宏觀(guān)課件第一章緒論

宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Macroeconomics授課教師：王樹(shù)強(qiáng)電子郵件：wsqxaf@126.com答疑安排：

Macroeconomics1WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUT教材：《宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》最新版高鴻業(yè)主編中國(guó)人民大學(xué)出版社推薦參考書(shū)：《宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》（第七版），多恩布什（美）等著，中國(guó)人民大學(xué)出版社《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理》曼昆著，北京大學(xué)出版社Macroeconomics2WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUT授課方式：

口授為主，兼顧課堂討論。課下作業(yè)：

按時(shí)完成。成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定

總成績(jī)=平時(shí)成績(jī)×20%+期末考試×80%

平時(shí)成績(jī)：作業(yè)占40%考勤占40%其它表現(xiàn)（勤學(xué)好問(wèn)、回答問(wèn)題）占20%Macroeconomics3WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUT第一章緒論

宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展

宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)與微觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究的主要問(wèn)題

為什么要學(xué)習(xí)宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Macroeconomics4WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUT1、新古典學(xué)派：

創(chuàng)立者：馬歇爾。創(chuàng)建了微觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。特征：市場(chǎng)出清.一、宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展2、馬克思再生產(chǎn)理論著重于對(duì)資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)周期之矛盾的深刻分析Macroeconomics5WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUT3、20世紀(jì)30年代大蕭條與凱恩斯革命（宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)科的產(chǎn)生）

建立了宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論基本構(gòu)架，研究經(jīng)濟(jì)周期的成因和政府干預(yù)方法-------需求管理。4、

供給學(xué)派

滯脹背景下產(chǎn)生，反對(duì)政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)干預(yù)，主張市場(chǎng)自發(fā)調(diào)節(jié)-----供給管理，一、宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展Macroeconomics6WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUT5、貨幣學(xué)派：主張將貨幣供給量作為經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的唯一指標(biāo)，反對(duì)財(cái)政政策的有效性。6、新古典宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)：市場(chǎng)自發(fā)調(diào)節(jié)，經(jīng)濟(jì)政策無(wú)效論7、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)理論：注重經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)研究，不關(guān)注短期波動(dòng)。一、宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展Macroeconomics7WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUT1、區(qū)別：

1）性質(zhì)：

宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)：總體分析--充分就業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)

微觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)：個(gè)體分析--效用與利潤(rùn)最大2）方法：

宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)：實(shí)證分析；微觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)：規(guī)范分析二、宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)與微觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Macroeconomics8WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUT例如：微觀(guān)：?jiǎn)T工工資↓廠(chǎng)商成本↓利潤(rùn)↑宏觀(guān)：每個(gè)工人工資↓消費(fèi)↓總需求↓產(chǎn)出↓失業(yè)↑注意：總體經(jīng)濟(jì)行為決非個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的簡(jiǎn)單加總。二、宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)與微觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Macroeconomics9WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUT二、宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)與微觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)2、相同點(diǎn)：1）立論基礎(chǔ)：以市場(chǎng)機(jī)制和經(jīng)濟(jì)個(gè)體行為為基礎(chǔ)

計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)不是宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)宏觀(guān)分析以微觀(guān)分析為其基礎(chǔ)，例如：國(guó)家產(chǎn)出為企業(yè)產(chǎn)出加總2）研究目標(biāo)：資源優(yōu)化配置。3）方法：供求均衡分析。Macroeconomics10WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUTMacroeconomics11WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUTMacroeconomics12WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUTMacroeconomics13WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUTMacroeconomics14WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUTMacroeconomics15WangShuqiangManagementSchoolHEBUTMa序cr來(lái)oe撥co鄭no史mi粘cs16Wa翅ng芝S制hu共qi猛an勤g嫂M倦an昆ag低em錢(qián)en哨t安Sc恥ho述ol練HE險(xiǎn)BU脹TMa笛cr千oe天co辜no資mi奮cs17Wa慣ng際S蠟hu抄qi嚼an占g債M妹an掘ag富em代en助t梯Sc斥ho閥ol間HE浸BU腎T三、宏觀(guān)選經(jīng)濟(jì)型學(xué)研罪究的扮主要逐問(wèn)題1、國(guó)民恩收入工決定動(dòng)理論擋：從遼總支晶出角欲度，分華析國(guó)躍民收班入決男定及俘其變差動(dòng)的鑒規(guī)律--喘--凱恩托斯經(jīng)蒜濟(jì)學(xué)漲基礎(chǔ)朋。2、開(kāi)放撇經(jīng)濟(jì)收理論鄙：國(guó)家噸之間繁的經(jīng)拋濟(jì)相移互影知響3、宏觀(guān)留經(jīng)濟(jì)哀政策：宏饑觀(guān)經(jīng)仇濟(jì)政焰策的董制定招依據(jù)榮和作輪用原鼠理，4、失業(yè)播與通敢貨膨備脹理弓論：研羽究總撇供求露關(guān)系滔，分香析失業(yè)席與通悶貨膨漸脹相焦互關(guān)怨系，諷以便占找出逐解決鐵這兩愈個(gè)問(wèn)淘題的綢途徑姓。5、經(jīng)濟(jì)施周期涉與經(jīng)纖濟(jì)增趁長(zhǎng)理錄論：分析學(xué)國(guó)民售收入世短期需波動(dòng)敲的原虹因，共長(zhǎng)期飄增長(zhǎng)扁的源夕泉等傅問(wèn)題脖，以山期實(shí)捉現(xiàn)經(jīng)伐濟(jì)長(zhǎng)煙期穩(wěn)丘定的寧發(fā)展好。Ma搏cr辨oe驕co稅no包mi搜cs18Wa忍ng趁S焰hu魂qi影an劉g標(biāo)M想an循ag哲em帽en程t鋤Sc吩ho雜ol懶HE么BU畝T四、為什估么學(xué)磨習(xí)宏障觀(guān)經(jīng)驚濟(jì)學(xué)1、處須理個(gè)疤人事與務(wù)的盆需要個(gè)人凍理財(cái)憤、就域業(yè)決思策等乒等2、企裳業(yè)決圈策的窮需要人口捷環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)賀