2015海天四六級(jí)段落翻譯

大四六級(jí)新題(：老師/公 ：英語四級(jí)段落翻譯題型15%，考試時(shí)間30濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展等。四級(jí)長度為140-160個(gè)漢字，六級(jí)長度為180-200樣卷試剪紙(paprutn)最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國剪紙有一千五多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期(theMngandQingDynasties)特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙?jiān)谑澜绺鞯睾苁軞g迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈(zèng)外國友人的。Papercuttingisoneof ’smostpopulartraditionalfolkarts. papercuttinghasahistoryofmorethan1,500years.ItwaswidespreadparticularlyduringtheMingandQingDynasties.Peopleoftenbeautifytheirhomeswithpapercuttings.DuringtheSpringFestivalandweddingcelebrations,inparticular,papercuttingsareusedtodecoratedoors,windowsandroomsinordertoenhancethejoyousatmosphere.Thecolormostfrequentlyusedinpapercuttingisred,whichsymbolizeshealthandprosperity. papercuttingisverypopulararoundtheworldanditisoftengivenasapresenttoforeignfriends.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及評(píng)卷實(shí)檔評(píng)分標(biāo)13-15譯文準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞貼切，行文流暢，基本上無語言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。10-12譯文基本上表達(dá)了原文的意思。文字通順、連貫，無重大語言錯(cuò)誤。7-9檔評(píng)分標(biāo)13-15譯文準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞貼切，行文流暢，基本上無語言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。10-12譯文基本上表達(dá)了原文的意思。文字通順、連貫，無重大語言錯(cuò)誤。7-9譯文勉強(qiáng)表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞欠準(zhǔn)確，語言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有些是嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。4-6的嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。1-3譯文支離破碎。除個(gè)別詞語或句子，絕大部分文字沒有表達(dá)原文意思。0未作答，或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關(guān)。檔評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檔評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)13-15有2處不明顯的小錯(cuò)（冠詞、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)15有5處不明顯的小錯(cuò)（冠詞、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、介14有7處不明顯的小錯(cuò)（冠詞、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、介1310-12有一個(gè)12有3處明顯語11有4處明顯語107-95948374-6內(nèi)容基本表達(dá)，有兩個(gè)句6一個(gè)句5沒有一個(gè)正確句子，但有三個(gè)句41-3內(nèi)容基本表達(dá)，但所有句子都有錯(cuò)誤和嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤少3嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤多2嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)10未作答，或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關(guān)。根據(jù)“創(chuàng)作的翻譯”，不給分。0評(píng)卷實(shí)許多人喜歡中餐，，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)。精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐既可口又好看。烹飪技藝和配料各地差別很大。但好的烹飪都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營養(yǎng)（uritin）。由于食物對(duì)健康至關(guān)重要，好的廚師總是努力在谷物、肉類和蔬菜之間取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。（二）翻譯方法與策略——“拆分組合+結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化【翻譯原文（InformationTechnology），正在飛速的發(fā)展，也越來越重視信息技術(shù)，有些學(xué)校甚至將作為必修課程，對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象大家持不同觀點(diǎn)。一部分人認(rèn)為這是沒有必要的，學(xué)生就應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)的課程。另一部分人認(rèn)為這是應(yīng)該的，中國就應(yīng)該與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。不管怎樣，引起廣大人民的重視是一件好事。第一步：拆分第二步：優(yōu)化Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology, Citizensareputtingmoreemphasisonit.SomeschoolsanduniversitiesevenmakeInformationTechnologyoneofthecompulsorycourses.Peopleholddifferentviewsonthisphenomenon.SomepeopledeemthatitisunnecessarytomakeInformationTechnologyarequiredcourseinschools.Studentsshouldlearntraditionalcurriculum.However,otherpeoplethinkthatitshouldbeso,andtheyholdtheattitudethat shouldkeeppacewiththetimes.Anyway,itisagoodthingthatInformationTechnologyhasdrawnpeople’sattention.【練目前，人類的生存環(huán)境正在遭到破壞，美麗的大自然已經(jīng)不那么美麗了。保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，也就是保護(hù)人類自己。我強(qiáng)烈呼吁：不要再捕殺黑猩猩，不要再捕殺野生動(dòng)物了，讓我們?nèi)祟惗嘁恍┑厍蛏系呐笥?，多給我們下一代保留一些野生動(dòng)物吧!否則，地球?qū)⒃谌祟愂种?，人類將在自己手中。Atpresent,man’slivingenvironmentisbeingruined,andbeautifulnatureisnolongersobeautiful.Protectionofwildlifeisprotectionofmanhimself.Therefore,Iappealstronglytostopkillingthechimpanzeeoranyotherwildanimals.Onlyinthiswaycanourhumanbeingshavemorefriendsontheearth,andleavemorewildlifeforfuturegenerations.Otherwise,theearthwouldbedestroyedbyman,andmanbymanhimself.到中國來旅游觀光的人很少不會(huì)注意到學(xué)習(xí)英語的勁頭。公園里有專門的英語角，人們會(huì)定期聚在一起操練。馬外國游客常常被學(xué)習(xí)英語的人圍住交談，從天氣到政治，無所不談。各種英語班如雨后春筍在到處出現(xiàn)。Fewvisitorsto willfailtonoticetheeagernessofthe tolearnEnglish.InpublicparkstherearespecialEnglishcornerswherelearnersgatheratregulartimetopractisetheirspokenEnglish.ForeignvisitorsareoftenbesiegedonstreetsbyEnglishlearnerswhowanttotalkwiththeminEnglishaboutanythingfromweathertopolitics.Englishclassesaremushroomingacrosstheland.過去50年其實(shí)并不是發(fā)明創(chuàng)新的黃金時(shí)期。從1900年到1950年，改變?nèi)祟惿畹陌l(fā)明有汽車、飛機(jī)、 、收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)——當(dāng)然還有核和計(jì)算機(jī)。而近50年來，Actuallythepastfiftyyearswasnotthegoldenageofinventionandinnovation.From1900to1950,humanlifewastransformedbysuchinventionascars,airnes, ephones,radiosandevisionsets,nottomentionnuclearweaponsandthecomputer.However,duringtherecent50yearsonlyafewinventionshavebeenmade.WasthewellspringofinventiondryingNotlikely.Indeed,anewageofinventionisjust有些人擔(dān)心電腦技術(shù)的廣泛使用會(huì)進(jìn)一步就業(yè)形勢(shì)。但另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為盡管這對(duì)個(gè)人Somepeopleareworryingthatthewideuseofcomputertechnologywillcausefurtherunemployment.Anotherargument,however,holdsthatalthoughsomeindividualswilllosetheirjobs,societyasawholewillbenefiteconomicallythroughincreasesinproductivity.Whatevereffectsitwillbringonthesociety,onethingiscertain:thetechnicallytrainedwilleevermorevaluablewhilethejobsfortheblue-collarpopulationwill eless不管是在一個(gè)公司，還是在一個(gè)里，重大的決定總是個(gè)人作出的，而不是集體。我們需要集體的討論，因?yàn)榭梢越涣骺捶ê徒?jīng)驗(yàn)。但是集體討論不能代替?zhèn)€人的作用。理由很清楚，如要作出一個(gè)重大的決定，集體總是不能對(duì)迅速變化的作出同樣迅速的反應(yīng)。Animportantdecisionisalwaysmadebyindividualsnotbycommitteeswhetheritinvolvesaoraernment.Weneedcommitteesbecausethat’swherepeoplecouldshareopinionsandexperiences.Buttheycouldnotreceindividuals.Thereasonisobvious:acommitteefacedwithamajordecisioncan’talwaysmoveasquicklyastheeventsitistryingtorespondto.【練上大學(xué)給人們提供了在無邊無際的知識(shí)海洋里遨游探索的機(jī)會(huì)。為了豐富多彩的人生，大學(xué)生應(yīng)該充分利用目前讀大學(xué)的大好時(shí)光。應(yīng)該上大學(xué)決不僅僅意味著得到一個(gè)學(xué)位，得到一個(gè)好的工作。他如果能多學(xué)習(xí)，不僅僅職位找一份工作，就會(huì)終生受益。Collegeprovidesachancetoexplorethevastareasofunlimitedknowledge.Tohavearichfulllifeacollegestudentshouldmakethemostoftheopportunitiesathand.Heshouldrealizethatgoingtocollegemeansalotmorethanearningadegreeandsecuringagoodjob.Ifhecanexplorebeyondhisimmediatecareerobjectiveshewillenjoytherestofhislife.文化是不同國家的人們互相理解的最佳。通過舉辦文化節(jié)，許多在世界上的知名度提高了。已經(jīng)證明，對(duì)促進(jìn)和世界其他地方人民之間的交流來說，這是最Cultureisthebestmediumforpeopleofdifferentcountriestounderstandeachother.Throughculturefestivals,manycitiesin haveraisedtheirprestigeintheworld.Ashasbeenproventhat,thisisoneofthebestwaystopromotethecommunicationbetween andthepeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Thiskindofcommunicationisnotonlyconfinedtoculture,butextendstoeconomyandotherfields.，是一項(xiàng)偉大的發(fā)明。但很顯然，也刷新了人與人的關(guān)系。會(huì)議室門口通常貼著一條公告：請(qǐng)與會(huì)者關(guān)閉。可是，會(huì)議室里鈴聲仍然響成一片。我們都是普通人，并沒有多少特別重要的事情。盡管如此，我們也不會(huì)輕易關(guān)掉。打開象征著我們與的聯(lián)系。顯然，手機(jī)反映出我們的“社交饑渴癥”。(tirst rsocilzation)Thecellphoneisagreatinvention.Butobviously,ithasalteredtherelationshipamongpeople.Thereisusuallyanoticeonthedoorofthemeetingroom,whichreads,“Pleaseturnoffyourhand-set.”However,phonesringnowandthenwhenthemeetinggoeson.Wearebutordinarypeopleandhavefewurgenciestotacklewith.Nevertheless,wewillnotswitchoffourphoneseasily.Phones-onsymbolizesourconnectingwiththisworld.Obviously,cellphonehasbeenreflectingour“thirstforsocialization”.在過去0年中，世界上沒有任何一個(gè)國家的外貿(mào)發(fā)展速度像中國那么快。用了多年時(shí)間才將其外貿(mào)總額翻了一番而中國卻翻了兩番。中國現(xiàn)在已是全球第三大電器生產(chǎn)國，并且正在成為全球電器市場(chǎng)上的主角。中國還是世界上勞動(dòng)密集型(lbor-nenie)產(chǎn)品的主要生產(chǎn)國。Overthelasttwodecades,nocountryintheworldhasexpandeditsforeigntradeasfast.Japantookmorethan20yearstodoubleitsforeigntrade,while,forthesamelengthoftime,hasquadrupleditsforeigntrade.Alreadytheworld’sthirdlargestproducerofelectricappliances, isnowyingamajorroleintheglobalmarketoftheelectric hasalso eamajorproduceroflabor-intensivemanufacturedgoodsintheworld.是人類創(chuàng)造的世界之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過，就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說：“不到非好漢?！睂?shí)際上，最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國后才將其連城長城。然而，今天我們看到的——東起山，西至嘉峪關(guān)——大部分都是在修TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworldthatwascreatedbyhumanbeings!Ifyoucometo withoutclimbingtheGreatWall,it'sjustlikegoingtoPariswithoutvisitingtheEiffelTower;orgoingtoEgyptwithoutvisitingthePyramids!Menoftensay,"HewhodoestnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman."Infact,itbeganasindependentwallsfordifferentstateswhenitwasfirstbuilt,anddidnot ethe"GreatWall"untiltheQinDynasty.However,thewallweseetoday,startingfromShanhaiguanPassintheeasttoJiayunguanPassinthewest,wasmostlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty.絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)。商周時(shí)期絲綢的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)就已發(fā)展到相當(dāng)高的水平。西漢時(shí)張騫通西域，把中原與波斯灣、地中海緊密聯(lián)系起來，開辟了中流貿(mào)易的新。從此中國的絲綢以其卓越的品質(zhì)、精美的花色和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵聞名于世，文化的象征。isthehomeofsilk.AsearlyastheShangandZhouDynasties,the people’ssilk-weavingtechniqueshadreachedanextremelyhighlevel.DuringtheWesternHanDynasty,ZhangQian,anoutstandingdiplomat,travelledaroundcentralAsiaandwiththePersianGulfandtheMediterranean,openingupaneweraofSino-foreigntrade,exchangeandcommunication.Fromthenon, ’ssilkbecamewell-knownforitsextraordinaryquality,exquisitedesignandcolor,andabundantcultureconnotations. silkhasbeenacceptedasasymbolof 中國新年最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，也被稱為春節(jié)。新年的慶?；顒?dòng)從除夕開始一直延續(xù)到元宵節(jié)，即農(nóng)歷最后一個(gè)月的最后一天只新年第一個(gè)月的第十五天。各地歡度春節(jié)的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異，但通常每個(gè)家庭都會(huì)在除夕夜團(tuán)聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅(qū)厄運(yùn)，迎好運(yùn)，家家戶戶都會(huì)進(jìn)行大掃除。人們還會(huì)在門上粘貼紅色的對(duì)聯(lián)，對(duì)聯(lián)的為健康，發(fā)財(cái)和好運(yùn)。其他的活動(dòng)還有放鞭，探親訪友等。NewYear, 'smostimportanttraditionalfestivalin,isalsoknownastheSpringFestival.NewYear’scelebrationstartsonNewYear’sEveandcontinuesuptotheLanternFestival,thelastdayofthelastmonthofthelunarcalendaronthe15thdayofthefirstmonthoftheNewYear.CustomsandtraditionsofNewYear’scelebrationvarywidely,butusuallyeveryfamilyreunitestoeatdinnertogetheronNewYear’sEve.Todrivebadluck, egoodluck,everyhouseholdwillcarryoutgeneralcleaning.Peoplewillhaveredcoupletspastedonthedoor,andthethemesareabouthealth,wealthandgoodfortune.Otheractivitiesincludefirecrackers,andvisitingfriendsandrelatives,andsoon.，茶具有非常悠久的歷史，并已形成了中國茶文化。與此同時(shí)，茶有益于我們的健從此茶的精神神滲透到了宮廷和社會(huì)，深入到中國的詩詞，繪畫，書法，，醫(yī)學(xué)。幾In,teahasaverylonghistory,and teaculturehasbeenformed.Meanwhile,theteaisgoodforourhealth,solovedbymanypeople. teacultureisbroadandprofound,includesnotonlythematerialandculturallevel,butalsoadeepspirituallevel.'steacanbetracedbacktotheancienttimes,andexperiencedprosperityinTangdynastyandtheSongdynasty.TeaspiritofGodhasinfiltratedthePalaceandthecommunity,reachingoutto poetry,painting,calligraphy,religion,medicine.Forthousandsofyears, hasaccumulatedalotofmaterialcultureaboutteacultivationandproduction,andalsoenrichesthespiritualcultureoftea.京劇是一種傳統(tǒng)的中國戲劇形式。它結(jié)合了音樂，聲樂演唱，啞?。╥me），舞蹈和雜技（crobtcs）等表現(xiàn)形式。京劇興起于8世紀(jì)晚期，并在9世紀(jì)中期前得到充分發(fā)展與認(rèn)可。這種藝術(shù)形式在清朝時(shí)的宮廷極度流行，并且逐漸被視為中國的文化瑰寶之一。這種藝術(shù)形式在也得以保存，稱作國劇。并且也流傳到諸如和等其他國家。Pekingoperaisaformoftraditional drama.Itcombinesmusic,vocalperformance,mime,danceandacrobatics.Itaroseinthelate18thcenturyandbecamefullydevelopedandrecognizedbythemid-19thcentury.TheformwasextremelypopularintheQingDynastycourtandhascometoberegardedasoneoftheculturaltreasuresof .Theartformisalsop in,whereitisknownasGuoju.IthasalsospreadtoothercountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapan.風(fēng)箏的故鄉(xiāng)。放風(fēng)箏有益于身體健康，所以，許多國家十分流行放風(fēng)箏。不僅把放風(fēng)箏當(dāng)作有趣的游戲和有益于身體健康的體育活動(dòng)，也常常把風(fēng)箏作為裝飾掛在墻上。目前，中國的風(fēng)箏已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)銷到以及東南亞和歐美的許多國家，受到了世界各國民的歡迎。近年來，山東濰坊每年都要舉行國際風(fēng)箏節(jié)。isthebirthceofkites.Becauseflyingkitesisbeneficialtoone’shealth,itispopularityinmanycountries. notonlyregarditasaninterestinggameasasasporthelkeepfit,butalsohangkitesonthewallfordecoration. whicharepopularallovertheworld,arenowavailableforsaleinJapan,SoutheastAsiaandmanycountriesinEuropeandAmerica.Inrecentyears,theannualInternationalKiteFestivalhasbeenheldinWeifangofShProvince.“燈節(jié)”或者叫做“元宵節(jié)”的傳統(tǒng)佳節(jié)，在每年的農(nóng)歷正月十五這一天慶祝。元宵節(jié)的到來也標(biāo)志著春節(jié)的結(jié)束。元宵節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到西漢時(shí)期。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)，在這一天，人們吃元宵，猜字謎并焰火。元宵或者叫做湯圓是元宵節(jié)這一天必吃的食物。元宵這種食物實(shí)際上是甜餡餃子的一種，用粘糯米和甜的餡料制成。TheLanternFestival,YuanxiaoJie,isatraditional festival,whichisonthe15thofthefirstmonthofthe NewYear.ThefestivalmarkstheendofthecelebrationsoftheNewYear. startedtocelebratetheLanternFestivalfromtheHanDynasty.Accordingtothetradition,peopleeatYuanxiao,guesslanternriddlesandwatchfireworksonthisday.YuanxiaowhichisalsocalledTangyuanisthespecialfoodfortheLanternFestival.Itisakindofsweetdumpling,whichismadewithstickyriceflourfilledwithsweet如果說“我喜歡中國菜”，這種說法似乎過于簡單了。其實(shí)并不存在所謂的“中國菜”這一簡單的概念。確切地說法應(yīng)該是喜歡某一種菜系，或者喜歡某一地區(qū)的中國菜。像中國這樣幅員遼闊、歷史悠久而又復(fù)雜的國家，千百年來必然會(huì)形成具有鮮明地方烹飪特色的區(qū)域性菜系或幫菜。不可避免的差異是由地理位置、氣候條件、交通狀況、人口遷移、海外文化影響等因素所決定的。Ifyouhearsomeonesay“Ilove food”,heistakingtoomuchforgranted.Asamatteroffact,thereisnosuchsimplethingastheso-called“ food”.Amoreaccuratestatementinthisinstanceshouldbesuchthatexpressesone’spreferenceforaparticularcuisineoraparticularregionalwayofcooking.Withaterritoryaslargeandhistoryaslongandcomplexas ’s,itisinevitablethatdistinctregionaldifferencesincuisinehaveevolvedoverthecourseofcenturies.Numerousfactorsareinvolvedinthisinevitabledistinction:geography,climate,transportation,migration,influencefromoverseascultures,作為一種世代相襲的傳統(tǒng)，就餐時(shí)圍桌而坐，人人手里都有一碗主食（food），炒菜放在桌子，大家一起食用。這一古老的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣反映了食物在中華文明史上的重要地位；占據(jù)餐桌中心位置的是炒菜，而不是鮮花，晚餐的主要話題常常是食物。菜肴的各種色彩和材料搭配，給人以美的享受，共食一碗菜的習(xí)俗有助于家庭成員之間的團(tuán)結(jié)和友誼。當(dāng)然，在一些衛(wèi)生意識(shí)比較強(qiáng)的地方，人們?cè)诠彩撤旁诓妥赖牟穗葧r(shí)，必須使用“公筷或“公用”湯匙，以防疾病傳染。Traditionally,everyoneatthe diningtablehashisorherownbowlofstaplefood,whilethedishesarecedinthemiddleofthedinnertabletobesharedbyall.Thisage-oldcustomisonemanifestationoftheimportanceoffoodin civilization.Itisthecookeddishes,ratherthanflowers,thatserveascenterpiecesona table;foodisfrequentlythemaintopicofdinner-timeconversation.Varietyinthecolorandtextureofthedishesservesaestheticends,whiletheritualofsharingthefoodfromthesamedishtesisconductivetofamilytogethernessandfriendship.Inmorehealth-consciousenvironments,however,only“public”chopsticksandspoonsareusedtoremovefoodfromthetesinthemiddleofthedinning-table,soastopreventanypossiblespreadofdiseases.筷子是中餐桌上最有特色的用餐工具。各地的筷子大小基本一樣，而用材的種類則各有不同，選材包括竹子、木材、玉石、象牙、塑料、銀、金等。使用筷子的方法很有藝術(shù)性，各人有各人的方法，就好像簽名一樣，不盡一致。一般都能隨心所欲地用筷子夾起一粒米、一粒豌豆、一只滑溜溜的蘑菇或海參。對(duì)于那些用餐時(shí)只會(huì)使叉的西方人來說，掌握用筷的方法和技巧開始時(shí)難度也許很大，也很有趣，需要很大的耐心，需要用心練習(xí)。Chopsticks,orkuaizi,arethemostdistinctiveeatingtoolatthe diningtable.Chopsticks,whichareroughlyuniforminsizethroughout,canbemadeofavarietyofmaterials,includingbamboo,wood,jade,ivory,stic,silverandgold.Thewayhandleourchopsticksisquite icandvariedfrom likeone'ssignature.Anaverage canveryeasilypickupasingletinygrainofrice,oratinypieceofpeas,oraslipperymushroomorseacucumber.ForthoseWesternerswhouseonlyforksandknivesfortheirmeals,themasteryofthemethodandskillsforusingchopsticksmaybequitechallenging,andamusing,atthebeginning.Alotofpatienceandconcentratedpracticeisrequired.Thisisnotonlyverynecessaryandbutalsoveryrewardingiftheywishtoenjoya 是座有三千年歷史的古城。早在公元前十一世紀(jì)，就是燕國的國都，因此有燕京之稱。在以后的幾千年里，又成為金、元、明、清各朝的國都。 的六大古都之一，其他五個(gè)是西安、、洛陽、開封和杭州。是座既古老又年輕的城市，有許多名勝古跡。從故宮、天壇到，可以看到保留了許多昔日的風(fēng)采。Beijngisnncientctyithaistryf,00yers.serlyste1thcentury,BC,itstecitlfteKinomfYn;ttswyBeijingislsoknnsnjin.ntefewtusndyersfterrd,Beijinginservedstecitlfrteinuan,inndQingdynsties.Beijingisnef ssixncientcitls;teterfiverein，njin,Luyn,Kifen,ndnzu.Beijngisacitybthldndyun,ithnycesfistriclintrestndscenicbeuty.rmteFrbidenCity,teTelefeven,ndteumerPlce,yucnseethtBeijingsretinedaltfclrfld現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)壓力相當(dāng)重。除了大四，他們開始找工作了，其余的學(xué)生總是忙于學(xué)習(xí)，而不愿參加校園團(tuán)體和，不愿參加體育鍛煉和其他課外活動(dòng)，不愿與他們的朋友玩玩，不愿關(guān)心和學(xué)習(xí)沒有關(guān)系的事?？傊?，他們就像一個(gè)機(jī)器人。壓力大，時(shí)間少，功課多。看到同寢室里的人都上館去學(xué)習(xí)，到深夜閉館才回，而自己卻去看，他們就會(huì)有一種內(nèi)疚感。到白天什么事都沒干，心里就感到不安，會(huì)整夜因此睡不著覺。他們學(xué)習(xí)太緊張，幾乎沒有時(shí)間好好品嘗生活，干些其他事，成為一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的人。讀大學(xué)使他們失去太多的個(gè)人和健康。Collegestudentsnowbearheavyacademicpressure.Youwillfindthem—exceptseniorswhoarebeginningtolookforajob—alwaystoobusyinstudiestojoincampusorganizations,toobusytotakepartinsportsandotherextracurricularactivities,toobusytosharetheinterestsoftheirfriendsandtoobusytopayattentiontoanythingthatisnotconnectedwiththeirstudies.Inshorttheyhave enothingbutarobot.Theyareunderpressuretodotoomuchworkintoolittletime.Iftheirroommatesarestudyinginthelibraryuntilitclosesatmidnightwhiletheygotoamovietheywillfeelguilty.Theveryideaofngnothingduringthedaywillmakethem fortableandsleeplessallnight.Theystudysohardthattheyhavehardlyhadtimetosavorlifeandtopursueotherintereststogrowaswell-roundedpeople.Thepursuitofcollegeeducationcoststhemtoomuch alhappinessandhealth.有時(shí)候，在工作中重要的倒是能否處理好人際關(guān)系而不是有多大的才能。人際關(guān)系就是一種聽取別人的意見，體察別人的需要，虛心接受批評(píng)的能力。處理人際關(guān)系的人敢于承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，敢于承擔(dān)自己的責(zé)任，這是對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤的一種成熟和負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度。這就是為什么許多平平庸庸的公司雇員在大調(diào)整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而。因?yàn)樗麄兒茏⒁馓幚砀鞣矫娴年P(guān)系，所以八面玲瓏，到處有緣。而人際關(guān)系差的人往往不能處理好批評(píng)。碰到錯(cuò)誤，他們首先想到自己，拒不承認(rèn)自己有錯(cuò)，或情緒低落或大發(fā)雷霆，成為有刺的人，難以相處。Sometimesitisinter alskillsratherthanprofessionalskillsthatreallycountsinyourcareer.Inter alskillsarenothingbuttheabilitytobegoodlistenertobesensitivetowardothers’needstotakecriticismwell.Peoplewithskillinsocialrelationsadmittheirmistakesandtaketheirshareofblamewhichisamatureandresponsiblewaytohandleanerror.That’swhymanymediocreemployeessurviveviolentcorporateupheavalswhilepeopleofgreattalentarebeinglaidoff.Sensitiveintheirdealingswithotherstheyarewelllikedeverywhere.Peoplewithpoorinter alskillshavetroubletakingcriticism.Whenconfrontedwithamistaketheylettheiregogetintheway.Theydenyresponsibilityandbecamemoodyorangry.Theymarkthemselvesas“prickly”.越來越多受英文教育的海外父母，已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同時(shí)，也通曉中文的重要性。中國的崛起，讓他們充分認(rèn)識(shí)到孩子掌握雙語的好處——既能增加他們的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，也能讓他們接觸和熟悉東西方兩種不同的文化。這些人對(duì)中文的態(tài)度幾乎沒有完全改變。曾幾何時(shí)，他們還非常驕傲地宣稱自己只懂英文?，F(xiàn)在，他們已開始積極支持孩子學(xué)習(xí)中文和中國文化，而且還不時(shí)走訪中國，欣賞壯觀的自然風(fēng)光，認(rèn)識(shí)豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)。AnincreasingnumberofEnglish- parentsoverseashavecometorealizationthatwhileEnglishlearningisindispensabletotheirchildren,itisessentialthattheirkidshaveagoodcommandof ’srisehasfullyawakenedtheirawarenessofthefactthattheirkidscanbenefitfromtheirbilingualabilitywhichcannotonlyenhancetheircompetitivenessinthejobmarket,butalsofacilitatetheirexposuretoandfamiliaritywiththetwodifferentculturesbetweentheEastandtheWest.Theyhavehardlychangedtheirattitudestowards .AtonetimetheyproudlydeclaredthattheyknewEnglishonly.Now,theyhavebeguntogivefullsupporttotheirkidslearning anditsculture,andtheyalsomakeoccasionalvisitsto,wheretheycanenjoyitsmagnificentnaturallandscapeandgettoknowitsrichculturalheritage.原快速閱讀理解調(diào)整為長篇閱讀理解，篇章長度和難度不變。篇章后附10個(gè)句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能對(duì)應(yīng)兩題，有的段落可能不對(duì)應(yīng)任何一題。Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoEachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.IntotheTheworldhasneverseenpopulationageingbefore.CanitUntiltheearly1990snobodymuchthoughtaboutwholepopulationsgettingolder.TheUNhadtheforesighttoconvenea“worldassemblyonageing”backin1982,butthatcameandwent.By1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis”,itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.Forthenexttenyearsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,soundedthealarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvsOld,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewasblunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothecleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.Sincethenthedebatehas elessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthesubject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.InternationalorganisationssuchastheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8economicconferencestoNATOsummits.TheWorldEconomicForumnstoconsiderthefutureofpensionsandhealthcareatitsprestigiousDavosconferenceearlynextyear.Themedia,includingthisnewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivecoverage. Whetherallthatattentionhastranslatedintosufficientactionisanotherquestion.ernmentsinrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsooneunaffordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnotsurprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopularmeasuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(財(cái)政)meown,publicpensionsandhealth-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRother,theAARP’sheadofandstrategy,pointstostudiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplewhoremainatworkhavelowerdeathratesthantheirretiredpeers.Youngerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetoworkforlongerandthattheirpensionswillbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthatolderworkersareworthholdingonto.Thatmaybebecausetheyhavehadplentyofyoungeronestochoosefrom,partlythankstothepost-warbaby-boomandpartlybecauseoverthepastfewdecadesmanymorewomenhaveenteredthelabour,increasingemployers’choice.Butthereservoirofwomenableandwillingtotakeuppaidworkisrunninglow,andthebaby-boomersaregoingInmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelabour ashavealreadyemerged(andrememberthattherealshortageisstillaroundtenyearsoff).Immigrationinthedevelopedworldisthehighestithaseverbeen,anditismakingausefuldifference.Instill-fertileAmericaitcurrentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth,andinfast-ageingWesternEuropeforabout90%.Onthefaceofit,itseemstheperfectsolution.Manydevelocountrieshavelotsofyoungpeopleinneedofjobs;manyrichcountriesneedhelhandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesandkeepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfewdecadeslaboursinrichcountriesaresettoshrinksomuchthatinflowsofimmigrantswouldhavetoincreaseenormouslytocompensate:toatleasttwicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEurope’smostyouthfulcountries,andthreetimesintheolderones.Japanwouldneedalargemultipleofthefewimmigrantsithasatpresent.Publicopinionpollsshowthatpeopleinmostrichcountriesalreadythinkthatimmigrationistoohigh.Furtherbigincreaseswouldbepoliticallyunfeasible.Totackletheproblemofageingpopulationsatitsroot,“old”countrieswouldhavetorejuvenate(使年輕)themselvesbyhavingmoreoftheirownchildren.Anumberofthemhavetried,somemoresuccessfullythanothers.Butitisnotasimplematterofofferingfinancialincentivesorprovidingmorechildcare.Modernurbanlifeinrichcountriesisnotwelladaptedtolargefamilies.Womenfindithardtocombinefamilyandcareer.Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.Andiffertilityinageingcountriesdoesnotpickup?Itwillnotbetheendoftheworld,atleastnotforquiteawhileyet,buttheworldwillslowly eadifferentce.Oldersocietiesmaybelessinnovativeandmorestronglydisinclinedtotakerisksthanyoungerones.By2025atthelatest,abouthalfthevotersinAmericaandmostofthoseinwesternEuropeancountrieswillbeover50—andolderpeopleturnouttovoteinmuchgreaternumberthanyoungerones.Academicstudieshavefoundnoevidencesofarthatoldervotershaveusedtheirpowerattheballotboxtopushforpoliciesthatspecificallybenefitthem,thoughifinfuturetherearemanymoreofthemtheymightstartngso.Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,olderpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.Evenso,theshiftinthecentreofgravitytoolderagegroupsisboundtohaveaprofoundeffectonsocieties,notjusteconomicallyandpoliticallybutinallsortsofotherwaystoo.RichardJacksonandNeilHoweofAmerica’sCSIS,inathoughtfulbookcalledTheGrayingoftheGreatPowers,arguethat,amongotherthings,theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberofserioussecurityimplications.Forexample,theshortageofyoungadultsislikelytomakecountriesmorereluctanttocommitthefewtheyhavetomilitaryservice.Inthedecadesto2050,Americawillfinditselfyinganever-increasingroleinthedevelopedworld’sdefenceeffort.BecauseAmerica’spopulationwillstillbegrowingwhenthatofmostotherdevelopedcountriesisshrinking,Americawillbetheonlydevelopedcountrythatstillmattersgeopolitically(地緣政治上).AskmeinThereislittlethatcanbedonetostoppopulationageing,sotheworldwillhavetolivewithit.Butsomeoftheconsequencescanbealleviated.Manyexpertsnowbelievethatgiventherightpolicies,theeffects,thoughgrave,neednotbecatastrophic.Mostcountrieshaverecognisedtheneedtodosomethingandarebeginningtoact.Buteventhenthereisnoguaranteethattheireffortswillwork.Whatishappeningnowishistoricallyunprecedented.RonaldLee,directoroftheCentreontheEconomicsandDemographyofAgeingattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,putsitbrieflyandclearly:“Wedon’treallyknowwhatpopulationageingwillbelike,becausenobodyhasdoneityet.“注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2Employersshouldrealizeitisimportanttokeepolderworkersinthe ArecentstudyfoundthatmostoldpeopleinsomeEuropeancountrieshadregularweeklycontactwiththeiradultchildren. ernmentsinrichcountrieshavelaunchedboldreformstotackletheproblemofpopulationageing.Inareportpublishedsome20yearsago,thesustainabilityofold-agepensionsystemsinmostcountrieswascalledintodoubt.CountriesthathaveashortageofyoungadultswillbelesswillingtosendtoOne-childfamiliesaremorecommoninageingsocietiesduetothestressofurbanlifeandthedifficultiesofbalancingfamilyandcareer.Aseriesofbooks,mostlyauthoredbyAmericans,warnedof sbetweentheolderandyoungergenerations.Comparedwithyoungerones,oldersocietiestendtobelessinnovativeandtakefewerThebestsolutiontothepensioncrisisistopostponetheretirementImmigrationasameanstoboosttheshrinkinglabour maymeetwith somerichcountries.Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingt