大學(xué)英語(yǔ)科技文獻(xiàn)閱讀期末復(fù)習(xí)

第一單元1.electroniccommunication 電子通訊2.all-purposeprocessors 通用的/多用途的處理器3.brain-activitymonitors 大腦活動(dòng)監(jiān)視器4.textmessages 短信，文字信息，文本信息5.digitalsignals

數(shù)字信號(hào)6.thelow-resolutiondisplay 低分辨率顯示器7.thesubtlevibration 細(xì)微的振動(dòng)8.brain-computerinterfaces 腦機(jī)接口，腦機(jī)界面1.(para.1)Yettheimpactonitswearerswasprofound—foretelling,perhaps,afuturewhenwedependonourelectronicdevicestoexperiencelifeasmuchaswerelyonoureyes,ears,andskin.然而，它對(duì)穿戴者的影響卻是深遠(yuǎn)的–也許預(yù)示了未來(lái)我們會(huì)像用眼睛、耳朵和皮膚一樣依賴電子設(shè)備來(lái)體驗(yàn)生活2.(para.2)Donningthem,heforecasts,willallowusto“senseandcapturemanymorethingsabouttheworld”andtocommunicatethosesensationsinnewways.他預(yù)言，穿上它們，將會(huì)使我們能夠感知并注意到更多事物，并能用新的方式交流這些感覺(jué)。3.(para.4)Electroniccommunicationhaslongbeenlimitednotbycomputingpowerbutbytheabilityofmachinestounderstandus.電子通信技術(shù)不是被計(jì)算能力限制，而且是被計(jì)算機(jī)理解人類的能力所限制。4.(para.6)Inthecomingeraofwearablecomputing,asHarrisonforeseesit,wewillmanipulatedigitalbitsthesamewaywedorealobjects—withourhands.正如哈里森所預(yù)見的，在未來(lái)可穿戴計(jì)算技術(shù)時(shí)代，我們將會(huì)像用手把持真實(shí)物體一樣地操控?cái)?shù)字比特。5.(para.6)“Touchisareallypowerful,wonderfullyintuitivething,”hesays,addingthatalthoughthetouchscreensontoday’ssmartphones,tablets,andwatchesareastepintherightdirection,“they’reprettylame.”他說(shuō)，觸覺(jué)是很強(qiáng)大和極富直覺(jué)的，而且，盡管如今智能手機(jī)，平板，和智能手表上的觸摸屏已經(jīng)是向著正確的發(fā)展方向邁進(jìn)了一步，但它們還是很差勁。6.(para.9)Google’sdigitalpersonalassistant,Now,hasthesmartstofigureoutthelocationsofyourhomeandworkplacejustbytrackingyourmovementsduringtheday.谷歌的數(shù)字個(gè)人助手“Now”可以跟蹤你白天的活動(dòng)軌跡，智能地定位你家和工作地點(diǎn)。7.(para.10)Formanyresearcherswhoworkinwearablecomputing,theultimategoalistodesignmachinesthatusedatafromthebrainandbodytounderstandtheworldinhumanterms.對(duì)于很多從事可穿戴計(jì)算技術(shù)研究的人員來(lái)說(shuō)，最終的目標(biāo)是設(shè)計(jì)出能夠利用來(lái)自大腦和身體的數(shù)據(jù)用人類的方式來(lái)理解事物的機(jī)器。8.(para.11)Inthefuture,peoplewillwearBCIsconstantlywhilealsosportingcameras,microphones,andothersensorsthatwillsimultaneouslyrecordeverythingtheysee,hear,andfeel.將來(lái)，人們會(huì)時(shí)常穿戴各種腦機(jī)界面，同時(shí)佩戴有攝像頭、麥克風(fēng)和其他各種傳感器來(lái)同時(shí)記錄他們看到聽到和感覺(jué)到的事物。9.(para.11)Overtime,thesemachineswilllearntoanticipateyouractionsandemotionsandwillautomaticallytailoryourenvironmenttosuityourneeds—mutingyouralertswhenyou’reinanimportantmeeting,dimmingthelightswhenyoudriftofftosleep.隨著時(shí)間的過(guò)去，這些機(jī)器就學(xué)會(huì)去預(yù)測(cè)你的動(dòng)作和情緒，并且會(huì)自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)周圍環(huán)境來(lái)適應(yīng)你的需求–你在開重要會(huì)議時(shí)把各種提示音調(diào)到靜音，你昏昏欲睡時(shí)把燈光調(diào)暗。10.(para.11)Theymayevenrecognizesubtlecuesyoudon’tnoticeorcan’tsense,suchasearlysignsofdepressionortheonsetofamigraine.它們甚至?xí)R(shí)別你注意不到或感覺(jué)不到的細(xì)微的變化，例如，抑郁癥和偏頭痛發(fā)作的早起跡象。第二單元1.sensingcapabilities

傳感能力2.navigationmotioncontrol

航海運(yùn)動(dòng)控制3.householdappliances

家用電器4.Tele-operatedmobilesystems

遙控系統(tǒng)5.bombdisposal

拆彈排除6.miningandmineralextraction

采礦和礦物提取7.cross-disciplinaryeducation

跨學(xué)科教育1.(para.1)Robotsareknowntosavecosts,toimprovequalityandworkconditions,andtominimizewasteofresources.眾所周知，機(jī)器人能夠節(jié)省成本，提高工作質(zhì)量和改善工作條件/環(huán)境，并且能把最大限度地減少資源的浪費(fèi)。2.(para.2)Withouttheuseofrobotictechnologies,cost-effectiveproduction,apillarofEuropeanwealth,wouldnotbepossibleinEuropebecauseofrelativelyhighlaborcosts.因?yàn)闅W洲人力成本較高，如果不使用機(jī)器人技術(shù)，經(jīng)濟(jì)高效的生產(chǎn)就不可能成為歐洲的財(cái)富支柱。3.(para.3)Significantapplicationopportunitiesexistintheemergingserviceroboticssectors,whoseproductswillimpactonoureverydaylivesbycontributinghigh-value-addedservicesandprovidingsaferworkingconditions.重要的/大量的應(yīng)用機(jī)會(huì)出現(xiàn)在新興的服務(wù)機(jī)器人行業(yè)，這些行業(yè)制造的產(chǎn)品能提供高附加值的服務(wù)和更安全的工作環(huán)境，將會(huì)對(duì)我們的日常生活產(chǎn)生重大影響。4.(para.3)Theagingpopulationwilldrivetheapplicationofrobotictechnologiesthatimprovethequalityoflifeandassistpeopletolivelongerandmorecomfortablyintheirownhomes.人口老齡化將推動(dòng)機(jī)器人技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，提高(他們的)生活質(zhì)量，幫助人們?cè)谧约杭依锷畹酶L(zhǎng)壽更舒適。5.(para.5)Bothunmannedandmannedmissions,beitinEarthorbitorinterplanetary,willbeprecededoraugmentedbyrobots.無(wú)論是在地球軌道還是在星際軌道上，都要先用機(jī)器人或是增加機(jī)器人來(lái)執(zhí)行無(wú)人駕駛和有人駕駛的航天飛行任務(wù)。6.(para.6)Buildinganearlyawarenessoftheresultingethical,legal,andsocietal(ELS)issueswillallowtimelylegislativeactionandsocietalinteraction,whichwillinturnsupportthedevelopmentofnewmarkets.早早認(rèn)識(shí)到由此帶來(lái)的一些倫理、法律和社會(huì)問(wèn)題，就可以使我們及時(shí)進(jìn)行立法和社會(huì)干預(yù)，并進(jìn)而為新市場(chǎng)的開拓提供支持7.(para.7)Europeansocietyandmanyothersintheworldarecurrentlyfacinganumberofchallengesincludingdemographicandeconomicchanges.歐洲社會(huì)和其他地區(qū)目前正面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn)，如，人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化。8.(para.8)Existingnationallawsandinternationalconventions,aswellasdifferentethicalandculturalperspectivesandsocietalexpectationsacrossthedifferentstatesofEuropeneedtobetakenintoconsideration.必須要考慮現(xiàn)有的國(guó)家法律和國(guó)際慣例，同時(shí)也要顧及到歐洲各國(guó)不同的倫理、文化觀點(diǎn)/觀念和社會(huì)預(yù)期9.(para.9)Onlyinthelongtermwillhumansandrobotsbecomemoreintegratedandwillthesophisticationoftheinteractionincrease.只有從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，人和機(jī)器人的整合度會(huì)更高，之間的互動(dòng)會(huì)更復(fù)雜。10.(para.12)Amorewidespreaduseofrobotsmayleadtofurtherlabordisplacementandanextensionofthedigitaldivide.更廣泛地使用機(jī)器人可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致進(jìn)一步的勞動(dòng)力替代和數(shù)字鴻溝的擴(kuò)大。第三單元1.

akeydeterminant

關(guān)鍵的決定因素2.

robuststrategies

魯棒策略3.

regionalmarkets

區(qū)域市場(chǎng)4.

oversupply

供過(guò)于求5.

annualcompoundrate

年復(fù)合增長(zhǎng)率6.

Liquidity

流動(dòng)性;流動(dòng)資金;資產(chǎn)流動(dòng)性7.

exportpermits

出口許可8.

valuegains

價(jià)值增值1.(斜體字)Thereishugeuncertaintyabouthowglobalgasmarketswillevolve,buttheextentofthevalueatstakemakesitimperativeforliquefiednaturalgassuppliersandbuyerstoactnow.全球天然氣市場(chǎng)將如何演進(jìn)存在著巨大的不確定性，但是對(duì)液化天然氣賣家和買家而言，涉險(xiǎn)價(jià)值/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的變化幅度讓他們必須現(xiàn)在就行動(dòng)起來(lái)。2.(para.1)Unforeseeneventshavedisruptedthegasmarketinthelasteightyearsbutparadoxicallylentitadegreeofstability—forthetimebeing,atleast.在過(guò)去的八年里，一些未曾料到的事件擾亂了天然氣市場(chǎng)，但是矛盾的是，天然氣市場(chǎng)卻表現(xiàn)出一定程度的穩(wěn)定，至少是暫時(shí)地。3.(para.3)Butbecauseuncertaintyaboutfuturepriceshasmadebuyersreluctanttosignnewlong-termcontractsundertraditionaltermsthatlinkgaspricestooilprices,developersofgasreservesoutsideNorthAmericahavebeenhesitanttosanctionnewLNGfacilities,particularlyasLNGprojectcostsarerisingrapidly.因?yàn)槲磥?lái)價(jià)格的不確定使得買家不愿意按照傳統(tǒng)的氣價(jià)和油價(jià)相關(guān)聯(lián)的條款來(lái)簽訂長(zhǎng)期合同，所以，現(xiàn)在又正值液化天然氣工程的施工成本快速上漲的時(shí)候，北美之外的天然氣(氣藏)開發(fā)商們對(duì)是否批建新的LNG設(shè)施就顯得遲疑不決。4.(para.4)Butbydoingnothing,LNGdevelopersriskforgoingfutureprofitablesupplyopportunities,andLNGbuyersriskextendingthecurrentsupplyshortage.但是，如果什么都不做，液化天然氣開發(fā)者放棄的會(huì)是未來(lái)可能盈利的供應(yīng)機(jī)會(huì)，而對(duì)液化天然氣買家來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)前供應(yīng)短缺進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也增加了。5.（para.5）Overthepastdecade,regionalgasmarketshavebecomemuchmoreconnected,withthenumberofLNGorpiperoutescarryingoverfivebillioncubicmetersperannum-morethandoublingbetween2001and2011.在過(guò)去十年中，區(qū)域天然氣市場(chǎng)之間的聯(lián)系更加緊密，每年液化天然氣或管道運(yùn)輸數(shù)的總量超過(guò)五十億立方米，是2001至2011年總量的兩倍多。6.（para.5）Yetdespiteincreasedlinkages,gaspricesinregionalmarketshavediverged.

然而，盡管聯(lián)系增加了，區(qū)域市場(chǎng)的天然氣價(jià)格已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了分化。7.(para.6)InNorthAmerica,rapidgrowthinshale-gasproductionhasledtofouryearsofoversupplyandplummetinggasprices.在北美，快速增長(zhǎng)的頁(yè)巖氣生產(chǎn)曾經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了四年的供大于求和天然氣價(jià)格直線下降(暴跌)。8.(para.7)InAsia,LNGpriceshavebeenboostedbyeconomicgrowth,coupledwithJapan’sdecisionin2011toshutdownitsnuclearcapacityfollowingtheFukushimadisaster.在亞洲，因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)以及日本在福島核電站災(zāi)難后于2011年決定關(guān)閉核電產(chǎn)能，液化天然氣價(jià)格已經(jīng)大大上升。9.(para.8)Atthesametime,liquidityontradedgasmarketsroseasbuyerswhofoundtheyhadcontractedexcesscapacitysoughttoselliton.與此同時(shí)，當(dāng)買家發(fā)現(xiàn)他們簽訂的合同出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩，他們就尋求轉(zhuǎn)售，此時(shí)，天然氣交易市場(chǎng)的流動(dòng)性就增加了。

10.(para.9)NorthAmericanexportscouldbehighlyprofitableatrecentLNGpricesof$18perMMBtubutcouldstillturnaprofiteveniftheyfelltoaslowas$12perMMBtu.北美的出口可能在最近液化天然氣價(jià)格為每MMBtu18美元的行情下盈利頗豐，但即使每MMBtu跌至12美元，仍能獲利。

第五單元1.atomiclattice

原子晶格2.ultra-light

components

超輕型部件3.commercialproduct

商業(yè)產(chǎn)品4.plasticproduct塑料制品5.breakthroughsynthesismethod

突破性合成方法6.electronictechnology

電子科技7.grapheneparticles石墨烯顆粒1.

(para.2)NowaKoreanresearchlabmayhavemadetheleapfromtheoreticaltopracticalwiththedevelopmentofanewwaytosynthesizeit,potentiallyonacommercialscale.現(xiàn)在，一家韓國(guó)研究室可能已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了從理論到實(shí)踐的跨越，研發(fā)了一種合成石墨烯的新方法，可潛在地運(yùn)用于工業(yè)規(guī)模的生產(chǎn)。2.(para.3)Thesubstance,"theperfectatomiclattice,"boastsanumberofhugelyattractiveproperties,meaningithasthepotentialtobeusedinmyriadindustries,andforahugerangeofpurposes.該物質(zhì)——“完美的原子晶格”——具有許多非常有吸引力/引人注目的性能，意味著它具有用于無(wú)數(shù)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的潛能/可能性，而且可用于各種用途3.(para.4)Aswellasbeingsuper-strong--20timesstrongerthandiamond,200strongerthansteelandsixtimeslighter--itisalsoremarkablyconductive,bothelectricallyandthermally.它不僅強(qiáng)度超強(qiáng)——強(qiáng)度是金剛石的20倍，是鋼材的200倍且只有其1/6重——而且它的導(dǎo)電性和導(dǎo)熱性都極高。4.(para.9)Itcouldbeusedtocreateultra-lightcomponentsfor,say,theaviationindustry,dramaticallyreducingtheweightofaircraft--andthussignificantlyimprovingfuelefficiency--withoutcompromisingstrengthorintegrity.它可用來(lái)為航空工業(yè)制造超輕零件，這會(huì)大幅度地減輕飛行器的重量，極大地改善燃油效率，而不用增加動(dòng)力或損害項(xiàng)目的完整性。5.(para.12)Ifthisdeficiencycanbeovercome,however,graphenecouldbeusedinahugerangeofdevicesasasuper-fastreplacementforsilicontransistors,whicharealreadyreachingtheircapacity.然而，如果此缺陷能被解決，石墨烯作為硅晶體管的超高速替代品，就可以廣泛用于多種設(shè)備。而硅晶體管的性能已接近極限。6.(para.13)Whilethisisenoughforresearcherstotestitspropertiesandunderstandthetantalizingbenefitsofthematerial,itisnotsufficienttoproduceitformasscommercialuse.盡管小晶體已足夠研究人員用來(lái)測(cè)試其性能、了解此材料誘人的好處，但還不足以生產(chǎn)出大規(guī)模商業(yè)用途的產(chǎn)品。7.(para.15)TheSamsungAdvancedInstituteofTechnologylastweekannouncedithaddeveloped

“abreakthroughsynthesismethod”

ofproducinggraphene,andthehopesarethatthiswillpavethewayforthecommercializationofthematerial.三星高級(jí)技術(shù)研究院上周宣布，已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種生產(chǎn)石墨烯的“突破性合成方法”，并希望這將為該材料的商業(yè)化應(yīng)用鋪平道路。8.(para.16)Samsungseesgrapheneasthe"perfectmaterial"fornextgenerationdevice,andthebreakthroughcouldhavehugeimplicationsforitscommercialproduction.三星把石墨烯看作是制造下一代設(shè)備的“完美材料”，此項(xiàng)突破可能對(duì)其商業(yè)化開發(fā)產(chǎn)生巨大影響/有著巨大的意義。9.(para.19)Thematerial'sconductivitywouldmakechargingadevicetakeamatterofseconds,anditsstrength,durabilityandflexibilitywouldallowSamsungtotrulyinnovatewithawholerangeofnewdevicesandwaystointeractwithtechnology.該材料的導(dǎo)電性會(huì)使設(shè)備充電只需幾秒時(shí)間，它的強(qiáng)度、耐久性和柔韌性使三星公司能生產(chǎn)門類齊全的新設(shè)備以及找到與技術(shù)交互的方法，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的革新。10.(para.20)IthasnotbeenrevealedifSamsungplanstomakethegroundbreakingsynthesisprocesspublic,amovethatwouldrapidlyacceleratetheadoptionofgrapheneintodailyuse.三星尚未透露是否打算把這項(xiàng)開創(chuàng)性的合成過(guò)程對(duì)外公布，一旦公布將迅速加快石墨烯在日常生活中的應(yīng)用。

第六單元1.equipmentperformance

設(shè)備性能

2.maintenanceefficiency

維修效率3.high-capacitycomputing

高容量計(jì)算

4.performanceanalytics

性能分析5.capitalinvestment

資本投資

6.wirelesssensors無(wú)線傳感器7.commonmisperception

常見的誤解

8.Cloudcomputing

云計(jì)算1.(para.2)Therealityisthatsuchtechnology,whilerequiringsomecapitalinvestment,helpsreducefacilityoperatingcostsovertime.事實(shí)是，這樣的技術(shù)，盡管需要一些資本投資，但長(zhǎng)期有助于降低設(shè)備運(yùn)營(yíng)成本。2.(para.5)Smartbuildingtechnologyinvestmentstypicallypayforthemselveswithinoneortwoyearsbydeliveringenergysavingsandmaintenanceefficiencies.智能樓宇/建筑技術(shù)投資往往在一兩年內(nèi)通過(guò)節(jié)省能源和提高維護(hù)效率即可收回成本。3.(para.6)Thecostofwirelesssensorshasdroppedbelowthe$10-per-unitthreshold,makinginstallationofasmartbuildingmanagementsystemmuchmoreaffordablethaninthepast.無(wú)線傳感器的成本已經(jīng)下降到低于每件10美元的門檻，使得安裝智能樓宇/建筑管理系統(tǒng)要比過(guò)去更實(shí)惠。4.(para.7)Asmartbuildingmanagementsystemcantransmitdatageneratedfromhundredsofbuildingstoasingle“commandcenter,”wherefacilitiesprofessionalsusecomplexautomatedalgorithmstomonitorequipmentperformance.智能樓宇/建筑管理系統(tǒng)能把眾多樓宇所產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)揭粋€(gè)“指揮中心”,在那里設(shè)備專家使用復(fù)雜的自動(dòng)算法來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備性能。5.(para.7)Withtoday’saffordablehigh-capacitycomputing,acompanycanuseonesmartbuildingmanagementservicetomonitorandcontrolhundredsoffacilitiesaroundtheworld