2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Immigrationofficialshavetobeverycarefulindecidingwhetherto（）alloronlysomeofthoseillegalimmigrants.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.dissolveB.deportC.distractD.detect2.單選題GregoryCurrie,aprofessorofphilosophyeattheUniversityofNottingham,recentlyarguedinTheNewYorkTimesthatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusaspeople,becausethereisno“compellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyorsociallybetterforreadingTolstoy”orothergreatbooks.Actually,thereissuchevidence.RaymondMar,apsychologistatYorkUniversityinCanada,andKeithOatley,aprofessorofcognitivepsychologyattheUniversityofToronto,reportedinstudiespublishedin2006and2009thatindividualswhooftenreadfictionappeartobebetterabletounderstandotherpeople,empathize(起共鳴)withthemandviewtheworldfromtheirperspective.Thislinkpersistedevenaftertheresearchersfactoredinthepossibilitythatmoreempatheticindividualsmightchoosetoreadmorenovels.Recentresearchincognitivescience,psychologyandneurosciencehasdemonstratedthatdeepreadingofbooksisadistinctiveexperience,verydifferentfromtheinformation-drivenreadingwedoontheWeb.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,requireaconventionalbook,thebuilt-inlimitsoftheprintedpageareuniquelyconducivetothedeepreadingexperience.Abook'slackofhyperlinksallowsthereadertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative,withouthavingtomakesuchdecisionsaswhethertoclickonalinkornot.Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichinsensorydetailandemotionalandmoralcomplexity,bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthesamebrainregionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.Theemotionalsituationsandmoraldilemmasthatarethestuffofliteraturearealsovigorousexerciseforthebrain,propellingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandevenincreasingourreal-lifecapacityforempathy.Thisisnotreadingasmanyyoungpeoplearecomingtoknowit.Theirreading,mostlydoneonscreen,ispragmaticandinstrumental.Ifweallowourchildrentobelievereadingonscreenisallthereis,wewillhavedeprivedthemofanenjoyableandenlighteningexperiencethatwillenlargethemaspeople.Insteadmoldingoureducationaroundyoungpeople’sattachmenttodigitaldevicesandonscreenhabits,weneedtoshowthemsomeplacethey’veneverbeento,aplaceonlydeepreadingcantakethemto.1.Prof,GregoryCurriearguesthat（）.2.ThestudiesofRaymondMarandKeithOatleyshowthat（）.3.Deepreadingofpaperbookscomparedwithreadingontheweb（）.4.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheauthor（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.literaturedoesn'tshowpeople’smoralorsocialstandardsB.onlygoodliteratureshowspeople’smoralandsocialvaluesC.readingfictionwon'timprovepeoplemorallyorsociallyD.onlyreadinggreatbooksbenefitspeoplemorallyandsocially問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.empatheticpeoplearemorelikelytoreadnovelsoftenB.empatheticpeoplehaveabetterperspectiveontheworldC.readingfictionencouragespeopletobemorepersistentD.readingfictionhelpspeopleunderstandothersbetter問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.requiresreaderstodomorecarefulthinkingB.enablesreaderstostayabsorbedinthestoryC.givesreadersmanylinkstoothermaterialsD.allowsreaderstochoosetheirfuturereading問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.supportsuseofdigitaldevicesinclassroomB.prefersreadingonscreentoreadingpaperbooksC.takesapositiveapproachtoeducationreformsD.holdsanegativeattitudetowardreadingonscreen3.單選題Ihavenoideaoffashion,somychoiceofclothesseemsquitearbitrary.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.assertiveB.decisiveC.optionalD.tasteful4.單選題ResearchersattheUniversityofIllinoisdeterminedthatthe（）ofafathercanhelpimproveachild’sgrades.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.involvementB.communicationC.interactionD.association5.翻譯題Idon’trecallFrenchcivilizationfeelingsoimportantinmylifetime.Therewillbeuglyargumentsoverthecomingweeks,oncethefirstshockpasses,overwhowasresponsible,howthisdisasterhappened,whatnegligencewasinvolved.Butinthosesilent,reverent,hymn-singingcrowdsonthestreetsofParis,IalsosawthepossibilityofaFrenchcoming-togetherinthedeterminationtorebuildnotonlytheNotre-Damecathedral,butalsoanationshakenbytheviolenceoftheYellowVestmovementandthesocialdivisionsitreflects.ThestoryofNotre-Dameisastoryofenduranceandrebirth.6.單選題Wearesorrytoinformyouthattheshipmentisnot（）thestandardinthecontract.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.duetoB.accordingtoC.priortoD.upto7.單選題Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.TodaythemessagesyouraverageWesternerisbombardedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonisforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedsomeonetotellusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.1.BycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat（）2.Theword“bummer”(Line4.paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething（）.3.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising（）.4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves（）5.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic.B.artgrowoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeeling.C.artisthavechangedtheirfocusofinterest.D.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.unpleasantB.religiousC.entertainingD.commercial問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happypartB.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitselfC.replacethechurchasamajorsourceofinformationD.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness.B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbyrefreshing.C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied.D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmorality.D.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.8.單選題WhenI（）mysenses,Ifoundmyselfwrappedupinbedinmylittleroom,withGrandmabendingoverme.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.wokeupB.tooktoC.pickedupD.cameto9.單選題Intoday’scompetitivejobmarket,people,especiallyyoungmenarerequiredtobeaggressiveandindustrious.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.invasiveB.belligerentC.progressiveD.enterprising10.單選題YoucanarriveinLondonearlierforthemeeting（）youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.providedB.unlessC.thoughD.until11.單選題Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovinglivingstandardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（）3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen（）4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means（）5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（）問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.AdvocatingViolence.B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.violenceneversolvesanything.B.nothing.C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.D.everything.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.can’tgetahearing.B.arelookeddownupon.C.arepersecuted.D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.lawenforcement.B.knowledge.C.nonviolence.D.moppinguptheviolentmess.12.單選題CantheInternethelppatientsjumpthelineatthedoctor’soffice?TheSiliconValleyEmployersForum,asophisticatedgroupoftechnologycompanies,islaunchingapilotprogramtotestonline“virtualvisits”betweendoctorsatthreebiglocalmedicalgroupsandabout6,000employeesandtheirfamilies.ThesixemployerstakingpartintheSiliconValleyinitiative,includingheavyhitterssuchasOracleandCiscoSystems,hopethatonlinevisitswillmeanemployeeswon’thavetoskipworktotendtominorailmentsortofollowuponchronicconditions.“Withourlongcommutesandtraffic,driving40milestoyourdoctorinyourhometowncanbeabigchunkoftime,”saysCindyConway,benefitsdirectoratCadenceDesignSystems,oneoftheparticipatingcompanies.Doctorsaren’tclamoringtochatwithpatientsonlineforfree;theyspendenoughunpaidtimeonthephone.Only1in5haseveremailedapatient,andjust9percentareinterestedindoingso,accordingtotheresearchfirmCyberDialog.“Wearenotstupid,”saysStirlingSomers,executiveoftheSiliconValleyemployersgroup.“Doctorsgettingpaidinacriticalpieceisgettingthistowork.”Inthepilotprogram,physicianswillget$20peronlineconsultation,aboutwhattheygetforasimpleofficevisit.Doctorsalsofearthey’llbeswampedbyramblinge-mailsthattelleverythingbutwhat’sneededtomakeadiagnosis.SothenewprogramwillusetechnologysuppliedbyHealinx,anAlameda,Calif-basedstart-up.Healinx’s“SmartSymptomWizard”questionspatentsandturnsanswersintoasuccinctmessage.Thecompanyhasonlinedialoguesfor60commonconditions.ThedoctorcanthendiagnosetheproblemandoutlineatreatmentplanwhichcouldincludeE-mailingaprescriptionoraface-to-facevisit.CanE-mailreplacethedoctor’soffice?Manyconditions,suchaspersistentcough,requireastethoscopetodiscoverwhat’swrong—andtoavoidamalpracticesuit.EvenLarryBonham,headofoneofthedoctor’sgroupsinthepilot,believesthevirtualdoctor’svisitsoffera“verynarrow”sliverofservicebetweenphonecallstoanadvicenurseandavisittotheclinic.Thepilotprogram,settoendinninemonths,alsohopestodeterminewhetheronlinevisitswillboostworkerproductivityenoughtooffsetthecostoftheservice.Sofar,theinternet’srecordinthehealthfieldhasbeenunderwhelming.Theexperimentis“ahugerollofthediceforHealinx”,notesMichaelBarrett,ananalystatInternetconsultingfirmForesterResearch.Ifthe“Webvisits”succeed,expectsomeHMOS(HealthMaintenanceOrganizations)topayforonlinevisits.Ifdoctors,employers,andpatientsaren’tsatisfied,figureononemoreE-healthstart-upistostanddown.1.TheSiliconValleyemployerspromotetheE-healthprogramforthepurposeof（）.2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheon-linedoctors’visits?3.AccordingtoParagraph2,doctorsare（）.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthefutureofonlinevisitswillmostlydependonwhether（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.rewardingtheiremployeeB.gratifyingthelocalhospitalsC.boostingworkerproductivityD.testingasophisticatedtechnology問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Theyareaquitepromisingbusiness.B.Theyarefundedbythelocalgovernment.C.Theyarewelcomedbyallthepatients.D.Theyareverymuchunderexperimentation.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.reluctanttoserveonlinefornothingB.notinterestedinWebconsultationC.tootiredtotalktothepatientsonlineD.contentwith$20paidperWebvisit問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.theemployerswouldremainconfidentinthemB.theycouldeffectivelyreplaceofficevisitsC.HMOSwouldcoverthecostoftheserviceD.newtechnologieswouldbeavailabletoimprovetheE-healthproject13.單選題

Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（）hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.whichtobaseonB.onwhichtobaseC.tobaseonwhichD.whichtobebasedon14.翻譯題剪紙是中國(guó)最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國(guó)剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期特別流行。形式多樣的剪紙手法可以說(shuō)是很絕妙的，但剪紙藝術(shù)之獨(dú)特、栩栩如生的美的表現(xiàn)還要靠每一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的藝術(shù)造詣。15.單選題Theoldman（）defendedtherightofeverycitizentofreedomofchoiceinreligionwhichenabledhimtowintherespectofallpeople.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.peculiarlyB.indifferentlyC.vigorouslyD.inevitably16.單選題

Thesupervisordidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.athandB.inturnC.inconclusionD.atlength17.單選題Thepoorgirlcouldn’t（）fromhertearsanymorewhenhermothershowedup.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.remainB.refrainC.maintainD.strain18.單選題Assimilatingthereportincomputingrequiresmuchtime,forI’mnotspecializedinthisfield.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.DigestingB.IncorporatingC.ImitatingD.Compiling19.單選題Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.Forexample,insomesocieties,thenuclearfamilyistheunitthatregularlyeatstogether.TheanthropologistMaryDouglashaspointedoutthat,fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.Shedistinguishesbetweenregularmeals,Sundaymealswhenrelativesmaycome,andcocktailpartiesforacquaintances.Thefoodservedsymbolizestheoccasionandreflectswhoispresent.Forexample,onlysnacksareservedatacocktailparty.Itwouldbeinappropriatetoserveasteakorhamburgers.Thedistinctionsamongcocktails,regularmeals,andspecialdinnersmarkthesocialboundariesbetweenthoseguestswhoareinvitedfordrinks,thosewhoareinvitedtodinner,andthosewhocometoafamilymeal.Inthisexample,thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.Thementaketheirmealsinamen’shouse,separatelyfromtheirwivesandchildren.Womenprepareandeattheirfoodintheirownhousesandtakethehusband’sportiontothemen’shouse.Thewomeneatwiththeirchildrenintheirownhouses.ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.Eatingisametaphorthatissometimesusedtosignifymarriage.InmanyNewGuineasocieties,likethatoftheLesuontheislandofNewIrelandinthePacificandthatoftheTrobriandIslanders,marriageissymbolizedbythecouple’seatingtogetherforthefirsttime.Eatingsymbolizestheirnewstatusasamarriedcouple.InU.S.society,itisjustthereverse.Acouplemaygoouttodinneronafirstdate.Otherculturalruleshavetodowithtaboosagainsteatingcertainthings.Insomesocieties,membersofaclan,atypeofkin(family)group,arenotallowedtoeattheanimalorbirdthatistheirtotemicancestor.Sincetheybelievethemselvestobedescendedfromthatancestor,itwouldbelikeeatingthatancestororeatingthemselves.Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.Acastesystemconsistsofrankedgroups,eachwithadifferenteconomicspecialization.InIndia,thereisanassociationbetweencasteandtheideaofpollution.Membersofhighlyrankedgroupscanbepollutedbycomingintocontactwiththebodilysecretions,particularlysaliva,ofindividualsoflower-rankedcastes.Becauseofthefearofpollution,Brahmansandotherhigh-rankedindividualswillnotsharefoodwith,noteatfromthesameplateas,notevenacceptfoodfromanindividualorfromalow-rankingcaste.1.Accordingtothepassage,theEnglishmakecleardistinctionsbetween（）.2.Accordingtothepassage,whowillNOTeattogether?3.Accordingtothepassage,eatingtogetherindicatesallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.4.ThelastparagraphsuggeststhatinIndia（）decideshowpeopleeat.5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetopicofthepassage?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.peoplewhoeattogetherB.thekindsoffoodservedC.familymembersandguestsD.snacksandhamburgers問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.TheEnglish.B.Americansontheirfirstdate.C.MenandwomeninNearEasternsocieties.D.Newly-wedsontheislandofNewIreland.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.thetypeoffoodB.socialrelationsC.maritalstatusD.familyties問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.pollutionB.foodC.cultureD.socialstatus問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.Differentkindsoffoodintheworld.B.Cultureandmannersofeating.C.Symbolicmeaningsoffoodconsumption.D.Relationsbetweenfoodandsocialunits.20.單選題IndustrializationcametotheUnitedStateafter1790asNorthAmericanentrepreneursincreasedproductivitybyreorganizingworkandbuildingfactories.Theseinnovationsinmanufacturingboostedoutputandlivingstandardstoanunprecedentedextent;theaveragepercapitawealthincreasedbynearly1percentperyear—30percentoverthecourseofageneration.Goodsthathadoncebeenluxuryitemsbecamepartofeverydaylife.Theimpressivegaininoutputstemmedprimarilyfromthewayinwhichworkersmadegoods,sincethe1790’s,NorthAmericanentrepreneurs—evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements—hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficientbydistributingmaterialstoasuccessionofworkerswhoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess.Forexample,duringthe1820’sand1830’stheshoeindustrygreatlyexpandedthescaleandextendoftheoutworksystem.Tensofthousandsofruralwomen,paidaccordingtotheamounttheyproduced,fabricatedthe“uppers”ofshoes,whichwereboundtothesolesbywage-earningjourneymenshoemakersindozensofMassachusettstown,whereaspreviouslyjourneymenwouldhavemadetheensureshoe.Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”anderodedworkers’controloverthepaceandconditionsoflabor.However,italsodramaticallyincreasedtheoutputofshoeswhilecuttingtheirprice.Fortasksthatwerenotsuitedtotheoutworksystem,entrepreneurscreatedanevenmoreimportantneworganization,themodernfactory,whichusedpower-drivenmachinesandassembly-linetechniquestoturnoutlargequantitiesofwell-madegoods.Asearlyas1782theprolificDelawareinventorOliverEvanshadbuiltahighlyautomated,laborsavingflourmilldrivenbywaterpower.Hismachineryliftedthegraintothetopofthemill,cleaneditasitfellintocontainersknownashoppers,groundthegrainintoflour,andthenconveyedtheflourbacktothetopofthemilltoallowittocoolasitdescendedintobarrels.Subsequently,manufacturersmadeuseofnewimprovedstationarystreamenginestopowertheirmills.Thisnewtechnologyenabledthemtobuildfactoriesinthenation’slargestcities,takingadvantageofurbanconcentrationsofinexpensivelabor,goodtransportationnetworks,andeagercustomers.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.Theauthormentionstheshoeindustryinthesecondparagraphtoprovideanexampleofhow（）.3.Allofthefollowingarementionedaseffectsofchangesintheshoeindustryduringthe1820’sand1830’sEXCEPT（）.4.AllofthefollowingaretrueoftheoutworksystemEXCEPT（）5.Thepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasaresultofimprovementsinfactorymachinery?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ThedifficultiesofindustrializationinNorthAmericaB.TheinfluenceofchangesinmanufacturingonthegrowthofurbancentersC.TherapidspeedofindustrializationinNorthAmericaD.Improvedwaysoforganizingthemanufacturingofgoods問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.entrepreneursincreasedoutputbyusinganextendedoutworksystemB.entrepreneursusedtechnologicalimprovementstoincreaseoutputC.ruralworkersrespondedto“shoebosses”D.changesintheoutworksystemimprovedthequalityofshoes問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.anincreaseintheworker’sdependenceonentrepreneursB.anincreaseinthewagespaidtojourneymenshoemakersC.adeclineintheworkersabilitytocontrolthespeedofproductionD.adecreaseinthepriceofshoes問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Itinvolvedstagesofproduction.B.Itwasmoreefficientthanthesystemsusedbefore1790.C.Itmademanyemployerslesspowerfulthantheyhadbeenbefore.D.Itdidnotnecessarilyinvolveanytechnologicalimprovements.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.Itbecameeasierforfactoryownerstofindworkersandcustomers.B.Manufacturershadtoemploymorehighlyskilledworkers.C.Theamountofpowerrequiredforfactoriesoperatewasreduced.D.Factoriescouldoperatemorethanoneengineatatime.21.單選題Theindomitablespiritdisplayedbyathletesembodiesthenewlookofthisnation.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.specificB.unsubduableC.determinedD.industrious22.單選題Ihatepeoplewho（）theendoffilmthatyouhaven’tseenbefore.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.revealB.rewriteC.reviseD.reverse23.單選題Thetopmanagersarefullof（）towardthesalesvolumeofmobilephonesnextyear.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.curiosityB.optimismC.passionD.attitude24.單選題Inarecentstudy,neuroscientistsfoundthatplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldhelpimprovedyslexicchildren’sreadingspeed,andtheimprovementsdidnotfadewithtime.Researcherstestedthereadingabilityoftwogroupsof10-year-olddyslexicchildrenafteronegrouphadplayedactionvideogamesandtheotherplayednon-actionvideogames.Eachgroupwascomposedof10childrenwhoplayed80minutesofvideogamesadayforninedays,equaling12hoursofplayperchild.Theirreadingskillsweremeasuredonanumberoffactors,includinghowfasttheyreadwordsandhowaccuratelytheyreadthem.Resultsshowedthatimprovementsinreadingspeedachievedfromplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldevenexceedimprovementsgainedfromayear’sintense,traditionaltherapies.Scientistsaimedtoprovethatthere’sacorrelationbetweenadyslexicchild’svisualattentionspanandtheirabilitytoread.Actionvideogamesaredistinguishedfromnon-actionvideogamesbysuchcharacteristicsasgamespeed,ahighsensory-motorload,andpresentationofmultiple,peripheralstimuli.Actionvideogameplayersconstantlyreceivebothexternalandinternalfeedbackontheirperformance,producinglearning.Itturnedoutthattheassumptionsofresearcherswerecorrect.Actionvideogameplayersdefeatedtheirnon-actionpeersinimprovements.Onlyactiongamekidsshowedgeneralreadingimprovements,upto40percent,whilenon-actionreadersshowednoimprovement.Theactiongamersalsoimprovedtheirbasictextreadingbyasmuchas60percent,whilenon-actiongamersshowedamoremodest5percent-10percentga