大學(xué)化學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)資料全

1.1.2.Q，Q，Q+WAU=Q-WW,AU(UHU(A)ATIAfHm(B,T),B(VB=+1)OOKPa,K-10K(S0=0)J?mol-1?K-1BCDpT298.15K15K),kj/molo)(ArSm△rSm=SviSm(lmol)S J-0KSmSviSmA.C12(g)B.Br2(l)C.KC1(s)D.K(s)E.Na(s)A>B>OD>E；AA CFEArGm kJ?mol-lo(ArGm) (ArHm) (ArSm)(TArGm=ArHm-TArSm)為:N2(g)+3H2(g)=2NH3(g), (1)298K(298K), (2)(3)400KK令11N2(g)H2(g)NH3(g)GJ(298.15K)/kJ-moki0016.43AfH7(298.15K)/kJ-mok100-46.435人(298.15K)/j-molK'i191.5130.6192.31M(298K)vB(298K)=-32.86kJ-mol-K0(2) (298K)= (298K)=-92.86kJmol-1d'm(298K)=vB(298K)=(2x192.3-191.5-3x130.6)Jmol-1K-1=-198.7Jmol-l-K-1△rH°(298K) -92.86xlO3Jmol1“==467.3K S°(298K)-198.7Jmol1?K1Tc< ’(3)'衛(wèi)二(4002? (298K) (298K)=[-92.86-400x(-0.1987)]kJmol-l=-13.38kJ-mol-1=4.023-ArG八(400K)=-(-13.38x10J?mo=4.023In"(400K)=RT8.314JmoKn400K (400K)=55.88KmA+nBMpC+qD Kc=[c(C)"p*c(D)"q]/[c(A)"m*c(B)"n]-AGOK0 -AGOK0-AG0K? -AG?K?0.100mol/LAgNO30.100mol/LFe(N03)2 0.0100mol/LFe(N03)3Fe2+(aq)+Ag+(aq)=Fe3+(aq)+Ag(s),25°CK=2.98o (1)(Q=(0.0100/1.0)/[(0.100/1.0)*(0.100/1.0)]=1.0〈/八=2.98(2) Ag+Fe2+Fe3+Fe2+(aq)+Ag+(aq)=Fe3+(aq)+Ag(s)?fe3+ xFe2+(aq)+Ag+(aq)=Fe3+(aq)+Ag⑸)0.100 0.100 0.0100XXX0.100-x 0.100-x 0.0100+x[(0.0100+x)/1.0]/[(0.100-x)/1.0*(0.100-x)/1.0]=2.98 X=0.013C,(Fe3+)=0.023mol/L C,(Fe2*)=C/(Ag+)=0.087mol/LC(s)+H20(g)-*C0(g)+H2(g), 298KlOOkPaAfHm&(H20)-241.81kJ/mol,AfHm八(C0)=-110.52kJ/mol,Sm&(C,s)=5.74J/(K?mol),Sn/(H20,g)=118.83J/(K?mol),S(CO,g)197.67J/(K?mol),S(H2,g)=130.68J/(K?mol)C(s)△2mkJC(s)△2mkJ?mol-1 0HmkJ-mol-1 0SmJ?moll?K15.74TOC\o"1-5"\h\z-228.6 -137.2 0-241.8 -110.52 0188.83 197.67 130. 68AG°(298K)=(-137.2)-(-228.6)=91.4(kJ/mol)>0298KH°(298K)=(-110.52)-(-241.8)=131.3(kj/mol)GAS(2984K)=(130.68)+(197.68)-(5.74)-(188.83)=133.9(J?mol-1?K-l)山AG°八AH°(298K)-T-AS°(298K)八AH°(298K)-T-AS°(298K)=0T=AH(298K)/AS(298K)=(131.3)/(133.9)X10-3=980.6K980.58K)8.(1)A=B；K10 (2)BCD；K26(B)A.(K10K20)2B.K16K26C.K20/K10D.K16/K209.10.(C)A11 11 （氫離子H-）12pKafPO；H3P04,HP04-c,a,K(HAc)=ceq(H")-ccq(Ac-)ccq(HAc)-K_ca-caco14c(l“)\~a al-a13.1,K/(B)A.PhB.NaAc,C.D.0H(C)Ph1L,0.10mol/LHacHdcKaNaAcHacKaCPh14.pHpH=pcLg—=+lg—0.20mol?dm-3HAc0.20mol?dm-3NaAc(1)pH(2)50cm3(1)HAc0.50cm3,1.Omol?dm-3HC1pKaO=4.75,HAcAcpHAcpH=pKa0(2)HC1?lgC(HAc)/C(Ac-) 4.75?lg0.2/0.2=4.75?lgl=4.75C(H*)=0.50X10-3X1.0/(50+0.5)X10-3八0.009mol.dm-3AcHAcoHAc19.19.C(HAc)QO.20mol.dm3+0.009mol.dm 3=0.209mol.dm-3C(Ac-)aO.20mol.dm-3-0.009mol.dm3=0.191mol.dm-3pHpKaO-lgC(HAc)/C(Ac-)=4.75-lgO.209mol.dm-3/0.191mol.dm-3=4.75-lgl.15=4.75-0.20=4.55MnO2+4HC1-*MnC12+C12+2H2O21-+2Fe3+=I2+2Fe2+Zn+Cd2+=Zn2++Cd17.4470Vo29&15KCu2+/Cu(Cu2+/Cu)=0.3419V> (Fe2+/Fe)=-O.Fe2+/Fe h(1)Fe+Cu2+=Cu+Fe2+(2)(Cu2+/Cu)一曠(Fe2+/Fe)=0.7889v=-nF八=-2X96485c?mol-IXO.7889V=-152.23kJ=-nF八=-2X96485c29&15K K&152.23x1000八二4.6X1026InKJ—W(298.15K)/RT=-八二4.6X102618.(Au,PtPtAu)>S2->I->Br->Cl->OH-> (N03->S042-)>F-Ag+>Hg2+>Fe3+>Cu2+>H+Pb2+Sn2+Fe2+Zn2+>H20 >A13