2023年考研考博-考博英語-全國醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)考考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英語-全國醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)考考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題6.問題1選項(xiàng)A.2.6B.3.5C.3.9D.1362.單選題Thereareilleffectsonthehealthofolderpeoplewhentheiractivitiesarerestricted;（

）,interventionthatincreasestherangeoftheiractivitiespromotestheirhealth.問題1選項(xiàng)A.inadditionB.incontrastC.inturnD.inshort3.單選題14.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Sheisabsent-minded.B.Sheisinhighspirits.C.Sheisindifferent.D.Sheiscompassionate.4.單選題

Ifthereisagooddrugavailable,itiseveryone’sresponsibilitytomakesurepatientscan（

）it.問題1選項(xiàng)A.affordB.demandC.tolerateD.supply5.單選題Beforeadrugisapprovedandlaunchedintothemarket,asignificantamountoftimeandmoneyisspentinanefforttoselectthemosteffectiveonefromseveraldrug（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.adversariesB.candidatesC.volunteersD.manufacturers6.單選題14.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Thewomanistoooptimisticaboutthestocksmarket.B.Thewomanwillevenlosemoremoneyatthestockmarket.C.Thestockmarketbubblewillcontinuetogrow.D.Thestockmarketbubblewillsoonmeetitsdemise.7.單選題問題1選項(xiàng)A.Thewomanneedsatreatment.B.Thewomandidn’tgetpaidthisweek.C.Themanwillprobablypayforthedinner.D.Themanwillsplitthebillwiththewoman.8.單選題問題1選項(xiàng)A.Thelittleboyisrestlessandnaughty.B.Themanwillhelptakecareofthelittleboy.C.Thewomanhastospendthedayinthelab.D.Thewoman’ssonshouldnotstayinthelab.9.單選題1.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Themanisbusy.B.Themanhastroublebreathing.C.Themanisoutoftownonbusiness.D.Themanishidinghimselffromthewoman.10.單選題16-20問題1選項(xiàng)A.Liverfailure.B.Breastcancer.C.Kidneyfailure.D.Diabetesoutofcontrol.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Shape.B.Color.C.Price.D.Size.問題3選項(xiàng)A.Itismuchsmallerthanamicrowave.B.Itleavesmuchroomforreduction.C.Itisadjustable.D.Itisperfect.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Itisunderaclinicaltrial.B.Itisavailableinthemarket.C.Itiswidelyusedintheclinic.D.Itisintheexperimentalstage.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Thecommercialcompanieshaveinvestedalotinthenewmachine.B.Thefurtherdevelopmentofthemachineisinfinancialtrouble.C.Thefederalgovernmentfinancestheresearch.D.Themachinewillcomeintobeinginnotime.11.單選題2.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Takeaholidayfromwork.B.Worrylessaboutwork.C.Takesomesleepingpills.D.Workhardertoforgetallhertrouble.12.單選題5.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Herdaughterlikesballgames.B.Herdaughterisanexcellentgirl.C.Sheandherdaughteraregoodfriends.D.Sheandherdaughterwon’tunderstandeachother.13.單選題26-30問題1選項(xiàng)A.Vegetativepatientsaremoreaware.B.Vegetativepatientsretainsomecontroloftheireyemovement.C.EEGscansmayhelpuscommunicatewiththevegetativepatients.D.Weusuallycommunicatewiththebrain-deadpeoplebybrain-wave.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Theleft-handsideofthebrain.B.Theright-handsideofthebrain.C.Thecentralpartofthebrain.D.Thefrontpartofthebrain.問題3選項(xiàng)A.31B.6C.4D.1問題4選項(xiàng)A.Thepatientwasbrain-dead.B.Thepatientwasn’tbrain-dead.C.Thepatienthadsomecontroloverhiseyemovements.D.Thepatientknewthemovementheorshewasmaking.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Thepatientisnotechnicallyvegetative.B.Thepatientcancommunicateinsomeway.C.Wecantrainthepatientofspeak.D.Thefamilymembersanddoctorscanprovidebettercare.14.單選題21-25問題1選項(xiàng)A.About10,000,000.B.About1,000,000.C.About100,000.D.About10,000.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Acocktailofvitamins.B.Acocktailofvitaminsplusmagnesium.C.ThecombinationofvitaminsA,CandE.D.E.D.E.D.Thecombinationofminerals23.問題3選項(xiàng)A.Thedelicatestructuresoftheinnerear.B.Theinnerearcells.C.Theeardrums.D.Theinnerearossicles.24.問題4選項(xiàng)A.GeneralMotors(通用汽車公司).B.TheUnitedAutoWorkers(汽車工會(huì)).C.NIH.D.Allofabove25.問題5選項(xiàng)A.AnindustrialtrialinSpain.B.Militarytrials(軍事審判)inSpainandSweden.C.IndustrialtrialsinSpainandSweden.D.AtrialinvolvingstudentsattheUniversityofFlorida.15.單選題8.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Acustomsofficer.B.Theman'smother.C.Aschoolheadmaster.D.Animmigrationofficer.第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】W:Hello,Eric,whatcanIdoforyou?M:Iwaswonderingifyouhadtheresults.W:Oh,yes,theresults.We’vegotthem.M:Great.W:Herewego.Urea(尿素)2.6,Sodium(鈉)136,andPotassium(鉀)3.9.M:3.5.W:No,that’s3.9Q:Whatistheman’ssodiumlevel?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說：Sodium（鈉）136，故選D。2.【答案】B【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.inaddition此外B.incontrast與此相反C.inturn依次；輪流；反過來D.inshort總之；簡(jiǎn)而言之【答案】B【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析?！窘忸}思路】當(dāng)老年人的活動(dòng)受到限制時(shí)，他們的健康會(huì)受到不良影響；……擴(kuò)大他們活動(dòng)范圍的干預(yù)措施可以促進(jìn)他們的健康。由本句前后句句意可知，前后所表達(dá)意思相反，所以此處應(yīng)填入B選項(xiàng)“與此相反”?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)inaddition表此外的意思，而這里前后兩部分表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，A選項(xiàng)無法表示轉(zhuǎn)折；C選項(xiàng)inturn依次；輪流；反過來，當(dāng)這個(gè)短語表示“反過來”時(shí)，多指前后兩者相輔相成相互影響，該選項(xiàng)不表示相反的意思，和原文語境不符合；D選項(xiàng)inshort總之；簡(jiǎn)而言之，不表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折含義。【句意】當(dāng)老年人的活動(dòng)受到限制時(shí)，他們的健康會(huì)受到不良影響；相反，增加他們活動(dòng)范圍的干預(yù)可以促進(jìn)他們的健康。3.【答案】D【解析】W:Here’sanextrablanket.Letmetuckyouin.M:You’resosweet.Whatisyourname?W:MynameisAlice.I’llbeonshiftduringthedayforthenextfewdays.Q:Whatcanbesaidofthewoman?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)話中女士要給男士加一條毛毯，男士說：You’resosweet，可知女士非常熱心。4.【答案】A【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.afford承受；買得起B(yǎng).demand要求；需求C.tolerate忍受D.supply提供；供給【答案】A【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。【解題思路】如果有一種好的藥可用，確保病人……藥品是每個(gè)人的責(zé)任。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起，買的起。因此選A.afford“承受；買得起”?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意?！揪湟狻咳绻幸环N好的藥物可用，每個(gè)人都有責(zé)任確?；颊吣軌蜇?fù)擔(dān)得起。5.【答案】B【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.adversaries對(duì)手；敵人B.candidates候選人；候選者C.volunteers志愿者D.manufacturers制造商【答案】B【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】在一種藥物被批準(zhǔn)并投入市場(chǎng)之前，要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和金錢從多種……藥物中選擇最有效的那種。由本句句意可知選擇最有效的，是要從眾多候選、待選的藥物中進(jìn)行選擇，所以B選項(xiàng)“候選人，候選者”符合題意?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意?！揪湟狻吭谝环N藥物被批準(zhǔn)并投入市場(chǎng)之前，要花大量的時(shí)間和金錢從幾種候選藥物中選擇最有效的一種。6.【答案】A【解析】W:IthinkIcouldrecoverthecoughattheendofthisyear.M:I’msorrytoburstyourbubble,butthestockindexstillrangesbetween1900and2900afterayear.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?【解析】常用習(xí)語。女士認(rèn)為今年年底該站穩(wěn)了（股市會(huì)反彈），男士說：I’msorrytoburstyourbubble，即認(rèn)為女士過于樂觀。7.【答案】C【解析】6.M:Let’seatouttonight,shallwe?W:I’mbroke.I’vegonethroughmypaycheckfortheweekalready.M:Don’tworryaboutit.It’smytreat.Q:What’scanbeinferredfromtheconversation.【試題答案】C【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：從這段交談中可以得出什么？由文中“Don’tworryaboutit.It’smytreat.（不用擔(dān)心，我請(qǐng)客）”，可知C選項(xiàng)“Themanwillprobablypayforthedinner.（男士有可能買單）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)女人需要治療”；B選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)女人這周沒有拿到工資”；D選項(xiàng)“男士將與女士AA制”不符合原文。8.【答案】D【解析】9.W:Hi,Tony.Thisismyson,Philippe.Therewasaproblemwithhisdaycaretoday.He’llbespendingthedayhereinthelabwithme.I’llteachthemallaboutdoingresearch.M:Well,I’mnotsurethisisagoodplaceforalittleboy.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?【試題答案】D【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：這個(gè)男人什么意思？由文中“He’llbespendingthedayhereinthelabwithme.（他今天會(huì)和我一起待在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里。）”和“Well,I’mnotsurethisisagoodplaceforalittleboy.（我不確定這個(gè)地方適合一個(gè)小男孩待著。）”，可知D選項(xiàng)“Thewoman’ssonshouldnotstayinthelab.（女士的孩子不應(yīng)該帶到實(shí)驗(yàn)室）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“小男孩又好動(dòng)又淘氣”；B選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)男人會(huì)幫助照顧這個(gè)小男孩”；C選項(xiàng)“女人不得不整天待在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里”不符合原文。9.【答案】A【解析】W:Idon’tseemuchofyouthesedays,wherehaveyoubeen?M:Iamworkingonabigproject.Idon’tevenhavetimetobreath.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?【解析】推斷題。男士說：Idon’tevenhavetimetobreath(我甚至沒時(shí)間呼吸)，由此推測(cè)他很忙。10.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:B第4題:D第5題:C【解析】Alotofdoctorscantellwhat'swrongwithyoubysleeping,andIcandothisbysmelling.ThisactuallygoesbacktothedayofancientGreece.Forexample,youcanwalkintoaroomorgetclosetoapatientwhohaddiabetesthatisnotwellcontrolled.Thereisakindofsweetishsmell.ThatmeansIcanwalkintoaroomandtellifapatienthaskidneyfailureorliverfailure.Andnowthereisamachinethatcandothattoo.Itisfascinatingthattherehavebeenthesemachinesinthepast,buttheywerejustenormous.Thesemachinesareimpossibletouseclinically,because,youknow,inawholeroomfortheequipments.Sointhepast,theywerenotusedintherapy.Butthenewly-inventedonesareverysmallandconcise.Theyusenewlasertechnologyandnowavailablegiventhesizeofthemachine.Unliketheprevious,theyarejustofthesizeofmicrowave.However,theyareverymuchintheexperimentalstage.Interesting.Unlikeanyofthesethingswhichareproducedbycommercialcompany,thisworkisbeingdonebythefederalgovernment.16.Whatdiseasecan’tbesmelt?【解析】從短文開始可知，男士通過嗅覺感知有“diabetes”糖尿病病人的存在，女士接著又提到如果病人“kidney”（腎臟）或者“l(fā)iver”（肝臟）功能有問題是否能感知到。因此未被提及的病只有B（乳腺癌）。17.Whatwastheproblemofthemachineinthepast?【解析】從男士的話語中可知，過去使用的機(jī)器是“enormous”（巨大的），由此可知是尺寸太大的問題，故D選項(xiàng)是正確答案。18.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?【解析】根據(jù)短文的最后一句可知，新款機(jī)器還“verymuchintheexperimentalstage”（很大程度處于試驗(yàn)階段），由此可推理得知這款機(jī)器還有很大的濃縮空間。故選B。19.Whatstageofthenewmachineisnow?【解析】根據(jù)上文的解析可知，D為正確答案。20.Whatisthedifferenceaboutthemachinesfromthepastones?【解析】在最后男士說：“與商業(yè)公司生產(chǎn)的藥品不同,這次是由聯(lián)邦政府做的”。由此可知，該產(chǎn)品是由聯(lián)邦政府支持研發(fā)并提供資金支持。故本題選C。11.【答案】B【解析】W:IsthereanythingelseIcandotohelpmesleeptonight?M:Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork.Iknow,Iknow,easiersaidthandone.W:ShouldIstayhomefromwork?M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary,justremembertostaycalm.Q:Whatdidthedoctorsuggestthewomando?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。醫(yī)生建議：Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork（少想工作），故選B。12.【答案】D【解析】W:I’vebeensoworriedaboutmydaughter.She’ssodifferentintemperamentfromme.Wearenotalwaysonthesamewheeling.M:That’squitecommonwithmothersanddaughters.W:Sheisafurtherpersonalityandverymuchontheball,butsheisanexcitablechild.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?【解析】常用習(xí)語。女士說：Wearenotalwaysonthesamewheeling，意思是他們經(jīng)常無法達(dá)成一致。13.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:C第4題:B第5題:C【解析】(26)Brainwavescannersmightmakeitpossibletocommunicatewithpeoplewhoareconsideredbrain-dead,accordingtoanewstudyreportedintheEconomist.Acoupleofrecentstudieshaveshownthatasmallminorityofvegetativepatientsmightbemoreawarethantheyseem.Now,DamienCruse,withtheMedicalResearchCouncilsCognitionandBrainSciencesUnitinCambridge,UK,thinksEEGmachineswillbeabletohelpthesepatientscommunicate.Theteamasked6healthyvolunteerstowearEEGdevices,whichconnectelectrodestoaperson’shead.Theywereaskedtorespondtoanaudibletonebyimaginingthattheyweresqueezingtheirrighthandsorwigglingthetoesofbothfeet.(27)Theresearchersfoundthatthevolunteers’brainresponseswereclearlydifferent-thehand-squeezingactivatedtheleft-handsideofthebrain,andthetoewigglingproducedaresponseinthecenterofthebrain.Thentheytestedtheprocedureonapatientwithlocked-insyndrome,whowasalmostcompletelyparalyzedbutretainssomecontrolofhiseyemovements.Hisbrainresponseswerethesame.Finally,(29)theytestedtheprocedureonapatientwhohadbeendeclaredvegetative2yearsearlier.TheywatchedtheEEGsignalsandwereabletodeducewhichmovementthepatientwasimagining.(28)Thesameteamhadstudied23vegetativepatientsover4yearsandfound4patientswereabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyes-or-noquestionsbychangingtheirbrainactivity.Theywereaskedtoimagineplayingtenniswhentheywantedtogiveoneresponse,orwalkingaroundthehousewhentheywantedtogivetheother.(30)Sincethepatientswereresponsive,they’renottechnicallyvegetative,theresearcherssay.Proofthattheycancommunicatethatthey’renotbrain-deadwouldhavemajorimplicationsforfamilymembers’anddoctors’decisionsabouttheircare.26.Whatdoesthistalkmainlytellus?【解析】文章提到：腦波掃描可能使得人們與腦死亡病人交流成為可能。故選C。27.Forthe6healthyvolunteers,whichpartofthebraindidthehand-squeezingimaginationactivate?【解析】根據(jù)文章可知實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果大為不同：攥拳頭激發(fā)了大腦的左半部，而動(dòng)腳趾激發(fā)了大腦的中部。故選A。28.Ofthe23vegetativepatients,howmanywerefoundtobeabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyesor-noquestions?【解析】原文信息是…studied23vegetativepatients...found4patientswereabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyes-or-noquestionsbychangingtheirbrainactivity，即參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的23個(gè)植物人病人中有4個(gè)被發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)問題有持續(xù)反應(yīng)。故選C。29.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudyonthepatientdeclaredvegetative2yearsearlier?【解析】根據(jù)文章描述，研究者通過EEG信號(hào)觀察，那些兩年前被診斷為植物人的病人，即可以知道病人在想些什么，證明那些是有大腦活動(dòng)的，并不是真正的腦死亡。故選B。30.WhenEEGsignalsindicatethatavegetativepatientisresponsive,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?【解析】通過對(duì)第26題與第29題的解答，可知A和B選項(xiàng)的表述正確。文章最后提到這一研究結(jié)果對(duì)于家屬和醫(yī)生護(hù)理有很好的的借鑒意義，所以D項(xiàng)正確。文章沒有提到C項(xiàng)。14.【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:B第4題:C第5題:C【解析】(21)About10millionpeopleintheU.S.alone,fromtroopsreturningfromwartostudentswithmusicblastingthroughheadphonesaresufferingfromimpairingnoise-inducedhearingloss.TheriseintrendissomethingthatresearchersandphysiciansattheUniversityofMichiganCresgoHearingResearchInstitutearehopingtoreverse,withthecocktailofvitaminsandthemineralmagnesium(鎂)thatshallpromiseasapossiblewaytopreventhearinglosscausedbyloudnoise.Thenutrientsweresuccessfulinlaboratorytests.Andnowresearchersaretestingwhetherhumanswillbenefitaswell.(22)ThecombinationofvitaminsA,CandEplusmagnesiumisgivenonpillformtopatientswhoareparticipatingintheresearch.DevelopedattheUMCresgoHearingResearchInstitute,themedication,calledOralQuell,isdesignedtobetakenbeforeapersonisexposedtotheloudnoise.Untiladecadeago,itwasthoughtthatnoisedamagedhearingbyintensemechanicalvibrationsthatdestroyeddelicatestructuresoftheinnerear.Therewasnointerventiontoprotecttheinnerearotherthanreducingtheintensityofsoundreachingit,suchasearplugswhicharenotalwayseffective.(23)Itwasthendiscoveredthatnoisecausedintensemetabolicactivityintheinnerearandproductionofmoleculesthatdamagetheinnerearcells.Andthatallowsthediscoveryofinterventiontopreventtheseeffects.(24)Thelaboratoryresearchthatledtoanewunderstandingofmechanismsunderlyingnoise-inducedhearinglosswasfundedbyNIH,thePreclinicalTranslationResearchthatledtotheformulationofOralQuellaseffectivepreventativewasfundedbyGeneral