2021屆湖南省高三8月百校聯(lián)考英語試題（解析版）

高三英語試卷注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.1.Whatcoffeedoesthemanwant?A.Whitecoffee.B.Blackcoffee.C.Coffeewithmilk.2.What'sthematterwiththewoman?A.Sheislate.B.Shefeelshungry.C.Shefeelssick.3.HowdoesJohnfeelnow?A.Bad.B.Good.C.Excited.4.Wherearethespeakersgoing?A.Azoo.B.Apark.C.Arestaurant.5.WhatwillBruce'schildrendothisweekend?A.Workonthewoman'sfarm.B.PerformintheGrandTheater.C.Playwiththewoman'sdaughter.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B.C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atahotel.B.Atacafe.C.Onthephone.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Colleagues.C.Husbandandwife.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthetrip?A.Tiring.B.Exciting.C.Disappointing.9.HowmanydaysdidthemanstayinAustralia?A.14days.B.20days.C.30days.聽第8段材料?；卮鸬?0至12題。10.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Shoppingforfood.B.Applyingforajob.C.Receivinganinterview.11.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutWeChatPay?A.Unsafe.B.Troublesome.C.Convenient.12.Whatdoesthewomanmostcareaboutwhenshopping?A.Quality.B.Price.C.Style.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatdoesthemanthinkofhistimewithLinda?A.Itwasinteresting.B.Itwasunpleasant.C.Itwasrelaxing.14.WhatisLindalike?A.Impolite.B.Lovely.C.Silent.15.WhydoesthewomanknowLindasowell?A.ShetaughtLindafortwoyears.B.SheoncelivedwithLinda.C.ShewasLinda'sneighbor.16.WhatdoweknowaboutLinda'sparents?A.TheyspendmuchtimewithLinda.B.TheyoftenteachLindagoodmanners.C.Theyaretoobusy.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howmanycitiesarementionedinthetext?A.Four.B.Five.C.Six18.WhichcityhasEurope'sbiggestshoppingmall?A.Berlin.B.Paris.C.Rome.19.WhichwordbestdescribesBerlin'stemperature?A.High.B.Pleasant.C.Low.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.ToshowBerlinisagoodplaceforholiday.B.Totellushowtospendholiday.C.Tointroduceseveralplacesforholiday.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文。從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATogetfromNewYorkCity(NYC)toChicago,thereareseveraltransportationoptions.Considertheprosandconsofeachoptiontochoosethebestoneforyou.TimeCostBestforTrain20hoursfrom$70seeingsceneryFlight3hoursfrom$48,butvarieswidelygettingtherequicklyBus19hoursfrom$38travelersonabudgetCar12hoursfrom$60stoppingforattractionsBytrainTravelingbytrainfromNYCtoChicagoisarelativelylongjourney.TrainsgofromPennStationinManhattantoUnionStation.TherouteisservicedbyAmtrak,viatheLakeShoreLimitedorCardinaltoChicagoorbychangingtrainseitherinWashington,D.C.orPittsburgh.YoucanpurchaseticketsinadvancebyAmtrakorinpersonatPennStation.ByplaneFlyingtoChicagoisthefastestandmostconvenientwaytotraveltherefromNYC.ThemajorcarriersincludeJetBlue,Delta,United,andAmericanAirlines,aswellasbudgetcarriersincludingSouthwestandSpiritAirlines.BybusBusservicefromNYCtoChicagoisalongjourney,too.GreyhoundistheonlypanythatservicesthisrouteandbusesdepartfromPortAuthorityBusTerminalinManhattanandarriveatUnionStation.ThesebusesofferWi-Fiservice.BycarYou'lldrivethroughNewJersey,Pennsylvania,andOhio,andthenalongtheMichiganandIndianaborderuntilyougoaroundthesoutherntipofLakeMichiganandbackupintoChicago.Whilethistripislong,themostsignificantadvantageoftravelingbycaristhatthereareafewinterestingplacestostopalongtheway.1.HowshouldyougotoChicagofromNYCifyouwanttosavemoney?A.Bytrain. B.Byplane. C.Bybus. D.Bycar.2.AtwhichplacecanyoubuytrainticketstoChicago?A.UnionStation. B.PennStation. C.Delta. D.Greyhound.3.WhatistheadvantageofdrivingtoChicagofromNYC?A.Savingmoremoney.B.Spendinglesstime.C.Stoppingtoenjoyscenery.D.StayinginNYCforalongtime.【答案】1.C2.B3.C【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了從紐約城到芝加哥的幾種交通方式?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中Cost一欄的對比可知，乘坐巴士去芝加哥是最省錢的。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句“YoucanpurchaseticketsinadvancebyAmtrakorinpersonatPennStation.”（您可以提前在美國鐵路公司買票或親自到賓州火車站購票。）可知，人們可以在PennStation購買火車票。故選B項。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一句“Whilethistripislong,themostsignificantadvantageoftravelingbycaristhatthereareafewinterestingplacestostopalongtheway.”（沿著這條路，開車旅行最重要的優(yōu)勢就是，沿途有幾個有趣的地方可以停下來（欣賞）。）可知，開車去芝加哥的最大好處是能停車欣賞沿途的風(fēng)景。故選C項。BIjusthadasnowstormthatpiledupeightinchesofsnow.Ittrulywasawinterwonderland,andtherewaswhitebeautyeverywhere.SinceIdidn'thaveanythingtodothatday,Ireallyenjoyedit.Butthenthesecondsnowstormarrivedthatnight,pilingadditionalinchesofsnowontopofthesnowbanksthatwerealreadythere.Andthenontheeveningnews,theweathercastgaveusanoticethatstillanothersnowstormwasheadedourway.ThenIfeltdespondent.Ihadthingstodoandplacestogo.Afterdaysofbeingsnowbound,IfeltlikeIwasunderhousearrest.Iwasstuck.Aplacestuckisn'tafunplacetobe,whetherit'sfromasnowstormorfromlifecircumstancessuchasabadrelationship,billsthatseemtotoweroverourheads,orsituationswhereweseenowayout.Allofuswillfeelstuckatonetimeoranother,butit'showwerespondthatmakesthedifference.IhadafriendnamedHannah.Shewasstuckintheheartbreakingworldofinfertility(不孕).Shelongedforachildmorethananything.Insteadofacceptingdefeat,sheactedsincerely.ThinkaboutNelsonMandelainadarkprison.Itwasaseeminglyhopelessplace,butinsteadofbeingdepressedorbitter,hekeptfightingforfreedom.Yes,hekeptfightingtogetthesuccess.Circumstancescannotdefineus,butourreactionsdo.Eachofthosemenandwomenlearnedimportantlessonsintheir"stuck"situations,andwecanaswell.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"despondent"inparagraph2mean?A.Unhappy. B.Unusual. C.Ambitious. D.Energetic.5.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Introducesomebackgroundinformation.D.Formaconnectinglinkofthecontext.6.WhydoestheauthormentionHannahandNelsonMandela?A.Tointroducetwogreatcelebrities.B.Tointroducethewaytobefamous.C.Toshowtheirdifferentcircumstances.D.Toshowhowtorespondtodifficultsituations.7.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.Don'tbedefeatedbyfailureB.Don'tbetrappedbysnowC.EnjoythewhitebeautyD.Keepcalminthewinter【答案】4.A5.D6.D7.B【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述，作者曾經(jīng)被大雪困住，無法外出。他從這件事到了對待人生應(yīng)該持有的態(tài)度——樂觀勇敢地面對困境?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。由第二段中的“Ihadthingstodoandplacestogo.Afterdaysofbeingsnowbound,IfeltlikeIwasunderhousearrest.Iwasstuck.”（我有事情要做，有地方要去。在被大雪困了好幾天之后，我覺得自己被軟禁起來了。我被卡住了。）可知作者感覺自己像是被軟禁了，說明當(dāng)時作者是不開心的(despondent)。故選A項。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。文章前兩段介紹了作者被大雪困住的遭遇，而文章第四段和第五段就如何應(yīng)對困境進(jìn)行了闡述。另外，第三段介紹了人們在現(xiàn)實生活中可能遇見的困境，屬于過渡段落，起著承上啟下的作用。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第四段“IhadafriendnamedHannah.Shewasstuckintheheartbreakingworldofinfertility(不孕).Shelongedforachildmorethananything.Insteadofacceptingdefeat,sheactedsincerely.ThinkaboutNelsonMandelainadarkprison.Itwasaseeminglyhopelessplace,butinsteadofbeingdepressedorbitter,hekeptfightingforfreedom.Yes,hekeptfightingtogetthesuccess.”（我有個朋友叫漢娜。她被困在令人心碎的不孕世界里，她最渴望的是一個孩子。她沒有接受失敗，反而表現(xiàn)得很誠懇。想想納爾遜·曼德拉在黑暗的監(jiān)獄里。這是一個看似絕望的地方，但他沒有變得沮喪或痛苦，而是繼續(xù)為自由而戰(zhàn)。是的，他一直在努力爭取成功。）可知第四段介紹了兩個樂觀勇敢面對困境的例子。故選D項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。文章前兩段介紹了作者被大雪困住的遭遇（大雪在這里指困境），第三段介紹了人們在現(xiàn)實生活中可能遇見的困境，第四段和第五段就如何應(yīng)對困境進(jìn)行了闡述,作者通過講述自己遇雪的經(jīng)歷和所舉的例子，告訴大家要樂觀勇敢地面對困境，B項“別被雪困住”符合文意。故選B項。CInanewstudypublishedontheJournalofAuianBiology,researchersattheNationalAutonomousUniversityofMexicotrackedthebehaviorofhousefinches(雀)onthemaincampusoftheuniversity,inMexicoCity.Theteamcreatedanartificialnestlining(內(nèi)襯),whichincludesfeathers,cotton,hairandcigaretteends.Then,afterthebirds'eggshadhatched,theyreplacedtheoriginalliningwiththenewone,tomakesurethenestswerepestfree.Theresearchersthenaddedlivetickstothemix,whiledeadtickswereaddedtootherlinings.Itseemsthaturbanhousefinchesusemorecigaretteendstolinetheirnestswhenthey'vebeeninvadedbyticks.And,thosewhosenestsweregivenliveticksincreasedtheircigaretteendweightbyabout40percentmorethanthosewheredeadtickshadbeenused,accordingtoNewScientist.Thetechniqueislikelyaformofself-medication,theexpertsexplain,asit'sthoughtthatthechemicalsincigaretteendscanhelptokeepoffthepests.Whilethisbehaviormayhaveitsbenefits,theresearcherssayit'salsopossiblethattheuseofcigaretteendsinthenestscouldhavenegativeeffects."Itisamatterofconcernthatcigaretteends,beingpoisonous,arepartofhousefinchnestsinMexicoCity,"theauthorsexplaininthepaper,"butwehavenoteacrossevidenceoflong-termcostsofusingthismaterial."Accordingtotheresearchers,athoroughevaluationwillbenecessarytodeterminetherealeffectsofusingcigaretteends,whethertheyarepositiveornot.Buttheyexplain,thefindingsdosuggestthatthecigaretteendsarelinkedtothepresenceofticksandlikelyplayaroleinkeepingthemaway.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"themix"inparagraph2referto?A.Theformernests. B.Theartificiallining.C.Thecigaretteends. D.Theoriginallining.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thefindingsoftheexperiment. B.Theapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Thetheoryrelatedtotherecentresearch. D.Thereasonsforhousefinchesusingcigaretteends.10Whatdidhousefinchesdowhenlivetickswerefoundintheirnests?A.Eatthemout. B.Dustthemoff.C.Buildfirmernests. D.Usemorecigaretteends.11.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetothestudy?A.Skeptical. B.Conservative. C.Objective. D.Tolerant.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】本文是說明文。研究表明，家雀用煙蒂筑巢能有效地防御壁虱的侵?jǐn)_，但同時這也存在一定的危害?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文Theteamcreatedanartificialnestlining(內(nèi)襯),whichincludesfeathers,cotton,hairandcigaretteends.Then,afterthebirds'eggshadhatched,theyreplacedtheoriginalliningwiththenewone,tomakesurethenestswerepestfree.可知，這個團(tuán)隊創(chuàng)造的人工內(nèi)襯是羽毛、棉花、毛發(fā)和煙蒂的混合物。然后，在鳥蛋孵化后，他們用新的內(nèi)襯替換原來的，以確保鳥巢沒有害蟲。故畫線部分是指替換過后的人工內(nèi)襯。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段Itseemsthaturbanhousefinchesusemorecigaretteendstolinetheirnestswhenthey'vebeeninvadedbyticks.And,thosewhosenestsweregivenliveticksincreasedtheircigaretteendweightbyabout40percentmorethanthosewheredeadtickshadbeenused,accordingtoNewScientist.Thetechniqueislikelyaformofself-medication,theexpertsexplain,asit'sthoughtthatthechemicalsincigaretteendscanhelptokeepoffthepests.可知似乎城市家雀在被壁虱入侵的時候會用更多的煙頭來筑巢。而且，根據(jù)《新科學(xué)家》的研究，那些有活的壁虱的蟻巢比那些有死的壁虱的蟻巢增加了40%的煙頭。專家解釋說，這種技術(shù)可能是一種自我治療，因為人們認(rèn)為煙頭中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)有助于趕走害蟲。由此可知，第三段主要介紹了壁虱放人不同類型的雀巢后的實驗結(jié)果。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Itseemsthaturbanhousefinchesusemorecigaretteendstolinetheirnestswhenthey'vebeeninvadedbyticks.可知似乎城市家雀在被壁虱入侵的時候會用更多的煙頭來筑巢。由此可知，當(dāng)壁虱侵襲雀巢時，家雀會使用更多的煙蒂來筑巢。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。文章主要客觀描述了家雀用煙蒂筑巢的優(yōu)點和存在的負(fù)面影響，沒有摻雜作者的主觀情感，由此可推知，作者對此研究持客觀的態(tài)度。故選C。DCarscouldsoonbemunicatingwitheachotherusing5Gtomakedriversawareofupingdangers,scientistsclaim.Theultra-fastmobileInternetwouldallowforrapidinformationtransmissionandcouldmakedriversawareofblackice,potholesorotherdangersupahead.Severalcarmanufacturersarealreadyintegrating5Gintotheirvehicles,includingasatooltoweletheingofself-drivingvehicles.Expertsbelievethehigh-speedconnectionwillalsoimprovethereliabilityandcapabilityofautomatedvehiclestothepointwheretheywillbesaferthanthemanualcarsbeingdriventoday.Theypredictthenumberofroadtrafficaccidents—whichaccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)accountformorethan1.3milliondeathsandupto50millionpeopleinjuredworldwideeveryyear—willdropthoroughlyasaresult.DrDimitriosLiarokapis,amemberoftheresearchgroup,said:"Withthehelpof5G,anearlywarningsystemthatalerts(給……報警）driversispossiblewithinthenextfewyears.Carsthatarecloseenoughtothedangerareawillsendwarningmessagestoothercarsaroundthemusingshort-rangemunicationtechnologies,butalsotocarsfurtherawayusing5G,fastandreliably.Thenthosecarswilltransmitthesameinformationtocarsnearthemandsoon,formingajoined-up,multi-vehiclemunicationchainthatstretchesfarandwide."AutomotivegiantFordisalreadyworkingonconnectedcars.Earlierthisyearitrevealeditsintentiontofit80percentofits2020vehicleswithtechnologythatwarnsdriversaboutupingroadaccidents,badweatherandtrafficjams.Thesystempoolsdatafromotherconnectedroadusers,emergencyservicesandtheauthoritiesandsendsitfromtheclouddirectlytothecar.Alertsareshownonthecar'sdashboarddisplaywarningthedriveraboutwhatliesaroundthecorner.12.Howcan5Ghelpreduceroadaccidents?A.ByofferingthefastmobileInternet.B.Byhelpingdriversoveredangers.C.Byofferingpracticalsafetyprograms.D.ByhelpingWHOcalculatetrafficaccidents.13.Whatisthefunctionofthemunicationchain?A.Totrackotherdrivers.B.Tosendwarningmessages.C.Tocollectdrivers'information.D.Tosendthetrafficsituationtothepolice.14.Whatcanweexpectofthecarsinthefuture?A.Theywillbesafer.B.Theymaybebigger.C.Theymayreplaceothervehicles.D.Theywillbemorepersonalized.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.CarsofFordarethemostintelligent.B.Warningmessagesareshownonphones.C.Fordisthefirstproducertouse5G.D.Connectedcarsareequippedwith5G.【答案】12.A13.B14.A15.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了，5G能幫助車輛快速地傳播路況信息，讓駕駛員提前了解潛在的危險，因此使駕駛更加安全?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句“Theultra-fastmobileInternetwouldallowforrapidinformationtransmissionandcouldmakedriversawareofblackice,potholesorotherdangersupahead.”（超快的移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將允許快速的信息傳輸，并能讓駕駛員意識到前方的黑冰、坑洞或其他危險。）可知5G通過提供快速移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)（thefastmobileInternet）使駕駛員能知道前方的危險，以減少交通事故。故選A項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Withthehelpof5G,anearlywarningsystemthatalerts(給……報警）driversispossiblewithinthenextfewyears.Carsthatarecloseenoughtothedangerareawillsendwarningmessagestoothercarsaroundthemusingshort-rangemunicationtechnologies,butalsotocarsfurtherawayusing5G,fastandreliably.Thenthosecarswilltransmitthesameinformationtocarsnearthemandsoon,formingajoined-up,multi-vehiclemunicationchainthatstretchesfarandwide.”（在5G的幫助下，未來幾年內(nèi)，一個提醒駕駛員的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)是可能的。距離危險區(qū)域足夠近的車輛將使用短程通信技術(shù)向周圍的其他車輛發(fā)送警告信息，但也會使用5G快速可靠地向更遠(yuǎn)的車輛發(fā)送警告信息。然后，這些汽車將把同樣的信息傳送到附近的汽車上，以此類推，形成一個連接起來的多車通信鏈，延伸到很遠(yuǎn)很遠(yuǎn)的地方。）可知，在5G技術(shù)的幫助下，一個汽車警報系統(tǒng)就可以建立起來，駕駛員將通過它來傳遞道路消息，從而形成一個聯(lián)合的、多輛車之間的交流鏈(municationchain)。故選B項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段最后一句“Theultra-fastmobileInternetwouldallowforrapidinformationtransmissionandcouldmakedriversawareofblackice,potholesorotherdangersupahead.”（超快的移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將允許快速的信息傳輸，并能讓駕駛員意識到前方的黑冰、坑洞或其他危險。），第二段中的“Expertsbelievethehigh-speedconnectionwillalsoimprovethereliabilityandcapabilityofautomatedvehiclestothepointwheretheywillbesaferthanthemanualcarsbeingdriventoday.”（專家認(rèn)為，高速連接還將提高自動化車輛的可靠性和能力，使其比今天駕駛的手動汽車更安全。）和第四段中的“AutomotivegiantFordisalreadyworkingonconnectedcars.Earlierthisyearitrevealeditsintentiontofit80percentofits2020vehicleswithtechnologythatwarnsdriversaboutupingroadaccidents,badweatherandtrafficjams.”（汽車巨頭福特已經(jīng)在研發(fā)聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車。今年早些時候，該公司透露，打算在2020年的80%的汽車上安裝一項技術(shù)，警告駕駛員即將發(fā)生的交通事故、惡劣天氣和交通堵塞。）可推斷出未來汽車更安全。故選A項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段“AutomotivegiantFordisalreadyworkingonconnectedcars.Earlierthisyearitrevealeditsintentiontofit80percentofits2020vehicleswithtechnologythatwarnsdriversaboutupingroadaccidents,badweatherandtrafficjams.Thesystempoolsdatafromotherconnectedroadusers,emergencyservicesandtheauthoritiesandsendsitfromtheclouddirectlytothecar.Alertsareshownonthecar'sdashboarddisplaywarningthedriveraboutwhatliesaroundthecorner.”（汽車巨頭福特已經(jīng)在研發(fā)聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車。今年早些時候，該公司透露，打算在2020年的80%的汽車上安裝一項技術(shù)，警告駕駛員即將發(fā)生的交通事故、惡劣天氣和交通堵塞。該系統(tǒng)匯集了來自其他聯(lián)網(wǎng)道路用戶、緊急服務(wù)部門和當(dāng)局的數(shù)據(jù)，并將其從云端直接發(fā)送到汽車上。汽車的儀表盤顯示屏上會顯示警報，提醒駕駛員拐角處有什么東西。），可知福特公司正在研發(fā)聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車，而這些汽車和上文介紹的那些汽車一樣具有傳播道路信息的功能，由此推出，這些聯(lián)網(wǎng)汽車應(yīng)該也裝有5G。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Therearelotsofthingstopayattentiontowhenthenewschoolyearstarts.Althoughitisexcitingforstudents,thisyearlytransitioncanalsobeabigsourceofstress.___16___Herearesomewaystomakeyourback-to-schoolexperienceassmoothaspossible.Getorganized.___17___Youcansetupasystemthatyoucanuserightfromthebeginningoftheterm.Somestudentsfindthatacolorfulbinder(活頁夾）helpsthemkeepalltheirassignmentsinorder.Othersmightbenefitfromkeepingaweeklyplaninanotebook.Makeaschedule.Outlineadailyplanforschoolprojects,socialeventsandactivities.Makesureyourecordyourassignmentsinthesameplaceeveryweek.Next,wesuggestseparatingassignmentsintosmaller,manageablesteps,andthenorderingthosestepsaccordingtotheprojectduedate.___18___Finally,thesestepswillhelpyoulearnthetimemanagementskills.___19___Oneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandotoensureagreatschoolyearistounderstandhowyoulearnbest.Somechildrenabsorbinformationbylistening;otherstudentsdobestwheninformationisconveyedvisuallythroughchartsorillustrations.Remembertotakebreaks.___20___Astimegoesby,theyalsoseemtogetfuller.Don'tforgettobuildbreaksintoyourroutine.Evenatwo-minutewalkaroundthehouseorquicksnackcanworkwondersforabusybrain.Weallneedtotakemomentstoresetourminds.A.Identifyyourlearningstyle.B.Focusonthemosteffectivetime.C.Youcanjoinafamousorganization.D.Makesureyourstudyisfreeofthemess.E.Thebeginningoftheyearcanfeelgoodforeveryone.F.Luckilyyoucandealwithitwellthroughsomeefforts.G.Youcanusetheplantomanagedailyhomeworkandstudytime.【答案】16.F17.D18.G19.A20.E【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾個在新學(xué)期開學(xué)前做好準(zhǔn)備的方法?！?6題詳解】前一句提到“新學(xué)期開始前的過渡期可能會給學(xué)生帶來壓力”，后一句引出下文“這里有幾種方法”。F選項符合文義，屬于過渡句，句意是“幸運的是，通過一些努力，你可以很好地應(yīng)對這些壓力”。故選F?！?7題詳解】本段主旨大意是“在開學(xué)前，把與學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的事情都安排好”，這也就要求學(xué)生做到“不能讓學(xué)習(xí)雜亂”；結(jié)合選項可知，選項D.Makesureyourstudyisfreeofthemess.確保你的書房沒有亂七八糟的東西，與本段的主旨表示的意思一致。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段Makeaschedule.Outlineadailyplanforschoolprojects,socialeventsandactivities.可知，作者建議制定時間表。為項目、社會活動和活動制定每日計劃；結(jié)合選項可知，選項G項的“theplan”和上文的“adailyplan”相呼應(yīng)，符合題意。故選G?！?9題詳解】本段主要講了不同的學(xué)生有不同的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格，那么確定適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格就顯得格外重要。結(jié)合選項可知，選項A.Identifyyourlearningstyle.確定你的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格,與本段描述的內(nèi)容意義一致。故選A。【20題詳解】根據(jù)后一句Astimegoesby,theyalsoseemtogetfuller.可知，隨著時間的推移，人們似乎也越來忙碌，這和E項“一年的開始對于大家來說都是美好的”形成對比。故選E。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Atsixteen,Iwasseriouslyhurtinmybackandhadanoperation.Elevenmonthsaftertheoperation,whileplayingbaseball,Itookonebad___21___andknewtheoperationhad___22___SoIhadanotheroperation.EverydayIam___23___thateachstepItakecanbethewrongoneandthatIwillfaceanother___24___.Yet.inspiteoftheconstantfear,Ihavelearnedsomethingvery___25___.Theexperiencehastaughtmetoregarddifficultiesas___26___ratherthanreasonstoquit.Ihave___27___playingbaseballthroughmyentirelife.Throughoutthelastthreeyears,Ihavetriedtoplaybaseball___28___,butIwasremindedthatIcouldn'tplayanymore.Tobeabletobeonthe___29___,Itriedbeingamanagerandscorekeeper.Mylastsummerwasspentwithoutexcitement.Icouldn'tdofunthingssittinginanarmchairsothatmybackcould___30___.Therefore,Ithoughtofmy___31___.Ihaverealizedmyacademiclifeisthe___32___Iamnotthesmarteststudent,butIam___33___ineachoftheseacademicareas.___34___mybackinjury,Ihavelearnedtostudywithfocus.Mysecondgoalisto___35___thepreviousstate:beingathletic,strongandreadyforanychallenge.21.A.temper B.position C.swing D.rest22.A.failed B.ended C.begun D.continued23.A.ashamed B.worried C.confused D.depressed24.A.chance B.lesson C.surgery D.punishment25.A.strange B.tough C.pitiful D.important26.A.technology B.motivation C.choices D.solutions27.A.risked B.regretted C.abandoned D.enjoyed28.A.again B.too C.firmly D.easily29.A.way B.team C.line D.list30.A.recover B.survive C.suffer D.tolerate31.A.achievements B.wishes C.goals D.experiences32.A.proof B.progress C.priority D.process33.A.poor B.skillful C.honest D.disappointed34.A.Without B.Besides C.Insteadof D.Thanksto35.A.regain B.challenge C.practise D.guide【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.C25.D26.B27.D28.A29.B30.A31.C32.C33.B34.D35.A【解析】本文是記敘文。作者在16歲時，由于背部受傷，做了手術(shù)。而手術(shù)后一次糟糕的揮球?qū)е率中g(shù)失敗，讓從小熱愛棒球的他幾年內(nèi)無法再打棒球。但他并沒有氣餒，而是從中悟出了要堅定自我，不放棄的人生哲理?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：手術(shù)11個月后，在打棒球的時候，我做出了一次糟糕的揮球，然后我就知道手術(shù)失敗了。A.temper脾氣；B.position位置；C.swing揮球；D.rest休息。根據(jù)上文whileplayingbaseball可知作者術(shù)后11個月再次去打棒球，做出了一次糟糕的揮球(swing)。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：手術(shù)11個月后，在打棒球的時候，我做出了一次糟糕的揮球，然后我就知道手術(shù)失敗了。A.failed失??；B.ended結(jié)束；C.begun開始；D.continued繼續(xù)。根據(jù)下文的“SoIhadanotheroperation”可知，這次糟糕的揮球?qū)е率中g(shù)失敗了(failed)。故選A。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每天我都在擔(dān)心我走的每動一步都可能是錯的，擔(dān)心我將面臨另一個手術(shù)。A.ashamed羞愧的；B.worried擔(dān)心的；C.confused困惑的；D.depressed沮喪的。根據(jù)下文的“inspiteoftheconstantfear”可知，作者經(jīng)常擔(dān)心(worried)。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每天我都在擔(dān)心我走的每動一步都可能是錯的，擔(dān)心我將面臨另一個手術(shù)。A.chance機(jī)會；B.lesson課程；C.surgery外科手術(shù)；D.punishment懲罰。結(jié)合上文中knewtheoperationhad可知作者11個月前做了一次手術(shù)，這次揮球?qū)е铝耸中g(shù)失敗，所以作者擔(dān)心自己每動一下都會導(dǎo)致要面對另一次手術(shù)(surgery)。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，盡管不斷感到恐懼，我還是學(xué)到了一些非常重要的東西。A.strange奇怪的；B.tough艱苦的；C.pitiful可憐的；D.important重要的。根據(jù)下文Theexperiencehastaughtmetoregarddifficulties可知，作者學(xué)到了重要的(important)東西。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這段經(jīng)歷讓我學(xué)會了把困難當(dāng)成動力而不是放棄的理由。A.technology技術(shù)；B.motivation動力；C.choices選擇；D.solutions解決方案。根據(jù)下文的“ratherthanreasonstoquit”可知，作者把挫折看成是前進(jìn)的動力(motivation)而不是放棄的理由。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我一生都很喜歡打棒球。A.risked冒險；B.regretted后悔；C.abandoned拋棄；D.enjoyed喜歡。根據(jù)下文playingbaseballthroughmyentirelife可知，作者喜歡(enjoyed)棒球這項運動。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在過去的三年里，我試圖再次打棒球，但我被提醒我不能再打球了。A.again又，再一次；B.too也；C.firmly堅定地；D.easily容易地。結(jié)合上文Throughoutthelastthreeyears,Ihavetriedtoplaybaseball可知手術(shù)后作者想再次(again)打自己喜歡的棒球，但被告知不能打。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了能夠成為球隊的一員，我嘗試做一名經(jīng)理和記分員。A.way方法；B.team隊伍；C.line路線；D.list清單。根據(jù)下文的“Itriedbeingamanagerandscorekeeper”可知，作者想再次歸隊(team)。故選B。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不能坐在扶手椅上做一些有趣的事情來恢復(fù)我的背部。A.recover恢復(fù)；B.survive幸存；C.suffer遭受；D.tolerate忍受。上文講到作者被告知不能打球，所以他整個夏天都坐在椅子上，等待背部手術(shù)后的恢復(fù)(recover)。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我想到了我的目標(biāo)。A.achievements成就；B.wishes希望；C.goals目標(biāo)；D.experiences經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)下文中Mysecondgoal可知此處指作者有兩個目標(biāo)。故選C。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我意識到我的學(xué)業(yè)是要優(yōu)先考慮的事。我不是最聰明的學(xué)生，但我在這些學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域都很熟練。A.proof證明；B.progress過程；C.priority優(yōu)先考慮的事，優(yōu)先權(quán)；D.process過程。作者動了手術(shù)后，無法再打棒球，所以學(xué)業(yè)就成了他優(yōu)先考慮的事(priority)。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我意識到我的學(xué)業(yè)是要優(yōu)先考慮的事。我不是最聰明的學(xué)生，但我在這些學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域都很擅長。A.poor貧窮的；B.skillful擅長的，熟練的；C.honest誠實的；D.disappointed失望的。上文中but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明作者雖然不是最聰明的學(xué)生，但他擅長(skillful)每一門功課。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：由于背部受傷，我學(xué)會了專注地學(xué)習(xí)。A.Without除了；B.Besides而且；C.Insteadof而不是；D.Thanksto由于，因為。作者之所以能夠?qū)ＷW(xué)習(xí)，是因為(Thanksto)他做了這個背部手術(shù)。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的第二個目標(biāo)是恢復(fù)以前的狀態(tài)：運動，強(qiáng)壯，準(zhǔn)備好迎接任何挑戰(zhàn)。A.regain恢復(fù)；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.practise練習(xí)；D.guide指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)后文thepreviousstate可知作者第二個目標(biāo)是恢復(fù)(regain)狀態(tài)，能勇敢地面對任何挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinaplanstopletetheconstructionofaspacestationandhave___36___putintooperationaround2022,saidZhouJianping.thechiefdesignerofChina'smannedspaceprogram,ataforum(論壇）____37____(hold)insouthChina'sGuangdongProvince.Thespacestation____38____(design)toweigh100tonnesandacmodatethreeastronauts,____39____couldbeenlargedifneeded,accordingtoZhou.“ThemaingoaloftheconstructionofthespacestationistoenableChinatobeeacountry____40____(independent)masteringthetechnologyforlong-termmannedflightinnear-Earthspace,andhavingthecapabilitytocarryoutlong-termmannedscientific___41___(experiment)innear-Earthspaceandprehensivedevelopmentandutilization(利用）ofspaceresources,”____42____(say)Zhouatthe4thChinaSummitForumonHumanFactorsEngineering,whichwasheldatSunYat-senUniversityfromSaturdaytoSunday.ThespacestationwillbebuiltasChina'smainplatformforspacescienceresearch,_____43_____theintentionofmasteringthetechnologiesinconstructingand___44___(operate)largespacefacilities,thetechnologiesthatguaranteelifeandhealthofastronautswhooftenflyinorbit,andtheconstructionofa_____45_____(nation)spacelab,accordingtoZhou.【答案】36.it37.held38.wasdesigned39.which40.independently41.experiments42.said43.with44.operating45.national【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講的是中國修建太空站的一些事情。包括計劃投入運營的時間、太空站的設(shè)計理念，以及修建太空站的目的和意義等等?！?6題詳解】考查代詞。句意：周建平表示，中國計劃完成一個空間站的建設(shè)，并在2022年左右投入運行?？崭袂盀閯釉~have(讓）,其后缺少賓語，空格后為動詞短語的過去分詞形式putintooperation(被……投入使用），此處為固定搭配havesthdone(讓某物/某事被做）。結(jié)合空格前提及單數(shù)形式的名詞短語spacestation(太空站），故答案為it?！?7題詳解】考查過去分詞作定語。句意：…中國載人航天計劃的總設(shè)計師,在中國南部廣東省舉辦的一個論壇說道…。空格前無連詞，句子的謂語動詞為said,推斷空格為非謂語動詞。邏輯主語aforum(一個論壇）和動詞hold(舉辦）之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，表示“一個在中國南部的廣東省舉辦的論壇”，故答案為held?！?8題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：據(jù)周介紹，空間站的設(shè)計重量為100噸，可以容納三名宇航員，如果需要還可以擴(kuò)大。搭配bedesignedtodosth.(被設(shè)計用來做某事）?？崭袂盀橹髡ZThespacestation(這個太空站）,第三人稱單數(shù)，空格后為不定式，句子缺少謂語部分，主語和動詞design(設(shè)計）之間為被動關(guān)系，且could提示句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，故填wasdesigned?！?9題詳解】考查非限制性定語從句。句意見上題。4couldbeenlargedifneeded,accordingtoZhou.是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Thespacestation(這個太空站）指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故填which?！?0題詳解】考查副詞。句意：“建設(shè)空間站的主要目標(biāo)是使中國成為一個獨立掌握近地空間長期載人飛行技術(shù)的國家?？崭窈鬄樽鞫ㄕZ的現(xiàn)在分詞mastering(掌握），故填副詞independently(獨立地），修飾動詞mastering。故答案為independently?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：…有能力長期開展近地空間載人科學(xué)實驗。空格前為形容詞scientific(科學(xué)的）,空格后為地點狀語innear-Earthspace(在近地太空），該空作carryout的賓語，用名詞，結(jié)合給出單詞為可數(shù)名詞，且空格前無