2015完形填空精講課程講義

完形填空精講主講老師：趙歡迎使老師簡(jiǎn)◆考博英語(yǔ)名博鰲亞洲英語(yǔ)主持2011世博會(huì)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)師曾為澳大利亞及多位中國(guó)國(guó)家提供翻譯21歲成為大學(xué)特聘英語(yǔ)教師中國(guó)特邀翻譯，曾為、,、趙薇、、、等翻譯；受邀開(kāi)展個(gè)人數(shù)千場(chǎng)，受到廣大學(xué)子的熱烈追捧，被鳳凰、CCTV等多家。@萊弗2010博入學(xué)2010博入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題ThestrangestweatheroflastyearwaspossiblynotonEarth,butontheSun.Every11years(31) theSungoesthroughacycleofsunspots-actuallymagneticstormseruptingacrossitssurface.Thenumberofsunspots(32)itsminimumin2007and(33) haveincreasedsoonafterwards,buttheSunhasremainedstrangelyquietsincethen.Scientistshavebeenbaffledasweeksandsometimesmonthshavegonebywithoutasinglesunspot,in(34) tobethedeepestsolarminimumforalmost100years.This(35) ofsolaractivitymeansthatcosmicraysreachingEarthfromspacehaveincreasedandthenet'sionosphereintheupperatmospherehassunk ,givinglessdragonsa litesandmakingcollisionsbetweenthemandspacejunkmorelikely.ThesolarminimumcouldalsobecoolingtheclimateonEarthbecauseofslightlydiminishedsolarirradiance,infact,thequietspellontheSunmaybe(37) someofthewarmingeffectsofgreenhousegases,accordingtorecentresearchbytwoUSsolarscientists.Thesolarminimum,theirstudysuggests,accountsforthesomewhatfiattemperaturetrendofthepastdecade.Butifthissolarminimumisoffsettingglobalwarming,scientistsstressthattheoveralleffectisrelativelyslightandcertainlywillnotlast.TheSunhasgoneintolongquietspellsbefore.From1645to1715fewsunspotswereseenduringaperiodcalledtheLittleIceAge,whenshortsummersandsavagewintersoftendNorthernEurope.Scotlandwashitparticularly(39)asharvestswereruinedincold,miserablesummers,whichledtofamine,death,migrationandhugedepopulation,ButwhetherthequietSunwasentirelytoblameforitremainshighly(40)31.[A]and[B]or[C]on[D]so32.[A][B][C][D]33.[A][B][C][D]34.[A][B][C][D]35.[A][B][C][D]36.[A][B][C][D]37.[A][B][C][D]38.[A][B][C]in[D]39.[A][B][C][D]40.[A][B][C][D]2009博入學(xué)2009博入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題Three(51) yearsagoDanielGabrielFahrenheitmadehis(52)thermometerinhishometownofDanzig(NowGdanskinPoland).Thethermometerwasfilledwith(53) andcompleysealed,butitwasnotmuchusewithoutsomesortof(54) tomeasurethetemperature.Onestory(55) that,duringthewinterof1708-09,Fahrenheittookameasurementof0degreesasthecoldesttemperatureoutdoors—whichwouldnowreadasminus17.8C.Fiveyears(56) heusedmercuryinsteadofalcoholforhis(57) ,andmadeatopreferencepointbymeasuringhisownbodytemperatureas90degrees.Soonafterwardshebecameaglassblower,(58)allowedhimtomakethinlyblownglasstubesthatcouldbemarkedupwithmorepointsonthescaleandso(59) Eventuallyhetookthe(60) pointofhistemperaturescalefromaleadingmadeinice,waterandsalt,andatoppointmadefromtheboilingpointofwater.Thescalewasrecalibratedusing180degreesbetweenthese(61)pointsandFahrenheitwasabletomakemuchmoreaccurateandmore(62)measurementsoftemperature.Butin1742arivalchallengedtheFahrenheitscaleandsupersededit.AndersCelsius,inSweden,inventedascaleof100degreesbetweenthezingandboilingpointsofwaterandgradually overmanyHowever,theBritish(65) weddedtoFahrenheituntilwellintothe20th51.[A][B][C]decades[D]hundreds52.[A][D]53.[A][C][D]54.[A][B][C][D]55.[A][C][D]56.[A][C][D][A]thermometers[B]measurements[C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D] [B]add [C] [D][A] [C] [D][A] [B] [D][A] [B] [D][A] [B]accidentally[C]surprisingly[D]fortuna[A] [C] [D][A] [C] [D]2010（03）博2010（03）博入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題Timeforanother petitivenessalert.IntheThirdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy—whichlastyeartestedahalf-millionstudentsin41countries—Americaneighthgraders belowtheworldaverageinmath.Andthat'snoteven22 part.Considerthisasyoutryto whichcountrieswilldominatethetechnologymarketsofthe21stcentury:thetop10percentofAmerica'smathstudentsscoredaboutthesameastheaveragekidintheglobal Itisn'texactlyanewsflashthesedays Americansscorebehindthecurveoninternationaltests.Buteducatorssaythisstudyis becauseitmonitoredvariablesbothinsideandoutsidetheclassroom.Laziness—thefactoroften forAmericanspoorperformance—isnottheculprithere.Americanstudents spendmoretimeinclassthanpupilsinJapanandGermany.29 ,theygetmoreandwatchthesameamountofTV.Theproblem,educatorssay,isnotthekidsbutacurriculumthatistoo30 .ThestudyfoundthatlessonsforU.S.eighthgraderscontainedtopicsmasteredbyseventhgradersinothercountries.TeachersactuallyagreethatAmericansneedto theirkidstomoresophisticatedmathearlier.Unfortunay,expertssay,theteachersdon'trecognize theseconceptsaretaughtisasimportantastheconceptsthemselves.Mosteducatorsrely33 ontextbooksandrotelearning(死記硬背).Whilemanytextbookscover ideas,mostdososuperficially,35 studentswiththetechniquesbutnotthemasteryofthebroaderprinciples.A. B. C. D.A.the B.the C.the D.theA.figure B.carry C.count D.showA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. C. D.A.Tobegin B.AsisC.Notonly D.EvenA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.intentionallyC.consequentlyD.A. B. C.controversialD.A. B. C. D.2009（03）博2009（03）博入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題Attitudesofrespect,modestyandfairycangrowonlyoutofslowlyacquiredskillsthatparentsteachtheirchildrenovermanyyearsthroughsharedexperienceandmemory.Ifachildreachesadulthood21 recollectionsonlyofevision,LittleLeagueandbirthdayparties,thenthatchildhaslittleto whenatruetestofcharactercomesup—say,ina(n)23 businesssituation." thatchildfeelsgroundedinwhoheisandwherehecomesfrom, elseisanact,"saysetiquetteexpertBettyJoTrakimas.TheDickmeyersofCarmel,na everyFridaynightas"familynight"withtheirthreechildren.Oftenthefamilyysboardgamesorhide-and-seek."Mychildrenloveit,"saysTheresa,theirmother.Canyinghide-and-seekreallyteachachildaboutmanners?Yes,saysTrakimasand27 ,becauseitellsthechildthathisparents timewithhim,heislovedandcanlearntoloveothers."Mannersaren'taboutusingthe29 fork,"Trakimasadds,"Mannersareaboutbeingkind—giving team-ying,makingtinysacrifices.Childrenlearnthat theirparents."Whilechildrendon't32 warmtotheideaoflearningtobepolite,there'snoreasonforthemtoseemannersasabunchofdreary either.They'rethebuildingblocksofachild'seducation." arule essecondnature,itsus,"Trakimassays.HowwellcouldTigerWoodsygolfifhehadto himselfoftheA. B. C. D.A.draw B.learn C.refer D.thinkA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.theotheroneB. C.another D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.complimentsC. D.A. B. C. D.A,automaticallyB.determinedlyC. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C.rememberingD.2008（10）2008（10）博入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題IoncemarriedamanIthoughtwastotallyunlikemyfatherandIimaginedawholenewworldofdom(21) Fiveyearslateritwascleareventome——floatingfacedowninawashofdespair thatIhadsimplychosena(n)(22)ofmyhandsomedaddy-Theupdated(23) spokeEnglishlikeanangelbutunderneathhewasmyfatherexactly:wonderful,butnottherightmanforme.MostpeopleIknowhaveatonetimeoranotherbeen(24)childhoodhobbies.Patternstendtosinkintotheunconsciousonlyto(25)

upby,disguised,unseen,likemarionette(牽線木偶)strings,pullingusthiswayorthat.Whateverailspeoplekeepsthemupatnight,tossingand(26) alsoailsmovementsnomatterhowhistoricallyhugeorpolitically(27) movementcannotremakeconsciousness,or(28) thefuture,without(29)andsheddingalltheunnecessaryanduglybaggageofthepast.It'seasyenoughnowtoseewheremenhavekept(30) outofclubs,baseballgames,graduateschools;it'seasyenoughtorecognizethehiddendirectionsthat(31)Sistocake-bakingandjuniortobridgebuilding.It'snowpossibleforevenMissAmericaherselfto(32) whattheyhavedonetous,and,ofcourse,theyhaveandtheydidandtheyare…(33) alongthewaywealsodevelopedourownhidden(34.) ,classassumptionsandananti-malehumorandcollectionofexpectationsthatgaveus,hikeall(35) groups,asecretsenseofsuperiorityco-existingwithapoorself-image.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.sleeB. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.weighingC. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.opportunitiesC. D.A.consolidatedB. C. D.2008年博士入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試ThechangesingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose61bymodelsthattakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability. thequestionofattributionrequiresthe ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethods，beyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocused mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein andinmodels.Patternysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalogy ,andmakesitpossibletoachievemore67oftheobservedclimatechangestoaparticularcauseorTheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole68cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful69technique.Thebasicidea70pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent71causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto72afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange73bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible74onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveanincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are75thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric76ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe77ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe78ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodify79ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimaticeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall80isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocooltheclimateandtopartiallyoffsetthewarmingofincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases.61.A. B. C.in D.62.A. B. C. D.63.A. B. C. D.64.A. B. C. D.65.A. B. C. D.66.A. B.ornamentallyC. D.67.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C.concentrationsD.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.2007年博士入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試Seariseasaconsequenceofglobalwarmingwouldimmediaythreatenthatlargefractionoftheglobelivingatsealevel.Nearlyone-thirdofallhumanbeingslivewithin36ofacoastline.Mostoftheworld'sgreatseaportcitieswould56:NewOrleans,Amsterdam,Shanghai,andCairo.Somecountries—MaldivesIslandsinthenOcean,islandsinthePacific—wouldbeinundated.HeavilypopulatedcoastalareassuchasinBangladeshandEgypt,57largepopulationsoccupylow-lyingareas,wouldsufferextreme58.Warmeroceanswouldspawnstrongerhurricanesandtyphoons,59incoastalflooding,possiblyswamvaluableagriculturallandsaroundtheworld.60waterqualitymayresultas61floodingwhichssaltwaterintocoastalirrigationanddrinkingwaters,andirreceable,naturalcouldbefloodedwithoceanwater,destroyingforevermanyofthe63ntandanimalspecieslivingthere.Foodsand swouldbe64affected.Changesinrainfallpatternswoulddisruptagriculture.Warmertemperatures grain-growingregionspole-wards.Thewarmingwouldalsoincreaseandchangethepestnts,suchasweedsandtheinsects66thecrops.Humanhealthwouldalsobeaffected.Warmingcould67tropicalclimatebringingwithityellowfever,malaria,andotherdiseases.Heatstressandheatmortalitycouldrise.Theharmful68oflocalizedurbanairpollutionwouldverylikelybemoreseriousinwarmer69.Therewillbesome70fromwarming.Newsea-laneswillopenintheArctic,longergrowingseasonsfurthernorthwill71newagriculturallands,andwarmertemperaturewillmakesomeoftoday'scolderregionsmore72.Butthesebenefitswillbeinindividualareas.Thenaturalsystems—bothntandanimal—willbelessablethanmantocope73.Anychangeoftemperature,rainfall,andsealevelofthemagnitudenowwillbedestructivetonaturalsystemsandlivingthingsandhencetomanasThelistofpossibleconsequencesofglobalwarmingsuggestsveryclearlythatwemustdoeverythingwecannowtounderstanditscausesandeffectsandtotakeallmeasurespossibletopreventandadapttopotentialandinevitabledisruptionsbyglobal56.[A][B] [C][D]57.[A][B] [C][D]58.[A][B] [C][D]59.[A][B] [C][D]60.[A][B] [C][D]61.[A][B] [C][D]62.[A]dry-[B] [C][D]63.[A][B] [C][D]64.[A][B] [C][D]65.[A][B] [C][D]66.[A][B] [C][D]67.[A] modate[C][D]68.[A][B] [C][D][A] modation[C]surroundings[D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C][D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]2006年博士入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor61toconsidertheroleofernment.ernmenthasapowerful62ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem63theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand64ofmosthighwaysthe65oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalernment,areprimarily66forbycountryorcityernments.andfireprotectionandsanitation67arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalernment.RegulationandControl.Theernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate68inmanyways,forthe69ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest70ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda71,suchasinephoneorelectricservice.Publicpermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable72,butlimitstheirabilitytoraise73,sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis74toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugadministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof75infood.Inotherindustries,ernmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by76taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso77theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbytheernmentitself.DirectAssistance.The ernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs certainproductstoremainrelativelyofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Inquiteadifferentarea,ernmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequa ycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalfortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfare61.[A][B][C][D]62.[A][B][C][D]63.[A][B][C][D]64.[A][B][C][D][A]common [B]responsibility[C]conductivity[D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A]ap [B] [C] [D][A] modate[C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]2010年北航博士入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible1ofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keepthe2,orpatentA3patentistheresultofabargain4betweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichtheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopolyandpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiod5.Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstances6thelifespanofapatent7toalterthisnormalprocessofevents.Thelongestextensionever8wastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitrywasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent'snormallifetherewasnocolourTVto9andthusnohopeofrewardfortheBecauseapatentremainspermanently10afterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothe11officecontaindetailsoflillymillionsofideasthatareforanyonetouseand,if12thanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyone13toavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthrough14patentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistogiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherform15invalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionally16totakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmoderntechnologicaladvanceis17onthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.Anyoneclosely18inpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"new"ideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,19makesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindevisionoriginate20thelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.[A] [B] [D[A] [D][A] [C] [D][