2023年考研考博-考博英語-西南大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英語-西南大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen（

）inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmancancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.問題1選項(xiàng)A.glidingB.cruisingC.pilotingD.patrolling2.單選題Retirementisobviouslyaverycomplex（

）periodandtheearlieryoustartplanningforit,thebetter.問題1選項(xiàng)A.transitionB.transactionC.transmissionD.transformation3.單選題Evenwhentextbooksare（

）throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.問題1選項(xiàng)A.commonplaceB.standardizedC.competitiveD.generalized4.單選題Scientists,whoarenowawareofhownautilusesregulatetheirbuoyancy,havebeenabletodispel（

）ideasaboutthesecreatures.問題1選項(xiàng)A.erroneousB.misdemeanorsC.misgivingsD.misdirection5.單選題Duetopersonality（

）,thetwocolleaguesnevergowellinwork.問題1選項(xiàng)A.confrontationB.contradictionC.conflictD.competition6.單選題Schoolstartedona（

）colddayinFebruary.問題1選項(xiàng)A.severeB.bitterC.suchD.frozen7.翻譯題Translatethe.followingshortparagraphsintoEnglish本世紀(jì)初，小麥簡直就是加拿大西部的命脈。小麥?zhǔn)粘珊茫?jīng)濟(jì)則繁榮；小麥歉收，經(jīng)濟(jì)則蕭條。城市中大街小巷的人們都在關(guān)注著小麥的收成和價(jià)格，這種心情就好像他們就是種植者一樣。小麥的市場行情成了人們的熱門話題。戰(zhàn)爭使西部糧食市場發(fā)生了許多戲劇性的變化。多年以來，農(nóng)民們不信任在糧食交易所從事的糧食投機(jī)買賣。秋季的麥價(jià)一般都較低，但是農(nóng)民們等不到市場好轉(zhuǎn)。他們常常在小麥一收割后就賣掉，過后則眼睜睜看著小麥漲價(jià)，投機(jī)者從中發(fā)財(cái)。在各種時(shí)機(jī)，農(nóng)民團(tuán)體曾多次要求政府對市場嚴(yán)加控制，但政府不想卷入其中，直到戰(zhàn)爭期間，麥價(jià)有失控的危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，政府才介入。由于迫切需要控制通貨膨脹和生活費(fèi)用上漲，聯(lián)邦政府設(shè)立了一個(gè)糧食監(jiān)督委員會(huì)來處理從1917年至1918年的糧食收繳工作。8.單選題Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman:he（

）overthemeetingwithgreatskill.問題1選項(xiàng)A.presidedB.administeredC.masteredD.executed9.單選題Beforethebankwaswillingtolendhimmoney,ithadto（

）thathewasthetrueownerofthehouse.問題1選項(xiàng)A.verifyB.entrustC.acknowledgeD.grant10.單選題Itisunfairto（

）fromthesetwoincidentsandsaythatallyoungmenarerecklessdrivers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.deduceB.generalizeC.minimizeD.transfer11.單選題Ifwouldbedifficultforoneso（）tobeledtobelievethatallmenareequalandthatwemustdisregardrace,color,andcreed.問題1選項(xiàng)A.emotionalB.broadmindedC.tolerantD.intolerant12.單選題Accordingtolegalprovisions,thepropertieswilleither（

）theoriginalownerorelsebesoldatauction.問題1選項(xiàng)A.committoB.backtoC.proceedtoD.revertto13.單選題Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthe（

）hillintogreenwoods.問題1選項(xiàng)A.vacantB.barrenC.weirdD.wasteful14.單選題The（

）ofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunderstandingtheuniverse.問題1選項(xiàng)A.essenceB.contentC.textureD.threshold15.單選題TheDuPontCompany,the13thlargestemployerintheU.S.，routinelygivespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobstodeterminewhomightbeacarrierofthetraitforsickle-cellanemia,eventhoughthetraitisregardedaslargelyharmless.Althoughthereareothergeneticallytransmittedblooddiseasesandmetabolicdisordersthatpredominateinracialorethnicgroups,blacksaretheonlyonestobeidentifiedwithadiseaseandexaminedforitatDuPont.InathreemonthstudyofgeneticscreeningintheAmericanworkplace,theNewYorkTimesfoundnootherinstanceofanethnicorracialgroupsingledoutinanorganizationorcompany.DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals.Yettheofficialscanoffernofirmevidencethatthetrait―notthedisease,butonlyasingleabnormalgene—makesblacksmorevulnerable.DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreeningandthusisatthecenterofthedebateoverthisareaofscience,debatesointense,sobroad,thatevenmedicaldirectorsfromothercompanieswhobelievethepossibilitiesofgeneticscreeningwantnopartofit.Atleast,nowtheofficialsatDuPontCompany,aleaderinthechemicalindustrywithannualgrosssalesofmorethan$10billion,feeltheyhavethemoneyandthescientiststoturnthedistrustintoachievement.Ifsomechemicalsarehighlytoxicandtheworkplaceislessthanpure,companyofficialsreason,itisonlylogicaltotrytodeterminewhysomeworkersgetsickerfasterandwhyothersseemtohavemoretoleranceforindustrialpoisons.Andsothecompanyislookingbeyondtheskillsandloyaltyofitsworkerstogeneticstructure.Thesickle-celltraitisnotthesameassickle-cellanemia.Theanemiaisrarebutdebilitatingdisorderfoundinfewerthan50,000Americanblacks,abouttwo-tenthsofapercentoftheblackpopulation.Perhapstwomillionotherblacksarecarriersofthetrait—theyareheterozygous.Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease.1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutDuPont?2.WhatdoDuPontofficialssay?3.Whatistrueaboutgeneticscreening?4.Theunderlinedword"toxic"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans（

）.5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecarriersofsick-celltrait?問題1選項(xiàng)A.ItexaminedthebloodofsomeblacksB.Itexaminedsomeblacksfortheirknowledgeofblood.C.Itdiscoveredthatsomeblackshavebloodillness.D.Itdiscoveredthebloodofsomeblackscontainingindustrialchemicals.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Theyaretryingtoprotectblacksformhealththreats.B.Theycanprovethatblacksarelikelytohavehealthproblems.C.Theyregardtheskillsofworkersasthemostimportantmatter.D.Theyhopethatothercompaniescanfollowtheirexample.問題3選項(xiàng)A.Itoftenaimsatblackemployees.B.Itsfocusisoftenonsickle-cellanemia.C.Somecompaniesdonotwanttodoit.D.TheUSgovernmentstronglysupportsit.問題4選項(xiàng)A.powerfulB.complexC.thickD.poisonous問題5選項(xiàng)A.Theirnumberisabout50,000.B.Theyusuallyseemtohavenormallives.C.TheyincludeoverhalfoftheblackpopulationD.Theydonotseemtobeaffectedbyindustrialchemicals.第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】B【解析】考察動(dòng)詞（ing形式）詞義辨析。Gliding“滑動(dòng)，掠過”；cruising“航行（海上）”；piloting“航行（空中）”；patrolling“巡邏，巡查”。句意：衛(wèi)星通訊是如此與時(shí)俱進(jìn)以致于商人們即使在太平洋上航行都可以與辦公室職員聯(lián)系，就如同他們就在隔壁。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。2.【答案】A【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。transition"過渡”；transaction“交易；事務(wù)”；transmission“傳動(dòng)裝置，傳送；transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換；改革；變形”。句意：退休很明顯是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過渡期，你越早計(jì)劃，越好。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。3.【答案】B【解析】考察名詞、形容詞詞義辨析。standardize“使符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”；commonplace“普通的，平庸的”；competitive“競爭的，競爭性的”；generalize“概括，歸納，推斷”。句意：即使當(dāng)教科書通過教育系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了，教學(xué)方式也會(huì)有很大變化。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。4.【答案】A【解析】考察形容詞、名詞詞義辨析。erroneous“錯(cuò)誤的”；misdemeanors“不法行為”；misgivings“擔(dān)憂，疑慮”；misdirection“引錯(cuò)方向”。句意：意識(shí)到了鸚鵡螺是如何控制自身在水中浮力的科學(xué)家們，已經(jīng)消除了對這些生物的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。5.【答案】C【解析】考察名詞、介詞辨析。personalityconflict“性格不合”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。6.【答案】B【解析】考察形容詞、副詞詞義辨析。severe“嚴(yán)厲的”；bitter“嚴(yán)寒刺骨地”；such“這樣的”；frozen“凍結(jié)的”。句意：在二月份極度寒冷的一天開學(xué)了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。7.【答案】Atthebeginningofthiscentury,wheatwasthelifelineofWestofCanada.Theeconomywouldprosperiftherewasagoodharvest,otherwisetheeconomywouldbedepressed.Peopleinurbanareasallpaidattentiontotheharvestandpriceofwheat,asiftheyweretheplanters.Andthemarketconditionofwheatbecameahottopic.Warhasbroughtaboutnumerousdramaticchangesinwesterngrainmarket.Formanyyears,farmershaveneverbeentrustinggrainspeculationactivities.Generally,thepricewasrelativelylowinfall,however,theycouldnotwaitthehighprice.Theywouldsellwheatonceharvested,andcouldonlyseespeculatorsgaingreatbenefitfromtheincreasingofwheatprice.Duringvariousperiodsoftime,farmergroupshadrequiredthegovernmentstocarryoutstrictcontroluponthegrainmarket,butthegovernmentwouldn’twillingtointerveneuntilthepricewaslostcontrolduringthewar.Asitbecameurgenttocontrolinflationandlivingexpenses,theFederalgovernmentsetuptheGrainOversightCommitteetodealwiththebuyingandsellingofgrainduring1917to1918.

8.【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。presideover“主持”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。9.【答案】A【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。verify“核實(shí)，查證”；entrust“委托，信托”；acknowledge“承認(rèn)，答謝”；grant“授予”。句意：在貸款給他之前，銀行會(huì)先證實(shí)他是否是這房子真正的主人。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。10.【答案】A【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deduce“推論”；generalize“概括，推廣”；minimize“使減到最少；最小化”；transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)接”。句意：從這兩件事來推斷是不公平的，說所有的年輕人都是莽撞的司機(jī)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。11.【答案】B【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。emotional“感情的”；broadminded“愿意聽取不同意見的”；tolerant“忍耐的”；intolerant“不能容忍的，偏狹的”。句意：很難讓偏狹的人相信眾人是平等的，我們拒絕種族、膚色、宗教。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。12.【答案】D【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。committo“把……投入”；backto“后退到”；proceedto“繼續(xù)下去”；revertto“回復(fù)；歸還”。句意：根據(jù)法律規(guī)定，這些財(cái)產(chǎn)將歸還給原主，否則就被拍賣。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。13.【答案】B【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。vacant“空虛的；空的”；barren“貧瘠的；不生育的”;weird“怪異的”；wasteful“