版新教材英語人教版選擇性必修第二冊課件UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSSectionⅣExpandingYourWorld

UNIT

1

SCIENCE

AND

SCIENTISTSSection

Ⅳ

Expanding

Your

WorldⅠ.

單詞分層默寫1.單詞拼寫①____________n.霍亂②_______________adj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的③______________n.感染；傳染④__________n.證據(jù)；證明；檢驗cholerafrustratedinfectionproof⑤______________n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人⑥__________________adj.相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的⑦__________vt.把……歸咎于；責怪；指責n.責備；指責⑧_________n.聯(lián)系；紐帶v.把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)⑨___________n.把手；拉手；柄vt.處理；搬動；操縱⑩_________n.微生物；細菌；病菌?_________adj.干凈的；純的；純粹的linkhandlegermpurehouseholdcontradictoryblame?_____________n.減少；降低；減少量vt.&vi.（使大小、數(shù)量等）減少；減小?______________n.pl.統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料；統(tǒng)計學(xué)?______________vi.認購（股份）；定期訂購；定期交納（會費）?________adj.未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的rawdecreasestatisticsubscribe?__________n.病毒?__________adj.可靠的；固體的；堅實的n.固體?_________v.倒出；傾瀉；斟?________________adj.優(yōu)秀的；杰出的；明顯的?__________n.弱點；過錯pouroutstandingfaultvirussolid2.拓展單詞①___________adj.十分嚴重的；極為惡劣的；嚴厲的→_____________adv.嚴重地；嚴格地；嚴厲地②___________v.使感染；傳染→______________n.感染；傳染③____________vt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象→______________adj.有嫌疑的④_________adj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→___________adv.純粹地；僅僅，只不過severeseverelyinfectinfectionsuspectsuspectedpurepurely⑤______________vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變vt.使改觀;使改變形態(tài)→___________________n.轉(zhuǎn)化；改造；轉(zhuǎn)變⑥_____________n.思想；思維；見解→__________v.想→____________n.想法→____________n.思想家⑦____________adj.最初的；開始的；第一的→______________adv.最初，首先⑧___________vt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解→____________n.防御；保衛(wèi)⑨______________n.助手；助理→___________vt.幫助；協(xié)助；援助→_______________n.幫助；協(xié)助thoughtthinkerinitialinitiallydefenddefenceassistantassistassistancetransformtransformationthinkingthink⑩___________adj.平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)步的；穩(wěn)定的→_____________adv.平穩(wěn)地；持續(xù)地?____________n.發(fā)現(xiàn)；調(diào)查結(jié)果;（法律）判決→_________vt.找到;發(fā)現(xiàn)?_______________n.天文學(xué)家→______________n.天文學(xué)?_______________adj.機械的；發(fā)動機的；機器的→_____________n.機械師；機械修理工→____________n.機械裝置，機器?_____________adj.抽象的；理性的n.（文獻等的）摘要→________________n.抽象；提取astronomerastronomymechanicalmechanicmachineabstractabstractionsteadysteadilyfindingfind?______________adj.聰穎的；絕妙的；明亮的→__________________adv.燦爛地；輝煌地；光亮地?___________adj.有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的→_________n.禮物；天賦；贈品?__________adj.生動的；鮮明的；豐富的→____________adv.清晰地；生動地；強烈地vividvividlybrilliantbrilliantlygiftedgiftⅡ.

短語搭配翻譯1.最終地；徹底地_____________________onceandforall2.同意；贊同_________________subscribeto3.幸虧；由于______________thanksto4.水泵_______________waterpump5.照料；照顧______________attendto6.死于……_____________diefrom7.分娩_______________givebirth8.一般來說_______________ingeneral9.查明_____________findout10.由于……___________________asaresultof11.對……有影響______________________haveanimpacton12.努力________________witheffort13.（戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然開始；爆發(fā)______________breakout16.患（?。蝗旧希ㄐ〔。_____________comedown17.指出______________pointout18.夢想_____________dreamof19.最重要的是______________aboveall14.主管，掌管_________________inchargeof15.接受挑戰(zhàn)__________________________takeonthechallengeⅢ.

教材原句翻譯1.在英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.2.然而，他始終沒有放棄徹底根除霍亂的愿望。___________________________________________________________________________However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.3.一種看法是空氣污染引發(fā)疾病。____________________________________________________Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.4.他發(fā)現(xiàn)霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴重，十天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.5.斯諾首先在地圖上標出所有死者住所的確切位置。________________________________________________________________________________________Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.6.斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。_____________________________________________________Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.7.由于當時無人知道如何預(yù)防或治療霍亂，年輕的約翰·斯諾醫(yī)生很沮喪。________________________________________________________________________________________________________Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.8.這些性格特點的奇特組合使得他成為二十世紀與二十一世紀最偉大的思想家之一。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thisoddcombinationofcharacteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand21stcenturies.9.也許再沒有哪一位科學(xué)家比錢學(xué)森對中國航天科學(xué)的影響更大了。________________________________________________________________________________________________________PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.10.他受到了祖國英雄般的歡迎，受命發(fā)展中國的火箭科學(xué)以及航天和導(dǎo)彈項目。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.Ⅳ.

書面表達結(jié)合本單元主題，使用本單元詞匯與句型寫一篇語言流暢、用詞準確、邏輯嚴密的短文。1.在我看來，成就偉大科學(xué)家的是他們的科學(xué)精神——專心、勤奮、決心等。（make的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）2.多虧了科學(xué)精神，偉大的科學(xué)家們?nèi)〉昧嗽S多突出的成就。（thanksto;outstanding）3.沒有錢學(xué)森在導(dǎo)彈和火箭方面全心全意的工作，中國就不會在短時間內(nèi)成為世界上一個如此強大的國家。4.袁博士研制的雜交水稻大大減少了世界上的饑餓人口。（decrease）5.此外，作為學(xué)生，如果我們能把科學(xué)精神用于我們的學(xué)習中，那么我們一定會實現(xiàn)我們的目標。（furthermore;apply…to…）6.我們不僅要尊重這些偉大的科學(xué)家，而且要學(xué)習他們的科學(xué)精神。（notonly…butalso…）[答案]Inmyopinion,whatmadethemgreatscientistsaretheirscientificspirits-devotion,diligence,determinationandsoon.Thankstothescientificspirits,thegreatscientistshavemademanyoutstandingachievements.Forinstance,withoutQianXuesen’sdevotedworkonmissilesandrockets,Chinawouldn’thavebecomesuchapowerfulcountry/sopowerfulacountryintheworldinashorttime.ThehybridricethatDr.Yuandevelopedhasdecreasedthenumberofthehungrypeoplearoundtheworldgreatly.Furthermore,asstudents,ifwecanapplythescientificspiritstoourstudy,wewillcertainlyachieveourgoals.Notonlyshouldweshowrespectforthegreatscientists,butalsoweshouldlearnthescientificspiritsfromthem.單詞的魔性Iwishtowishthewishyouwishtowish,butifyouwishthewishthewitchwishes,Iwon’twishthewishyouwishtowish.對于“wish”這個詞，相信很多人都只知道它是“希望”的意思，但其實它還有其他意思。這個句子就是個很好的例子。1.第一個“wish”是動詞，意為“希望”。2.“towish”中的“wish”是動詞，意為“夢想”。3.“thewish”中的“wish”是動詞，意為“夢想”。4.“youwish”中的“wish”是動詞，意為“夢想”。5.“towish”中的“wish”是動詞，意為“夢想”。6.“youwish”中的“wish”是動詞，意為“夢想”。7.“thewish”中的“wish”是名詞，意為“夢想”。8.“thewitchwishes”中的“wish”是動詞，意為“夢想”。9.“won’twish”中的“wish”是動詞，意為“夢想”。10.“thewish”中的“wish”是名詞，意為“夢想”。11.“youwish”中的“wish”是動詞，意為“夢想”。12.“towish”中的“wish”是動詞，意為“夢想”。所以這句話的意思是：我希望夢想著你夢想中的夢想，但是如果你夢想著女巫的夢想，我就不想夢想著你夢想中的夢想。ForrestGump《阿甘正傳》1.Lifewaslikeaboxofchocolates.Youneverknowwhatyou’regonnaget.生命就像一盒巧克力，你永遠都不知道你會得到什么。2.Ifyouareeverintrouble,don’ttrytobebrave,justrun,justrunaway.你若遇上麻煩，不要逞強，你就跑，遠遠跑開。3.Idon’tknowifweeachhaveadestiny,orifwe’realljustfloatingaroundaccidentally-likeonabreeze.我不懂我們是否有著各自的命運，還是只是到處隨風飄蕩。4.Deathisjustapartoflife,somethingwe’realldestinedtodo.死亡是生命的一部分，是我們注定要做的一件事。5.Haveyougivenanythoughttoyourfuture?你有沒有為將來打算過呢？Ⅰ.

單句填空1.Theirhelpersare___________（gift）withamazingpowerofpatience.gifted2.Thebloodonhisshoeswasa__________（prove）of3.The_____________（find）ofthecommissionhavenotyetbeenmadepublic.findings4.I’llaskmypersonal______________（assist）todealwiththis.assistant5.Iftheprimary______________（infect）isnottreated,furtheroutbreaksmayoccur.infectionⅡ.

同義替換multiple;comedownwith;transform;aboveall;handle;infect;subscribeto;substantial1.Itisnotpossibletospreadthediseasetoanotherpersonthroughkissing.___________infect2.Howmuchdidyoudonatetothedisasterfund?_________________subscribeto3.Hewentthroughmanydifficulties,whichdidn’tcasthimdown._____________multiple4.Theyoungbosshastheabilitytodealwiththedifficultproblem.___________handle5.Neweconomicdevelopmentpoliciesledtofairlylargeandrapidgrowth.________________substantial6.Shetriedchangingliteratureintobrailleforblindreaders._________________transforming7.Isufferedfromfluandwasunabletogotowork.___________________camedownwith8.Mostofall,youshouldkeepitinmindtobetemperatewheneatinganddrinking.______________AboveallⅢ.

完成句子1.隨著他們的興趣被大大激發(fā)，我開始教他們?nèi)绾闻莶琛iththeirinterestgreatlysparked,Ibegantoteachthem____________________.howtomaketea2.這次會議如此重要，以至于我們每一個人都得出席。Thismeetingis______________________everyoneofusshouldattendit.soimportantthat3.似乎沒有人知道公園里發(fā)生了什么事。_______________________________whathashappenedinthepark.Itseemsthatnooneknows4.沒有什么東西比時間更寶貴。_______________________________________.Nothingismorepreciousthantime5.我看見他把鑰匙插進鎖孔、轉(zhuǎn)動鑰匙，然后打開了門。__________________________intothelock,turnitandopenthedoor.IsawhimputthekeyⅠ.

閱讀理解（2020安徽高二上期末聯(lián)考）JeromeKarleandIsabellaLugoskimetintheirfirstphysicalchemistryclassattheUniversityofMichiganin1940.JeromeKarlewasinhisfirstyearofdoctoralwork,andIsabellaLugoskiwasinherlastyearasanundergraduate（本科生），andtheywerelaboratorypartners.However,theydidn’tgetalongwellatfirst.IsabellaLugoskilookedbackonthepast,“Iwalkedintothephysicalchemistrylaboratoryandtherewasayoungmanatthedesknexttominewithhisequipmentallsetuprunninghisexperiment.Ididn’tthinkIwasverypoliteaboutmyquestion.Iaskedhimhowhegotthereearlyandhadeverythingallsetup.Hedidn’tlikethat.Sowedidn’ttalktoeachotherforawhile.”Theirrelationshipgotgoingastheycompetedforthetopgradeinthatcourseandtheystartedtobuildaconnectionbecausebothofthemwereinterestedinchemistry.Theygotmarriedin1942.By1946,bothoftheKarleshadearneddoctoratesinphysicalchemistry,and,afteraperiodoftimeattheUniversityofChicagoworkingontheManhattanProject,theymovedtoWashingtonD.C.tojointheUnitedStatesNavalResearchLaboratory.EachspecializedinadifferentaspectofX-raycrystallography（晶體學(xué)）：Jeromefocusedondevelopingequations（方程式）thatcoulddeterminehowatoms（原子）werearrangedinsidecomplexmolecules,whileIsabellaranpracticalexperimentstotesthowwelltheequationsworked.Workingtogether,theycreatedwhatisnowcalledthedirectmethodfordeterminingmolecularstructures（分子結(jié)構(gòu)），whichhasallowedscientiststoeffectivelystudyandcopycomplexorganicmoleculestocontinuefurtherstudy.

JeromeKarlewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1985.AlthoughhewasdisappointedthattheNobelcommitteehadignoredIsabella’scontributiontothatwork,shewasunfazed.Atthatpoint,shehadalreadywonmoreawardsandprizemoneyforherexperimentalworkthanhehad.1.WhatdidIsabellaLugoskidowhenshefirstmetJeromeKarle?(

)A.Sheblamedhimforhisbeinglate.B.Shesetupallhisequipmentforhim.C.Sheaskedhimaquestionimpolitely.D.Sheobservedhisexperimentsilently.C[解析][語篇解讀]本文主要敘述了JeromeKarle和IsabellaLugoski這兩位科學(xué)家的相關(guān)內(nèi)容?！久}立意】細節(jié)理解題。【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段中Ididn’tthinkIwasverypoliteaboutmyquestion.Iaskedhimhowhegotthereearlyandhadeverythingallsetup.（我覺得我的問題不太禮貌。我問他怎么這么早到那兒，并且把一切都安排好了。）可知應(yīng)選C。2.WhatmadeJeromeKarleandIsabellaLugoskibecomeconnected?(

)A.Theircommoninterestinchemistry.B.Theirwonderfulmarriagein1942.C.Theirfirstpleasanttalkinalaboratory.D.Theirsuccessfulcooperationincourses.A[解析]【命題立意】細節(jié)理解題。【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段中…theystartedtobuildaconnectionbecausebothofthemwereinterestedinchemistry.（……他們開始建立聯(lián)系，因為他們兩個都對化學(xué)感興趣。）可知應(yīng)選A。3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyintendedtoshow?(

)A.TheKarles’encouragingfurtherstudy.B.TheKarles’goodteamworkinscience.C.HowtheKarlesworkedwithothers.D.WhytheKarleswontheNobelPrize.B[解析]【命題立意】推理判斷題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)第四段中的Jeromefocusedon…whileIsabellaranpracticalexperiments…Workingtogether…可知，第四段主要展示了夫婦倆在科學(xué)上的良好合作。故選B。4.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“unfazed”inthelastparagraph?(

)A.Generous. B.Touched. C.Shocked. D.Calm.D[解析]【命題立意】詞義猜測題?！窘忸}思路】畫線詞所在的主句與從句在意思上是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,由此推斷出，盡管Isabella的貢獻被忽視了,但是她很平靜。故畫線詞的意思是“平靜的,冷靜的”。故選D。深度解析詞匯積累1.doctoraladj.博士的；博士學(xué)位的2.forawhile暫時3.specializevi.專門從事；專攻4.atthatpoint就在那時難句分析原句：Workingtogether,theycreatedwhatisnowcalledthedirectmethodfordeterminingmolecularstructures（分子結(jié)構(gòu)），whichhasallowedscientiststoeffectivelystudyandcopycomplexorganicmoleculestocontinuefurtherstudy.句意：他們一起工作，創(chuàng)造了現(xiàn)在被稱為確定分子結(jié)構(gòu)的直接方法，這使科學(xué)家能夠有效地研究和復(fù)制復(fù)雜的有機分子，以繼續(xù)深入研究。分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞thedirectmethod。Ⅱ.

完形填空ItwasNewYeartime.Weweretravellinginavan（小型貨車）distributingtoystothehomeless.Whenwe1_____thespot,somethingcaughtmyeye.Somethingorsomeonewasmovingintherubbish.SoonI2______thatitwasthehomeofapoorfamily.Thereweretwo3_____,bothaboutmyageatthetime,andaladyIsupposedtobetheirmother.Theysattherehopelessly.AsalittlegirlmyselfIwas4_____interestedinthelittlegirl.How5_____ourliveswere.Shelivedfortheday,6_______throughtherubbishforsomethingtofillherstomach.Iwaswelllookedafterandneverhadtoworryabout7______.Ihadagoodeducationandthusa8_____future.Ilookedatthelittlegirl.Theonly9_____shehadwastheworn-outdressthatshewaswearing.SeeingthislittlegirlImadethedecisiontogiveawayadollthathadbelongedtomeforawhile.Whenthevancametoa

10_____,Isteppedout,calledthegirloverandplacedthedollinherhand.Atfirstshelookedatmewith11_____andwasn’tcertainwhattodo,butthenshesmiledandIsaw12______inhereyes.Iwentbackintothevehicleandwestartedto13_____off,andthat’swhenwerealizedthelittlegirlwasrunning14_____.Westoppedagainandopenedthedoor.Thegirlhad15____withus.Shelookeddirectlyatmeandsaidtwosimplewords“ThankYou”.(

)A.left

B.changed C.Chose

D.approachedD[解析][語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。本文通過一個貧窮小女孩接受禮物的故事告訴人們要懂得感恩?！窘忸}思路】此處指接近（approached）目的地。2.(

)A.guaranteed B.realizedC.decided D.acceptedB[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)空后的“itwasthehomeofapoorfamily”并結(jié)合語境可知,“我”很快意識到（realized）那是一戶貧困人家的家。3.(

)A.boys

B.children C.drivers

D.adultsB[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)下文中的“bothaboutmyageatthetime…”及第二段的“Asalittlegirlmyself”可知，當時那里有兩個和“我”的年齡差不多大的孩子。4.(

)A.still

B.less C.especially

D.probablyC[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)語境可知，作為一個小女孩，“我”尤其（especially）對那個小女孩感興趣。5.(

)A.similar

B.different C.difficult

D.ordinaryB[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)下文中的“Shelivedfortheday…tofillherstomach”和“Iwaswelllookedafter…a8future.”可知，我們的生活不同（different）。6.(

)A.searching B.gettingC.running

D.breakingA[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)上文中的“Somethingorsomeonewasmovingintherubbish.”可知，當時那個小女孩在垃圾堆里尋找（searching）東西以填飽自己的肚子。7.(

)A.food

B.safety C.health

D.transportA[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，那個小女孩在垃圾堆里尋找食物，而“我”卻得到了很好的照顧，從來不用擔心食物。8.(

)A.doubtful B.distantC.promising

D.foreseeableC[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)該空前的“Ihadagoodeducation”可知，“我”接受了良好的教育，“我”也有一個有前途的（promising）未來。9.(

)A.present

B.decoration C.requirement D.possessionD[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合語境可推知，那個小女孩僅有的財產(chǎn)（possession）就是她身上穿的那件破舊的裙子。10.(

)A.station B.stopC.street

D.signalB[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，“我”決定把自己的玩具娃娃送給那個小女孩，所以當車一停下（stop）來，“我”立刻下車,叫那個小女孩過來,然后將玩具娃娃放在她的手里。11.(

)A.anger B.painC.surprise

D.disappointmentC[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)空后的“andwasn’tcertainwhattodo”和語境可知，那個小女孩剛開始驚訝地看著“我”。12.(

)A.hope B.lonelinessC.anxiety

D.astonishmentA[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，那個小女孩一家絕望地坐在垃圾旁邊，并結(jié)合語境可知，“我”將玩具娃娃放在她手里，她對“我”微笑，“我”從小女孩的眼中看到了希望（hope）。13.(

)A.walk

B.get C.lift

D.driveD[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)下文中的“Westoppedagain”可知，“我”回到車上，我們開車（drive）離開，那時我們才意識到，那個小女孩正在后面（behind）追趕我們。14.(

)A.behind

B.away C.out

D.inA[解析]【解題思路】參見上題。15.(

)A.gotalong B.comealongC.caughtup

D.turnedupC[解析]【解題思路】根據(jù)上文的“Westoppedagainandopenedthedoor.”可知，小女孩追上了我們。catchupwith表示“追上，趕上”。Ⅲ.

讀后續(xù)寫HeisssuspectedthatachildhadtriedtosendSantaClausaChristmaswishlistbyballoon,somethingheusedtodohimselfwhenhewasakid.Nobodyhadeverreturnedhisletters,buthewonderedwhetherhecouldfindthegirlwhohadsentthisone.Itwouldbedifficult,butHeisshadafewclues.About20milestothesouthwest,wasthecityofNogales,Mexico.Basedontheblowingwind,hewasprettysurethat’swhereitcamefrom.Heissbroughtthenotehometohiswife,whoisfluentinSpanishandhelpedhimtranslatethelist.TheyfoundthatDayamihadaskedforadoll,adollhouse,clothesandartsupplies.HeissthenpostedabouthissearchonFacebook,attachingphotos,hopingsomeofhisfriendsinNogalesmightknowthegirl’sfamily,butwithnosuccess.HeissworriedthattimewasrunningoutbeforeChristmas.OnDecember19,2008,hesentaprivatemessagetoRadioXENY,aradiostationinNogales.Thenextmorning,HeissgotamessagefromRadioXENY:TheyhadlocatedDayami,aneight-year-oldgirlwhoseparentswerekilledinacaraccident.Theywouldarrangeaget-togetherwithDayamiattheradiostation.SotheyboughtjustabouteverythingonDayami’slist.注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

ThentheHeissesdrovefor45minutes,crossingtheborderintoNogales.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThentheHeissesdrovefor45minutes,crossingtheborderintoNogales._______________________