高中英語(yǔ)外研版高中選修Revision英語(yǔ)-詞義猜測(cè)解題技巧-陳成-

猜測(cè)詞義

GuessMeanings

詞義猜測(cè)題常用的提問(wèn)方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto__________.2.Theword“…”probablymeans_________.3.Theword“…”couldbereplacedby_____.4.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.5.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?6.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......

QuestionPatterns1.Definition定義法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast對(duì)比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.GivingExamples舉例法8.CommonSense常識(shí)法7.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義6.Context情境法Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定義法：一般通過(guò)定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)或者從句來(lái)限定詞義。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout1,500yuanamonth.

(n.

牧羊人)●信號(hào)詞：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,--（破折號(hào)）等Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatbitesintotheskinandthendrinksblood.Hydrangeacanbedefinedasabushwithwhite,pinkorblueflowersthatgrowcloselytogetherintheshapeofalargeball.蚊子繡球花

◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.

木匠脊椎動(dòng)物2.Contrast對(duì)比法：利用文中的反義詞以及表對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞（組）猜測(cè)詞義。表示對(duì)比的信號(hào)詞有yet,but,while,though，however,otherwise,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,instead(of)等。

ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.骯臟的節(jié)約的

◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.◎Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.混亂

無(wú)辜的天生的

3.Similarity

相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞（詞組）或相似的結(jié)構(gòu)猜測(cè)詞義。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;極大的)當(dāng)被猜的詞前后有信號(hào)詞:or,like,as…as,thesameas等就可以通過(guò)同義詞、近義詞來(lái)確定詞義了。Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostas

plump

asmother,andmuchshorter.取代/代替胖乎乎的；豐腴的4.CauseEffect因果法：從原因推測(cè)結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測(cè)原因。

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

(adj.

貧窮的,窮困的)

(adj.

龐大的)因果關(guān)系CauseandEffect信號(hào)詞:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.有彈性的混濁的5.Example舉例法：利用文中的舉例猜測(cè)詞義。常見(jiàn)的舉例的信號(hào)詞有forinstance,forexample,suchas,such,like,especially,include,consistof等Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonhigh-qualityappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

家用電器)

Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelts,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽裝置/設(shè)備6.Context情境法：利用語(yǔ)境及前后的提示來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。Makeout理解；弄清楚=understand辨認(rèn)出；識(shí)別=figureout發(fā)聲；表達(dá)（心聲）=utterone’svoice6.Context情境法：利用語(yǔ)境及前后的提示來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。InthefadinglightIcouldmakeouthereandthereguns,hats,combattrousers,boots,abeard,anothergunandawhiteflag.v.識(shí)別；辨別6.Context情境法：利用語(yǔ)境及前后的提示來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。How

are

we

to

fitinto

the

new

Asian

strategic

system,

protect

our

interestsand

make

outourownvoices?v.發(fā)出（聲音）；表達(dá)（心聲）HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

6.Context情境法：利用語(yǔ)境及前后的提示來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。v.理解；明白；搞清楚7.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法：

英語(yǔ)單詞許多是由詞根、詞頭Prefix（前綴）和詞尾Suffix（后綴）所組成。PrefixExamplesSuffixExamplesdis-disagreedisappear-ablereasonableacceptable

im-impoliteimpatient-alnaturalpersonalin-informalinconvenient-fuldoubtfulpeaceful

mis-misleadmisunderstand-ouscautioushumorousun-unwillingunknown-lessendlesshopeless

en-enableendanger-iveeffectiveimpressive

I’mgoingtobuyamicrobus.

micro+bus微型公共汽車Thispossibilitywasunforeseeable，becauseitalmostneverhappened.un+foresee+able不可預(yù)見(jiàn)的8.CommonSense

常識(shí)法：根據(jù)普通常識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。

根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有常識(shí)推測(cè)詞義。比如了解一些英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)制度等，可以幫助加深對(duì)文章的理解，遇到生詞時(shí)，猜測(cè)詞義的能力自然就會(huì)增強(qiáng)。

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉劑(藥)

◎Oneofthesymptomscausedbythe2019-nCoVisahighfever.◎Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.

癥狀易揮發(fā)的顫抖Inquiry-basedActivities探究活動(dòng)Passage1Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.However，iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDContrast對(duì)比法Passage2

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BSimilarity相似法CauseandEffect因果法Passage3

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBCauseandEffect因果法Passage4

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