寒假高三英語講義答案

課堂講義科目英語年級高三任課老師日期月日課次主講內(nèi)容/要點第1課次第一輪復(fù)習(xí)——名詞從句教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.重點名詞詞匯和詞組整理；2.掌握句子組成成分并識別；教學(xué)難點1.名詞和詞組；2.句型分解法；教學(xué)方法句型分析法教學(xué)過程定義要點熱點考向1名詞詞義辨析主要考點：高考命題對于名詞的考查強(qiáng)調(diào)語言的語境應(yīng)用，借助于真實的語言環(huán)境測試學(xué)生的運(yùn)用詞匯的能力。2.突破技巧：（1）平時要注重對常見名詞用法的積累，了解其在各種語境下的應(yīng)用，確保在考試時能手到擒來。（2）注意名詞的熟詞生義用法。在熟練掌握名詞的基本意義和用法的同時，要特別留意某些名詞的基本意義之外的引申、拓展和熟詞生義的用法。【真題變式】寫出本句中point的含義。What’sthepoint,inyouropinion,ofhelpinghimifhedoesn’tmakeanefforttohelphimself熱點考向2抽象名詞具體化表示某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象概念的不可數(shù)名詞，還可以表示具體的人或物，可及不定冠詞a(n)連用。常見的有：【真題變式】分析句子，寫出comfort的用法。Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.熱點考向3名詞的固定搭配1.主要考點：（1）考查某些特定的名詞固定短語搭配在具體語境中的用法。（2）常見的名詞短語搭配：have/gainaccessto取得使用機(jī)會oconsideration把……考慮在內(nèi)takeadvantageof利用makeroomfor為……騰出空間makecontactwith及……取得聯(lián)系makeacompromise妥協(xié)，折中；做出讓步catchsightof發(fā)現(xiàn)，突然看見beyondbelief難以置信的inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處onconditionthat以……為條件，只要outofquestion毫無疑問inpossessionof擁有onthewhole從整體而言，總的來說2.突破技巧：在處理此類題目時，一要讀懂句子的題干意義，二要注意短語的構(gòu)成和意義以和不同語境下的應(yīng)用?！菊骖}變式】完成句子。Ihaven’tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehaschangedbeyondrecognition.從Sara還是個小女孩時起，我就沒再見過她，她現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變得讓人認(rèn)不出了。名詞性從句概念：在一個英語句子當(dāng)中，特定的成份必須用名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)分為兩種：名詞和名詞從句。名詞從句就是語法功能相當(dāng)于名詞或名詞短語的從句。簡而言之,它是一種用從句來代替名詞的句型?？忌Ｒ妴栴}:缺乏“名詞意識”.(1).Savemoneyisbeneficialforone’slifeafterretirement.(X)Tosave/Savingmoneyisbeneficialforone’slifeafterretirement.(2).Therearemoreandmoreyoungcriminalsinthesocietyhasdrawntheattentionofmedia.(X)Therearemoreandmoreyoungcriminalsinthesocietywhichhasdrawntheattentionofmedia.修改：Somepeoplebelievethatmobilephoneshavetakentheplaceofwriteletters.Somepeoplebelievethatmobilephoneshavetakentheplaceofwritingletters.名詞性從句重點句型What從句(Proverb)Dowhatyousay,saywhatyoudo.說到做到。Saywhatyoumean,meanwhatyousay.直抒胸臆。翻譯：通過打工，我們獲得的不僅僅是工作經(jīng)驗。它同樣能幫助我們把在學(xué)校里學(xué)到的東西運(yùn)用到實踐當(dāng)中。(ApplyAintoB)Throughpart-timejobs,weacquirednotonlytheexperience,butalsoappliedwhatwehadlearnedintopracticewiththeirhelp.2.What從句的加強(qiáng)版-Whatever/Whoever/all引導(dǎo)的從句翻譯：我們無論做什么事都要把它做好。Whateverwearedoing,weshoulddoitwell.翻譯：任何一個有責(zé)任感(asenseofresponsibility)的人都應(yīng)該為自己的所作所為負(fù)責(zé)。Whoeverhasasenseofresponsibilityshouldberesponsibleforwhattheydoandsay.改寫：目前除了通過高考我其他什么都不想。NowIdon’tthinkanythingexceptpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.WhateverbutpassingtheCollegeEntranceExaminationwon’tarousemyconcern.翻譯：政府要做的就僅僅只是進(jìn)一步落實(implement)該政策。Whateverthegovernmentdoesisjusttofurthertheimplementofthispolicy.3.主語從句的變形由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，在實際使用中that從句一般由it做形式主語。Thatpracticemakesperfect(熟能生巧)isknowntous.(Rare)Itisknowntous/widelyacceptedthatpracticemakesperfect.(Common)Tip:在英語當(dāng)中表示“據(jù)……”的句型一般都用Itis+過去分詞+that引導(dǎo)的主語從句(一般表示某種情況。)據(jù)估計:Itisestimatedthat……據(jù)報道:Itisreportedthat…….從圖表當(dāng)中我們可以看到:Itcouldbenotedfromthegraphthat……主語從句高分句型：的確/確實……Itistruethat(Itisafactthat)+主語從句改錯：環(huán)境問題確實很嚴(yán)重，但我認(rèn)為還是可以解決的。Theenvironmentproblemisreallyserious,butIthinkwecanstillsolveit.Itisreallyaseriousproblemthattheenvironmentworsens,whichIthinkwecanstillsolve.表示“做……是重要/必要的”的時候,主語從句必須用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原型).Itisimportant/essential/vital/necessarythatsb/sth(should)dosth改錯：在我看來,政府向老年人提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助至關(guān)重要.AsfarasIamconcerned,itisessentialthatthegovernmentprovidesfinancialaidtotheaged.(X)AsfarasIamconcerned,itisessentialthatthegovernmentshouldfinanceaidsfortheaged.4.由疑問詞(how,when,where,whether,why,who)等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句考生常見問題：(寫作)很多人根本不明白存錢的目的何在.Manypeopledon’tknowwhatisthepurposeofsavemoney.(X)Manyyoungpeopledon’tknowwhatthepurposeofmoney-savingis.5.賓語從句：注意事項1：當(dāng)主句的謂語是think,believe等時，如果后面跟的賓語從句要表示否定意思，則把謂語動詞think,believe變成否定形式，賓語從句為肯定句形式。例句：我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該允許大學(xué)生結(jié)婚。Ithinkweshouldnotallowcollegestudentstogetmarried.(X)Idon’tthinkweshouldallowcollegestudentstogetmarried.注意事項2：It作形式賓語的情況。有時可以用it來代替賓語從句作形式賓語，而將賓語從句放到句子后半部分。例句：(Before)PolicedepartmentsintheUnitedStatesandCanadaseethattheyrespondtocallsforhelpasquicklyaspossibleascentraltotheirrole.(After)PolicedepartmentsintheUnitedStatesandCanadaseeitascentraltotheirrolethattheyrespondtocallsforhelpasquicklyaspossible.(寫作)有些人認(rèn)為我們花則多錢在環(huán)保上面根本就是浪費(fèi)時間。Somepeoplethinkthatwespendsomuchmoneyonenvironmentalprotectionissimplywasteoftime.(X)Somepeoplethinkitissimplywasteoftimetospendsomuchmoneyonenvironmentalprotection.6.表語從句：什么是表語－跟在be動詞后面的成份。如Iamastudent當(dāng)中I是主語，amastudent加在一起是謂語，而be動詞am后面的astudent就是表語?？忌Ｒ妴栴}:(寫作)Themajorreasonwhyanimalsarefacingtheextinctionisbecausepeoplehavepaidlittleattentiontotheproblem.(X)Themajorreasonwhyanimalsarefacingtheproblemofextinctionisthatpeoplehavepaidlittleattentiontoit.7.同位語從句：特點：同位語從句一般跟在一些比較容易識別的“標(biāo)志性”名詞后，如：idea,fact,rumor,news,hope,belief,argument,thought,doubt等后面，在含義上對前面的這個名詞的內(nèi)容起進(jìn)一步詳細(xì)解釋說明的作用，而在語法上則同這個名詞處于相同語法地位，因此稱為同位語從句。改錯：Thefinancialconditioninmyfamilyisquitepoormotivatesmetostudyhard.Thefinancialconditionthatmyfamilyisquitepoormotivatesmetostudyhard.改寫:Theheavyworkinthegovernmentwillinevitablyaffectwomen’sfamilylives.Forexample,mostfemaleemployeesintheU.Sgovernmentareeithersingleordivorced.Theheavyworkinthegovernmentwillinevitablyaffectwomen’sfamilylives,anevidenceforwhichisthatmostfemalesemployeesinthegovernmentareeithersingleordivorced.8.名詞性從句之間的替換：Somepeoplebelievethatsomeunpaidcommunityservicesshouldbeacompulsorypartofhighschoolprograms.TowhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreeTowhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreethatsomeunpaidcommunityserviceshouldbeacompulsorypartofhighschoolprograms.單元練習(xí)：1.一個人的實際能力才是企業(yè)所真正看重的。Whatoneisreallyabletohandleisthatanenterprisevaluesindeed.2.我認(rèn)為我們發(fā)明一種新的語言來取代英語是沒有必要的.Idon’tthinkit(is)necessaryforustoinventanewlanguagetoreplaceEnglish(asaninternationalcommunicationtool).3.然而，關(guān)于它是一件好事還是壞事，人們有不同的態(tài)度。However,peopleholdvariousattitudestowardswhetheritdoesgoodorharm.4.很多國家的失業(yè)率在不斷攀升這一事實是我們無法否認(rèn)的。Wecan’tdenythatunemploymentrocketedoninmanycountries.5.在給出我的觀點之前，我認(rèn)為看一看問題的兩面是很重要的。Beforeprovidingwithmyviewpoint,itisessential,Ithink,tolookatbothsides(prosandcons)oftheproblem.6.不同的人們對于全球化是否有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展這個問題持有不同的看法.Opinionsvaryonwhetherglobalizationbenefitsordamagestheworldeconomyforpromotion.7.令人感到遺憾的是大多數(shù)人所在乎的僅僅就只是他們怎么樣才能更多地賺到錢。Itisarealregretthatwhatmostofpeoplecareaboutishowtomakemoney.8.隨著越來越多的婦女參及全職工作，由誰來照顧孩子已經(jīng)成為了社會上的一個問題。Withmoreandmorewomentakingupfull-timejobs,itisbecomingasocialproblemwhoshouldcareforthechildren.

第三單元-定語從句一.定語從句的概念用一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子作定語(定語的兩種形式adj+n/n+定語從句)，修飾前面的名詞，代詞，短語，甚至是整個句子的從句。簡單來說就是把從句放在某個單詞/詞組/句子后面來對其進(jìn)行修飾。二.兩個首先必須明確的概念：先行詞和關(guān)系詞KungFuPandaisthebestcartoonmovie(先行詞)that/which(關(guān)系詞)Ihavewatchedthisyear.注意：先行詞未必永遠(yuǎn)都是定語從句之前的那一個單詞，有的時候先行詞及定語從句之間插入了別的成份，這個時候就必須通過上下文意思來尋找先行詞。(閱讀)TherehasbeenasignificantincreaseinthenumberofwomenwithdependentchildrenwhoareinthepaidworkforceinAustralia.Q:WhichgroupofpeoplehasseenasignificantincreaseinnumberinAustralia三.定語從句的分類定語從句可以分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩大類。限制性定語從句：EnglandwasoneofthefirstcountrieswherescientistsadoptedandpublicizedCopernicanideas(哥白尼學(xué)說)withenthusiasm.(劍橋5Test2ReadingPassage3)(閱讀)OnenewkeyboardincludedkeyswhichproducedletterswhichfrequentlyoccurtogetherinEnglish,like–ingand–thand–ed,sotheword“thing”wouldtaketwostrokestowriteinsteadoffive.特點:(1).從句對先行詞起限制作用，說明先行詞必須如此，不能超出這個限制。先行詞往往屬于“集合”而非“元素”,并且它所表示的內(nèi)容往往及先行詞關(guān)系密切，必不可少。少了它，句子往往就會成為一句廢話。(2).關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句和先行詞之間絕對沒有逗號隔開。非限制性定語從句：Suchexpansion,whichwastotaketheEnglishlanguagewesttoAmericaandeasttoIndia,wassupportedbyscientificdevelopmentssuchasthediscoveryofmagnetism(磁力).(閱讀)Itisverylikelythatthekeyboard,whichwehaveusedforoveracentury,willsoonbereplacedbyvoice-activatedcomputerswhichtakedictation(聽寫)aswespeaktothem.Tip:在閱讀中，遇到定語從句可以先忽略不看，先看句子的主干。特點:(1).非限制性定語從句往往是對先行詞(一般為“元素”)作進(jìn)一步的解釋和補(bǔ)充說明。如果把非限制性定語從句從句子中去掉，整個句子的意思不會受到很大影響。(2).關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句和先行詞之間絕對有逗號隔開。ThemetalindustrywasestablishedatRiversideVillagebyresidents,wholivedinthearea.定語從句和先行詞之間有沒有逗號，會直接決定句子意思的不同。試比較以下兩個句子意思的不同：1.Intermsofexceptions,scientistsrefertothewaveswhicharetoosmallindividuallytoconsider.說到例外的情況，科學(xué)家們指的是那些太微不足道的波。2.Intermsofexceptions,scientistsrefertothewaves,whicharetoosmallindividuallytoconsider.說到例外情況，科學(xué)家們就會提到波，（因其）太微不足道了。(寫作)不少人認(rèn)為如今被人們廣泛使用的電腦未來總有一天將會徹底取代電視機(jī)。QuiteanumberofpeoplebelievethattelevisionswillbereplacedbycomputersQuiteanumberofpeoplebelievethatsomedaytelevisionswillbecompletelyreplacedbycomputersthatarewidelyused(bypeople)nowadays.注意：這個句子必須用定語從句表示。四.不同關(guān)系詞的用法1.關(guān)系代詞which的用法續(xù)寫：WhatisyourfavoritesparetimeactivityIusuallychoosetorelaxmyselfbywatchingAmericanTVseriesinmysparetime,IusuallychoosetorelaxmyselfbywatchingAmericanTVserieswhichIalwaysdoinmysparetime.續(xù)寫：DoyoungpeopleinyourcountrylivebythemselvesorwiththeirparentsAsfarasIknow,manypeopleofmyagelivewiththeirparentsnotbecausetheywanttobutbecausetheyhaveto.AsfarasIknow,manypeopleofmyagelivewiththeirparentswhichtheydon’twanttobuthaveto.續(xù)寫：WhatleisureactivitiesarepopularinyourcountryAsfarasIknow,manyofChinesepeopleusuallydosports,goshoppingorkilltimeinKTV,whicharepopularleisureactivitiesamongmostofus.由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，其先行詞對應(yīng)的不僅可以是一個詞或短語，也可以是主句的一部分甚至一個完整的句子。而在限制性定語從句中which就絕對不能用于修飾一個句子。翻譯：Mybrotherisabook-worm,whendeeplyabsorbedinhisbooks,whichheoftenis,hewillforgetabouteverything.我兄弟是個書呆子，當(dāng)他完全沉迷于書堆，一般往往如此，他會忘記一切。Iamquiteanoutgoingperson,whichmybrotherisnot.我是個相當(dāng)外向的人，而我兄弟卻不是。(閱讀理解)Fathersspendlesstimeinhouseworkandchildcare,whichisregardedbysomescientistsasamajorcontributortothestress-relatedanxietyofemployedmothers.爸爸們很少花時間操持家務(wù)和照看孩子，而他們卻是科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為的減輕工作媽媽壓力的主要力量。續(xù)寫：要解決交通問題，我們首先要解決的第一個問題就是日益增加的私車數(shù)量，我認(rèn)為這是造成交通問題的最主要原因。Tosolvethetrafficproblem,whatweshouldfirstdealwithisthedailyincreasingnumbersofprivatecars,whichIthinkisthemajorcause.2.由who/whom/whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句用法：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時用who，作賓語，表語時用whom,表示所屬關(guān)系時用whose。它們所引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可以是限制性定語從句也可以是非限制性定語從句。Describeyouridol(偶像).Myidolis…,________________________________________________________________.MyidolisC.Ronaldo,whostartedfromslamyetmadegreatachievementsinthesoccerfield.續(xù)寫：Describeapersonthatyourespectthemost.我的父親是一個教了30多年書的教師，他是我最尊敬的人。Myfatherisanexperiencedteacherwhohastaughtfor30yearsandwinsmybestrespect.組合：(1)RainisaKoreanSinger.(2).Iappreciatehimverymuch.(3).HispopularityissecondtononeinAsia.RainisaKoreansingerwhomIappreciateverymuch,whosepopularityissecondtononinAsia.3.關(guān)系詞when的用法When引導(dǎo)的定語從句通常用在表示時間的名詞或短語如time,year,day后面，它引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可以是限制性也可以是非限制性定語從句。例句：(寫作)DescribeanimportantChinesefestival.SpringFestivalisthetimewhenallthefamilymemberscomebackhomeandgettogetherinChina.(限制性定語從句)InChina,themostimportanttraditionalfestivalisSpringFestival,whenallthefamilymemberswouldcomebackhomeandgettogether.(非限制性定語從句)錯誤觀念：凡是先行詞是time/day等時間概念，關(guān)系詞就一定是when。(1).我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我第一次見到她的那一天。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetherforthefirsttime.(2).我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我在上海和她度過的那些日子。IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentwithherinShanghai.(X)練習(xí)：(寫作)Describeadaythatisspecialtoyou.Asforme,themostimportantdaythatIadoreisThanks-givingDaywhenpeopleexpressgratitudetowhohelpandsupportthemever.(寫作)AtwhatagedopeopleinyourcountrygetmarriedIngeneral,theageof20forgirlsand23forboysisatimewhentheyarepermittedtogetmarriedbylaw.4.關(guān)系詞where的用法關(guān)系詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句通常用在表示地點的名詞或短語后，如place,thecity等。它引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可以是限制性的也可以是非限制性的。例句：（閱讀）Nylonisaverytoughsyntheticfiber(人造纖維)firstdevelopedinthe1930s,andbearinganametoremindthehearerofthetwoplaceswhereitwasdeveloped:NYforNewYorkandLonforLondon.(閱讀)Thepowerplantsareusuallylocatedoutsidethecity,whereairqualityproblemsarelessserious.(寫作)DoyouspendyourfreetimewithotherpeopleYes.SometimesIwouldinvitemyfriendstohaveacupofcoffeeinStarbucks,YoungChinesepeoplelikemelovetospendsometimeinStarbuckswhereweusuallygettogetherwithlong-lostfriends,meetnewguysandsharecommoninterestswitheachother.(寫作)Talkaboutashoppingcenteryouarefamiliarwith.Whenitcomestofavoriteshoppingcenters,I’dsayWalmart,whereIusuallyspenttimewithmymotherdiscussingwhattopurchaseamongthevarietyofcommodities,meanwhile,killingtimeofweekends.五.定語從句的變形形式1.be動詞定語從句的變形如果關(guān)系詞which/who/that在定語從句中做主語，后面跟的謂語動詞是be動詞，則可以將關(guān)系詞和be動詞一起省略。這種用法在閱讀和寫作中非常普遍。(閱讀)Scientistsareseekingadrug(whichis)abletoprolonglife.2.實義動詞定語從句的變形關(guān)系詞which/who/that在定語從句中作主語且緊跟在其后的謂語動詞為實義動詞時，可以省略關(guān)系詞，此時謂語動詞變?yōu)閕ng分詞。Research,relatingtoidenticaltwins,hashighlighted(突顯出)howsignificantinheritedcharacteristicscanbeforanindividual’slife.定語從句變形形式的特點：(1).只能用于關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語的情況。(2).特別適合用于多重定語從句組合：(1).DavidBeckhamisafootballplayer.(2).DavidBeckhamisfamousforhishandsomeness.(3).DavidBeckhamisenjoyinggreatpopularityinChina.DavidBeckhamisafootballplayerfamousforhishandsomenessandenjoyinggreatpopularityinChina.六.常見定語從句長句分析(1).PresidentKennedywantedpeoplewhoraisedquestions,whocriticized,onwhosejudgmenthecouldrely,whopresentedanintelligentpointofview,regardlessoftheirrankorviewpoint.肯尼迪總統(tǒng)需要可靠的、好問、獨立思考的人，不管他們屬于哪個階層，持何種觀點，往往都有真知灼見。(2).Smartcards,whichcancarryasmuchas80timesmoreinformationonthemthanconventionalcardswithamagneticstripe(磁條),arealreadywidelyusedinEuropeancountrieswherecentralizedbankscanrollout(轉(zhuǎn)入)newservicesonanationwidebasis.智能卡，相比傳統(tǒng)磁條卡，能多儲存80倍信息量，已在歐洲各國廣泛使用，這些國家的中央銀行在全國范圍內(nèi)推出全新服務(wù)。(3).Howwellthepredictionwillbevalidated(證實)bylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.預(yù)測經(jīng)證實的準(zhǔn)確率有賴于所獲取信息的數(shù)量、可靠性、準(zhǔn)確性以和它所整合的技術(shù)和智力支持。(4).Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.行為學(xué)家證明孩子在有助于發(fā)展他（她）準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)答的刺激存在的環(huán)境中成長起來會獲得巨大的智力提升。(5).Topofthelistsurelymustcomecompetence—theattributethathasbeenmostsorelylackingintheBushadministration,whetherintheplanningforpost-warIraq,theresponsetoHurricaneKatrinaorthemanagementofthefederalbudget,whichGeorgeBush,likeareverseKingMidas,hastransmutedfroma$240billionsurplustoa$160billiondeficit.居首的必須是最有能力的，也是布什政府一直急缺的助力，不管是規(guī)劃伊拉克戰(zhàn)后恢復(fù)，應(yīng)對卡特里娜颶風(fēng)還是聯(lián)邦預(yù)算的管理，特別是在喬治布什如貪得無厭的米達(dá)斯王般的把赤字從兩千四百億美金減到一千六百億美金。*通過非限制性定語從句猜測生詞(1).Anotherinterest-basedprocedureismediation,inwhichathirdpartyassiststhedisputants,thetwosidesinthedispute,inreachingagreement.調(diào)停過程；第三方協(xié)助糾紛雙方達(dá)成協(xié)議。(2).Themosttypicalrightsprocedureisadjudication,inwhichdisputantspresentevidenceandargumentstoaneutralthirdpartywhohasthepowertomakeadecisionthatmustbefollowedbybothdisputants.裁定；糾紛雙方舉證，中立第三方有權(quán)做出裁定，糾紛雙方必須遵從。練習(xí)環(huán)境保護(hù)是一個如今為人們廣為討論的一個話題。Environmentalprotectionis,uptillnow,awidelydiscussedtopicbythepublic.有的孩子從來不做家務(wù)，這使得他們越來越依賴他們的父母。Manychildrenneverdohousechores,whichmakesthemmoreandmoredependentontheirparents.我計劃于2018年開辦一家自己的公司，到那時候我已經(jīng)是個大學(xué)畢業(yè)生了。Iplantorunacompanyofmyownintheyearof2018,whenI’llbeacollegegraduate.最激動人心的一次旅行經(jīng)歷是在巴厘島（BaLi），在那里我有生以來第一次體驗了潛水。ThemostthrillingjourneywasinBaliIsland,whereIexperienceddivingforthefirsttimeduringmylife.

第四單元-狀語從句一.目的狀語從句高分句型1.目的狀語從句的連接詞包括sothat,inorderthat,incase,lest。2.實例：(閱讀)In1986theInternationalOlympicCommitteechangedtheschedulesothatthesummerandwintergameswouldbeheldindifferentyears.(閱讀)However,nomatterwhichlifestyledopeoplechoose,thechosenoneshouldbeinsistedlestourbiologicalclockmightgetconfused.(寫作)我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該鼓勵老人住養(yǎng)老院(nursinghouse)，這樣才能受到專業(yè)的照顧。Ithinkseniorcitizensshouldbeencouragedtoliveinanursinghousesothattheycanbewellcaredbyprofessionalservices.(寫作)Sportsstarsshouldbepaidwithhighsalaries(1)ontheonehand,mostofathleteshaveundertakenyearsofstricttrainingandefforts,(2)ontheotherhand,theyrepresentthebestskillsoftheirteamornation,thusmakegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentinthefieldandbringingreatglorieswiththem.三.結(jié)果狀語從句高分句型1.結(jié)果狀語從句的連接詞包括so…that…，such…that…等。2.such+a+adj+n及so+adj+a+n句型的互換例句：(口語)Mybrotherissuchaforgetfulpersonthatheisalwaysforgettingsomethingimportant.Mybrotherissoforgetfulapersonthatheisalwaysforgettingsomethingimportant.(口語)Howdidyoucomeherethismorning我早上是坐地鐵一號線來的。地鐵一號線巨擠無比，我每次坐都幾乎無法呼吸。Icameherebymetrolineoneinthemorning.whichisusuallysofullycrowdedthatIalmostgetsuffocatedduringthetravel.3.結(jié)果狀語從句的倒裝So…that等引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)語氣，還可以倒裝?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為：so引導(dǎo)的表語，狀語(adj/adv)+be動詞/助動詞+剩余部分(寫作)Sogreatisthepowerofmoderntechnologiesthattheyhavechangedourwayoflife,moreorless.(口語)Sofastdoesoursocietychangethatwesometimessimplyhavenoideawhatitwillbeliketomorrow.四.讓步狀語從句高分句型1.讓步狀語從句的連接詞包括：Although,though,inspiteof(高分句型),eventhough(evenif),nomatter。2.讓步狀語從句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):adj/adv/n+though/as+主語+謂語動詞(1).After:Simpleasitmaysoundtosolvetheproblem,actuallyitinvolvesmanyobstacles.Before:Itmaysoundsimpletosolvetheproblem,actuallyitinvolvesmanyobstacles.(2).Before:Althoughwehavetriedhard,thereisnoclearsignthatthisproblemwillbesettledsoon.After:Hardaswehavetried,thereisnoclearsignthatthisproblemwillbesettledsoon.(寫作)盡管如今養(yǎng)寵物很普遍，我仍然認(rèn)為這會帶來很多問題。Prevailingaskeepingpetsis,Istillholdthatitwouldbringalotofproblems.五.比較狀語從句1.比較狀語從句的連接詞:than,as2.比較狀語從句常見錯誤：比較對象不一致(圖表作文)在2013年，政府用于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的資金是2012年的兩倍。錯誤例句：In2013,thefundthegovernmentspentoninfrastructurewastwiceasmuchas2012.正確例句：In2013,thefundthegovernmentspentoninfrastructurewastwiceasmuchasthatof2012.六.高分狀語從句句型－with引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語結(jié)構(gòu)：主句(總)+with+n+doingsth(具體對象)(圖表作文)從1990年到2000年，該數(shù)值持續(xù)增長，而其中又以1998年增幅最大。Thefigurehasbeenincreasingfrom1990to2000,with1998seeingthemostevidentrise.(寫作)孩子的成長會受到眾多因素的影響,而其中又以父母扮演的角色最為關(guān)鍵.Children’sgrowthisaffectedbymanyfactors,withtheirparentsplayingthemostessentialrole.(寫作)媒體對于名人私生活的過份報導(dǎo)已經(jīng)釀成了不少的悲劇,而其中又以黛安娜王妃的例子最為典型.Media’soverreportingofcelebrities’privateliveshasresultedinquiteanumberoftragedies,withtheissueofPrincessDiana(being)themosttypical.(寫作)Describeacityyouhavevisited.NootherplacecanreplaceHangzhouasthemostattractivedestinationthatI’veeverbeento.AsoneoftheonlytwocitiesknownasfairylandintheHeavensbesidesSuzhou,thelatter,however,lacksamostcomfortablelivingconditionsasHangzhouhas.Forcenturies,itnurturesspiritsofSoutheasternChinesepeopleandexiststhroughtimesandtideswithahistoryofthousandsyears.Appearingharmoniousandtranquil,avarietyoftypicalbuildingssitbetweensilkyriversandgorgeoushills,withpeoplelivinginpeace,makingavividlifetothepicturesquelandscape.Onviewingthewonderfulspectacles,hardlycanIhelpexpressingmyadmirationforitssweetnessandrichness.NeverhaveIeverexperiencedsoelegantapanoramathatunconsciouslyIcan’tclosemymouthandmyeyeswidelyopen.Whatascenery!第五單元-非謂語動詞一.不定式1.不定式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：to+動詞原型特點：不定式的一般形式表示的動作，通常及謂語所表示的動作/狀態(tài)同時（或幾乎同時發(fā)生）發(fā)生或在其將來發(fā)生。例句：Iamverygladtohearfromyou.（動作同步發(fā)生。）TheywereinvitedtovisittheU.Knextyear.(不定式在謂語動作后發(fā)生)2.不定式的完成式概念：如果不定式表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，不定式要用完成式。Youareluckytohavefoundeachother.(FromFriends)(寫作)很抱歉給你添了則多麻煩.I’msorrytohavecausedyousomuchtrouble.3.不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：例句：為了不使得環(huán)境問題更加嚴(yán)重,在城市里應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步禁止使用汽車.(寫作)Autouseincitiesshouldbefurtherlimitedinordernottoaddtotheworseningenvironmentalproblems.4.注意事項當(dāng)主語是不定式且不定式較長時，常常用it來代替不定式作主語，而把不定式移到句子后部。例句：(閱讀)Itisquitecommonthesedaysforyoungpeopleinmanycountriestohaveabreakfromstudyingaftergraduatingfromhighschool.(寫作)我們有必要認(rèn)識到環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性。典型錯誤：Wearenecessarytoknowtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.正確寫法：Itisnecessaryforustorealizetheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.(寫作)為了不讓這樣的悲劇重演,我們有必要在城市采取更多治安措施.Itisnecessaryforustotakemoresocialsecuritymeasurestoavoidsuchtragedieshappeningagain.二.動名詞1.動名詞基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞+ing2.句子的名詞化例句：他的不辭而別讓老板很生氣。Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.Thatmadethebossangry.Hisleavewithoutinforminghim/soundlessleavemadehisbossveryangry.(寫作)我認(rèn)為孩子表現(xiàn)惡劣是家長的過錯。Ithinkittheirparentsfaultthatchildrenbehavebadly.(寫作)不少人認(rèn)為寫信被使用手機(jī)所取代是不可避免的趨勢。Quiteanumberofpeoplebelievethatusingcellphoneswilltaketheplaceofwritinglettersisaninevitabletrend.(續(xù)寫)DoyoucookathomeIfavoritthatinmysparetimeIcookathome,asitprovidesmewithpleasureandskillpractising,moreover,itrelaxesmefromthementalstressthatburdensofworkforcedmetostrugglethrougheverydaylife.3.動名詞值得注意的一些特殊形式Beingdone(被動)，havingdone(完成式)，havingbeendone(完成被動式)Thecriminalwassentencedtodeathforhavingkilled5innocentpeople.(完成式)(寫作)電腦游戲經(jīng)常被指責(zé)造成了無數(shù)學(xué)生沉迷于其中從而忽視學(xué)習(xí)。PCgamesareoftencriticizedforhavingcausednumerousstudentstobeindulgedinthemandneglectstudy.4.動名詞在句子中的不同成份(1).動名詞作主語注意：動名詞或動名詞短語作主語時，可以用形式主語it代替它放在主語位置而把動名詞短語調(diào)整到句子的后半部分。例句：Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.(2).動名詞作賓語*必須記住以下固定用動名詞作賓語搭配的動詞Finish,Stop,can’thelp,mind,admit,deny,enjoy,putoff,delay,practice,fancy,goon/keepon(寫作)為了大多數(shù)人的健康著想，我認(rèn)為政府有責(zé)任要求人們停止吸煙。Inmyopinion,itisthegovernment’stasktoaskpeopletostopsmokingforthesakeofmostpeople’shealth.(口語)我真后悔當(dāng)時沒有聽他的勸告。Iregretnothavingfollowedhisadvice.三.分詞1.分詞的分類：現(xiàn)在分詞(exciting)，過去分詞(excited)注意：動名詞及現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別－前者用來代替名詞，如Studyinghardisimportant.后者一般用來代替形容詞或副詞起修飾作用。2.分詞的用法A.表示謂語動作發(fā)生時伴隨著發(fā)生的動作或狀況：Westoodtherewatchingthegame.Aftersupper,Iusuallysitdownreadingnewspapersbeforegoingtobed.(閱讀)Factoriesdischargetheirwaste,untreated,intoseasandrivers.規(guī)律總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在分詞用來表示伴隨的主動語態(tài)，過去分詞用來表示伴隨的被動語態(tài)。B.表示原因(翻譯)WhydidyouchooseyourcurrentmajorRealizingEnglishwillplayasignificantroleinthefuture,Idecidedtochooseitasmymajor.(寫作)DescribeakindofbirdBeingfondofitsfancycolorsandgentlemoves,Ialwaysregardthepeacockasmyfavoriteanimal.Onceinspiredbystimuli,itwillshowoffandexposeitsbeautifulfan-liketailstotheexcitedspectators.3.分詞的時態(tài)變化(寫作)DescribeanembarrassingexperienceHavingbeenlostinastrangeforest,Ioncehadgreattroublefindingmywayout.Thestorybeganwithanadventureexploringanunknownwoods.Expectingtodiscoverawonderoutofmycuriosity,Ihikedintothetreesalonewithouthesitation.4.利用分詞拓展簡單句(寫作)Describeabandgroupthatyoulike.IhavebeenalwaysworshipingthebandBeyondeversincespottingaliveperformanceoftheirsonTV,whentheleadsingerwithhisexcellentbandmembers,singinganddancingwithalltheirenergy,arousedhighspiritsoftheiraudienceincludingme.

專題篇技巧講解完形填空設(shè)計思路和命題特點了解高考完形填空題的設(shè)計思路和命題特點對考生順利解題有著重要的指導(dǎo)意義?，F(xiàn)行的《全國統(tǒng)一考試英語科說明》對做完形填空題的要求是“……從所給的選項中選出最佳答案，使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整”。這個要求反映了該題型的主要優(yōu)點在于它能夠多層次、全方位地考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言知識的水平。因此，這一題型涉和的知識面廣，綜合性強(qiáng)，覆蓋面大，它不僅能真實反映出考生的語言知識水平，而且還能反映出考生的理解能力、邏輯推理能力以和綜合運(yùn)用語言、駕馭語言知識的能力。高考完形填空題一般具有如下設(shè)計思路和命題特點：1、對邏輯意義理解能力的考查縱觀近幾年的高考完形填空題，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)完形填空題對上下文語境理解的考查題幾乎占整個題型的一半，這足以說明此類題在完形填空題中所占的比重之大。例：Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir1.Thiswasthebeginningofanother2dayinNewYorkCity.3thisdaywastobedifferent.()1.A.jobsB.homesC.usesD.offices()2.A.workingB.hotC.sameD.ordinary()3.A.AndB.SoC.ButD.Thus2、對常用習(xí)語搭配和慣用法的考查這些重要的短語也是放在短文的語境中去考查，而不是簡單的記憶考查。例1：Scientistsaredoingaresearch1her.()1.A.forB.byC.toD.on例2：Whenshewantstobepicked1,Washoepointsupwithonefinger.()1.A.outB.atC.onD.up3、對句式結(jié)構(gòu)或句型的考查特別是考查對復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)的分析理解，是備受命題人青睞的。例1：Waiting1thecrowdedstreets,ontopofa2110storieshigh,wasPhilippe.()1.A.forB.inC.byD.above()2.A.roofB.positionC.wallD.building例2：Itwastoohighto1.Aftersheconsideredthe2,shegotatallboxtostand3.Thefoodwasstilltoohightobereached.()1.A.pullB.seeC.eatD.reach()2.A.problemB.positionC.foodD.ceiling()3.A.byB.onC.upD.with4、對詞匯的意義及用法的考查有些小題，僅讀懂了全文還不能確定答案，還要準(zhǔn)確掌握詞匯的意義和熟練掌握詞匯的用法。尤其是詞匯的意義，對其內(nèi)涵、、外延、褒貶、修辭色彩等都要有所了解和積累，要善于在具體的語境中分辨詞匯的具體意義，切忌望文生義。例1：Shewentfromroomtoroom,checking,andfoundhercameraandsparewatch1.()1.A.losingB.missingC.leavingD.disappearing例2：…Washoefounda1pole.Thensheclimbedontothe2;graspedthepole,and3downthefoodwiththepole.()1.A.straightB.strongC.longD.big()2.A.wallB.boxC.ceilingD.pole()3.A.knockedB.shockC.tookD.picked5、對通篇理解、全方位思考問題能力的考查這主要包括兩個方面：有時候根據(jù)小題本身不能確定答案，似乎幾個選項都正確。其實，正確的答案在上文已有信息提示。例：1washeardoutsideasthe2felltothefloorandthehandwaspulledback.()1.A.Asadvoice B.AstrangenoiseC.AwarningshoutD.Asharpcry()2.A.key B.kettle C.door-lock D.wire還有一些題目需要根據(jù)下文的暗示才能確定答案。這種暗示有時是直接的，即直接出現(xiàn)正確選項的單詞；有時是間接地，考生要根據(jù)內(nèi)容來推斷正確的答案。例1：ThisdaringFrenchmanwasaboutto1atightropebetweenthetwotowersoftheWorldTradeCenter.()1.A.throwB.walkC.climbD.fix例2：Onceshewasputina1withfoodhangingfromtheceiling.()1.A.caveB.zooC.roomD.museum答題技巧完形填空的體裁多是夾敘夾議的文章，題材則是以生活哲理、啟迪勵志的內(nèi)容為主，也有時是社會問題。在通讀時，首先要看