconiasilicaparticles.

B.Particlesizedistributionanalysis

Theparticlesizedistributionanalysisofthegroundzirconiasilicaparticleswascarriedoutusingalaserparticlesizeanalyzer,andtheresultsareshowninFigure1.Theparticlesizedistributioncurvesforthesampleswithoutgrindingaidsandwithdifferenttypesandconcentrationsofgrindingaidsareshowninthechart.

ItcanbeseenfromFigure1thattheadditionofgrindingaidsresultedinasignificantreductionintheparticlesizeofthegroundzirconiasilicaparticles.Theparticlesizedistributioncurvesshiftedtowardssmallerparticlesizes,indicatingamoreuniformparticlesizedistribution.Amongallthegrindingaidsexamined,TIPAexhibitedthehighestefficiencyinreducingtheparticlesize,followedbyTEAandPEG.Inaddition,itwasfoundthattheefficiencyofthedifferenttypesofgrindingaidsincreasedwithincreasingconcentration.

C.Morphologyanalysis

ThemorphologyofthegroundzirconiasilicaparticleswasanalyzedusingFESEM,andtherepresentativeimagesofparticlesofthesampleswithoutgrindingaidsandwithdifferenttypesandconcentrationsofgrindingaidsareshowninFigure2.

ItcanbeseenfromFigure2thattheadditionofgrindingaidssignificantlychangedthemorphologyofthegroundzirconiasilicaparticles.Withoutgrindingaids,theparticlesexhibitedirregularshapesandlargesizes,withmanyparticlesagglomeratedtogether.Incontrast,theadditionofgrindingaidsresultedintheformationofsmaller,moreuniformandsphericalparticles,withlessagglomerationobserved.Furthermore,thesurfaceoftheparticleswasfoundtobesmootherandmorehomogeneouswiththeadditionofgrindingaids,indicatingareducedlevelofsurfacedefects.

D.Discussion

Theresultsindicatethattheadditionofgrindingaidscansignificantlyimprovetheefficiencyofwetballmillingofsuperfinezirconiasilica.Theeffectappearedtobedependentonboththetypeandconcentrationofthegrindingaid,withTIPAexhibitingthehighestefficiencyinreducingtheparticlesizedistribution.Theimprovedparticlesizedistributionisattributedtotheabilityofthegrindingaidstofacilitatethebreakageofaggregatesandpreventthere-agglomerationofparticlesduringthewetballmillingprocess.Thechangeinmorphologyisattributedtotheimproveddispersionoftheparticles,resultinginamoreuniformandsphericalshape.

E.Conclusion

Fromtheresultsobtainedinthisstudy,itcanbeconcludedthattheadditionofgrindingaidscansignificantlyimprovetheefficiencyofwetballmillingofsuperfinezirconiasilica.Thetypeandconcentrationofthegrindingaidplayanimportantroleindeterminingtheefficiency,withTIPAexhibitingthehighestefficiencyinreducingtheparticlesizedistribution.Theimprovedefficiencyisattributedtotheabilityofthegrindingaidstofacilitatethebreakageofaggregatesandpreventthere-agglomerationofparticlesduringthewetballmillingprocess.V.ConclusionandFutureWork

A.Conclusion

Inconclusion,wehaveinvestigatedtheeffectofdifferenttypesandconcentrationsofgrindingaidsontheefficiencyofwetballmillingofsuperfinezirconiasilica.Theresultsindicatethattheadditionofgrindingaidscansignificantlyimprovetheefficiencyofthewetballmillingprocess,withTIPAexhibitingthehighestefficiencyinreducingtheparticlesizedistribution.Theimprovedefficiencyisattributedtotheabilityofthegrindingaidstobreakdownaggregatesandpreventthere-agglomerationofparticlesduringthemillingprocess.Additionally,themorphologyoftheparticleswasfoundtobemoreuniformandsphericalwiththeadditionofgrindingaids,indicatingimproveddispersion.

B.FutureWork

Thisstudyfocusedontheeffectofdifferenttypesandconcentrationsofgrindingaidsontheefficiencyofwetballmillingofsuperfinezirconiasilica.Inthefuture,thefollowingopportunitiesforfurtherresearchcanbeexplored:

1.Investigationofothertypesofgrindingaids:Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedonlythreetypesofgrindingaids.Therearemanyothertypesofgrindingaids,andtheefficiencyofthesecouldbeinvestigate