2023學(xué)年完整公開課版非謂語動詞

主講人：殷清明

高中英語語法專題講解

非謂語動詞—不定式Tomwillstudyhardergetahighergradeinthefinalexam.（trueorfalse）Warm-up在英語中，一個(gè)句子（clause）只能有一個(gè)謂語動詞，即一句話只能有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。如果出現(xiàn)更多的動詞怎么辦呢?③Tomwillstudyharderto

getahighergradeinthefinalexam.1.加連詞（and/but/so…）2.放入從句3.變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞①Tomwillstudyharderand

getahighergradeinthefinalexam.②Tomwillstudyharder,becausehewantsto

getahighergradeinthefinalexam.一、非謂語動詞的概念

什么是非謂語動詞??？那不是謂語又是什么呢？。。。。。。

“非謂語非謂語”,那就是不作謂語的動詞唄!講解一：謂語動詞與非謂語動詞1.謂語動詞：動詞在句中充當(dāng)謂語成分2.非謂語動詞：是動詞的非謂語形式，在句中除了不能作謂語以外，能充當(dāng)其它所有句子成分①

Shegotoffthebus,but

left

her

handbagonherseat.②

Shegotoffthebus,

leaving

her

handbagonherseat.

got作謂語,leaving作非謂語got和left作并列謂語________________________________二、非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成非謂語不定式(todo)動名詞（-ing)分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)過去分詞(-ed)

動詞的-ing形式講解二：非謂語動詞使用條件當(dāng)句子中已經(jīng)存在謂語動詞,在沒有并列連詞的情況下,如果出現(xiàn)其它動詞，則要求用動詞的非謂語形式。如：①Themantookoutthekey,_________(open)thedoorand

enteredtheroom.②Themansatthere,_________(read)abook.③___________(work)hard,youwillsucceed.④Thequestion___________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.⑤_____________(improve)hisspokenEnglish,Mr.ZhanggoestotheEnglishcornereverySaturday.openedreadingWorkingdiscussedToimprove以不定式為例，非謂語動詞在句子中能作哪些成分呢？三、非謂語動詞在句中的成分講解三：非謂語的句法功能1、不定式作主語：①To

findabestfriendisdifficult.②ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.

____________________________2、不定式作表語：①Herwishistobecomeasinger.②Heseemstogowithus.③Thatmanappearedtohavehadaheartattack.

____________________________________

3、不定式作賓語：①

Ineedtosleepfor8hourseverynight.②

Idonotknowwhattodo.③

Theroadiscoveredwithsomefallenleaves

andtheyneedtoberemovedimmediately.____________________________________

_____________________________________________________

4、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：①Iaskedhimtocomeover.②Hesawhercomeintothebuilding._______________________________________5、不定式作定語：①Thelastonetoarrivewillpaythebill.②Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.③Theproblemtobediscussedatthe

meetingtomorrowisveryimportant.

_______________________________________________________________________________6、不定式作狀語：(表目的、結(jié)果、原因等）①Hewillgototheclinictobeexaminedbythedoctor.

②Ihurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.__________________________________目的狀語結(jié)果狀語______________________________③Let’shurrysoasnottobelateforthemeeting.

④IamonlytoohappytojointheParty.

①WeareproudtobeyoungpeopleofChina.②Inordertoachievethisaim,wemustlearnfromothercountries.

目的狀語原因狀語目的狀語原因狀語________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7、獨(dú)立成份：Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tbelievehim.

tobeginwith/tostartwith開頭、首先tobebrief 簡而言之tobehonest 說實(shí)話tobefrankwithyou 坦白對你說todohimjustice 說句對他公道的話tobeexact 確切地說

tomakethingsworse 更糟的是

8、固定搭配：1.havenochoicebuttodosth.havenooptionbuttodosth.havenoalternativebuttodosth.

別無選擇只得做某事TheseBigTigershavenochoicebuttobepunishedbylaw.2.betooreadytodosth.

樂意做某事betoowillingtodosth. 愿意做某事betooanxioustodosth. 急切想做某事betooeagertodosth. 熱切想做某事betoogladtodosth. 很高興做某事betoopleasedtodosth. 非常高興做某事

Iamtoopleasedtohelpyou.

3.benottoo…todosth. 不會太…所以能…

benevertoo…todosth. 不會太…所以能…4.can’tbe

too…todosth.can’tbe…enoughtodosth.再…..也不過分

Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，學(xué)到老。

Youcanneverbecarefulenoughtodothework.It’snevertoolatetomend.

改過不嫌晚.不定式主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)與謂語動作的關(guān)系一般式todotobedone發(fā)生在謂語動作之后進(jìn)行式tobedoing與謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone發(fā)生在謂語動作之前完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing發(fā)生在謂語動作之前且現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行之中四、不定式的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)變化以動詞do為例

1.不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后或同步發(fā)生，用一般式Hewanted_________(see)you.

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用進(jìn)行式

WhenIcamein,hepretended__________________(read)abook.

3.強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生時(shí)，用完成式Hehappened________________

(see)thefilmbefore.

4.強(qiáng)調(diào)動作從過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去時(shí)，用完成進(jìn)行式

Sheissaid____________________________(work)ontheproblemformanyyears.tohavebeenworkingtohaveseentobereadingtosee講解四：不定式的形式五、不帶to的不定式1.使役動詞

let,make,have

后。2.感觀動詞

see,watch,notice,observe,lookat;hear,

listento;feel

等后；但被動語態(tài)中不能省去to。

例如：Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.3.wouldrather,hadbetter,whynot后。4.兩個(gè)不定式由

and,or,except,but,than

或ratherthan

連接時(shí)，通常省略第二個(gè)不定式符號to。省去

不定式符號to的動詞不定式的幾種情況語法填空：①Don’tletyourself_____________(push)around.②

Whichwouldyouratherdo,____(go)tothecinemaorgoforameal?③

You’refreetotalkor________(laugh)here.④

Hedidnothingbut_____(cry)alldaylong.bepushedgolaughcry

六、使用動詞不定式需注意的情況早打算：plan,prepare,mean,arrange1、常見的只接不定式做賓語的動詞及短語巧記如下：想要做：want,wish,hope,expect,seek,aim,attempt,claim,wouldlike/love,desire,swear同意否：agree,promise,undertake,offer,choose,refuse請求做：

ask,beg,request努力做：makeaneffort決定做：decide,determine,bedetermined,makeupone’smind 盡力做：try,struggle,strive,manage(反義詞fail)假裝做：pretend

lookforwardto 期待

objectto 反對be/getusedto 習(xí)慣于

leadto 導(dǎo)致prefer…to… 更喜歡beupto 從事于

devote…to… 把…獻(xiàn)給referto 談到payattentionto 注意

owingto 由于2.注意區(qū)分不定式符號“to”與介詞“to”常用的以介詞“to”結(jié)尾的短語如下：七、高考直通車：

①__________(l