2022年浙江省杭州市大學英語6級大學英語六級知識點匯總（含答案）

2022年浙江省杭州市大學英語6級大學英語六級知識點匯總（含答案）學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Regardlessoftherealdegreeofracialandethnicintermixingthatgoeson,thetestofablendedsocietywillbetheproportionofpeople______.

2.

Ifyourcompanysharesthesameofficebuildingwithsomeverylargebusinesses,makesure______.

3.

Thecareerinflectionpointcandeterminewhetherabusinesscansucceedornot.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

AlotofexperimentsconductedbytheUKgovernmentprovethattheappearanceof______.

5.

MostAmericanswouldpreferanorganizationalsysteminwhichtheyareresponsiblefor______.

6.

Whatwaterisconstantlycycledthroughare______.

7.WilltheWorldRememberDisneyorPlato?

SignificantWorldwideInfluenceofAmericanCulture

LONDON--Downinthemall,betweenthefast-foodjointandthebagelshop,agroupofyoungpeoplehuddlesinaflurryofbaggycombatpants,skateboards,andslang.TheysizeupawomanteeteringpastwearingDKNY,carryingTimemagazineinonehandandalatteintheother.ShebrushespastaguyinaYankees'baseballcapwhoistalkingonhisMotorolacellphoneabouttheMartinScorsesefilmhesawlastnight.It'sastandardAmericanscene--onlythisisn'tAmerica,it'sBritain.U.S.cultureissopervasivethatthescenecouldbeplayedoutinanyoneofdozensofcities.

Asaglobalsuperpower,Americaexportsitscultureonanunprecedentedscale.Frommusictomedia,filmtofastfood,languagetoliteratureandsport,theAmericanideaisspreadinginexorably(不可阻擋地),notunliketheinfluenceofempiresthatprecededit.Thedifferenceisthattoday'stechnologyflingsculturetoeverycorneroftheglobewithblindingspeed.IfittooktwomillenniumsforPlato's"Republic"toreachNorthAmerica,thelatesthitfromJustinTimberlakecanbefoundinGreek(andJapanese)storeswithindays.Sometimes,U.S.idealsgettransmitted--suchasindividualrights,freedomofspeech,andrespectforwomen--andlocalculturesareenriched.Atothertimes,materialismorworsebecomesthemessageandlocaltraditionsgetcrushed.

"TheU.S.hasbecomethemostpowerful,significantworldforceintermsofculturalimperialism[and]expansion,"saysIanRalston,AmericanstudiesdirectoratLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversity."TheareasthatparticularlyspringtomindareHollywood,popularmusic,andevenliterature."

Butwhatsomecall"McDomination"hascreatedabacklash(強烈反應)incertaincultures.Andit'snotclearwhetherfastfood,Disney,orrock'n'rollwillchangetheworldthewayHomerorShakespearehas.

Hollywoodrulestheglobalmoviemarket,withupto90percentofaudiencesinsomeEuropeancountries.EveninAfrica,twoofthreefilmsshownareAmerican.FewcountrieshaveyettobetouchedbyMcDonald'sandCoca-Cola.StarbucksrecentlyopenedupanewfrontinSouthAmerica,andeveryone'sgotaHardRockCalfT-shirtfromsomewhereexotic.

WestIndiansportsenthusiastsincreasinglywatchbasketball,notcricket.BaseballhaslongsincetakenrootinAsiaandCuba.AndChineseyoungpeoplearebecomingmorecaptivatedbyAmericanfootballandbasketball,someevenprintingthenamesofNBAstarsontheirschoolsweatsuits.AmericanEnglishisthelanguageofchoiceforwould-bepopstarsinEurope,softwareprogrammersinIndia,andInternetsurferseverywhere.

America'spreeminenceishardlysurprising.Superpowershavethroughouttheagessoughttoperpetuatetheirwayoflife:fromthephilosophyandmythologyoftheancientGreekstothelawandlanguageoftheRomans;fromtheartandarchitectureoftheTangDynastyandRenaissance.ItalytothesportsandsystemsofgovernmentoftheBritish.

"Mostempiresthinktheirownpointofviewistheonlycorrectpointofview,"saysRobertYoung,anexpertinpostcolonialculturaltheoryatOxfordUniversity."It'sthecertaintytheygetbecauseofthepowertheyhave,andtheyexpecttoimposeitoneveryoneelse."

ThreatsofAmericanCulturalDomination

Detractorsofculturalimperialismargue,however,thatculturaldominationposesatotalitarianthreattodiversity.IntheAmericancase,"McDomination"posesseveraldangers.

First,localindustriesaretrulyatriskofextinctionbecauseofU.S.oligopolies(寡頭賣主壟斷),suchasHollywood.Forinstancein2000,theEuropeanUnionhandedoutonebillioneurostosubsidise(資助)Europe'sfilmindustry.EventherelativelysuccessfulBri

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8.

______islargelyresponsiblefortheslightslowdowninthegrowthofthelaborforce.

9.

InancientOlympicgamesathleteswererequiredtoearntheexcellencebyskillwithnoexception.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Theplacewherepeoplecangetupandsayanythingtheywantis______.

11.

Tocurethesnoringproblems,surgerycanbeusedtoimprove______.

12.

In1924CivicClubDinner,sponsoredbyOpportunity,bringingblackwritersandwhitepublisherstogether,March21.Thiseventisconsideredtheformallaunchingof______.

13.

Somemiddle-agedpeopletendtosufferfromBiochemicaldepressionwhichmightresultfrom______withinthebrain.

14.HereTheyCome

Mostoftheimmigrantscamebecausetheywerehungry—hungryformorebreadandforbetterbread.Americaofferedthat.Europewasold;Americawasyoung.Europeansoilhadbeenfarmedformanyyears;Americansoilwaspracticallyuntouched.InEuropethelandwasinthehandsofafewpeople,theupperclasses;inAmericathelandwasavailabletoall.InEuropeitwasdifficulttogetwork;inAmericaitwaseasytogetwork.InEuropethereweretoomanylaborerslookingforthefewavailablejobs,sowageswerelow;inAmericathereweren'tenoughlaborerstofilltheavailablejobs,sowageswerehigh.

Abiggerandbetterloafofbread,then,attractedmostoftheinpouringhordesofpeopletoAmerica.Butmanycameforotherreasons.Onewasreligiouspersecution.IfyouwereaCatholicinaProtestantcountry,oraProtestantinanotherkindofProtestantcountry,oraJewinalmostanycountry,youwereoftentimesmadeveryuncomfortable.Youmighthavedifficultyingettingajob,oryoumightbelaughedat,orhavestonesthrownatyou,oryoumightevenbemurdered—justforhavingthewrong(thatis,different)religion.YoulearnedaboutAmericawhereyourreligiondidn'tmakesomuchdifference,whereyoucouldbewhatyoupleased,wheretherewasroomforCatholic,Protestant,Jew.ToAmerica,then!

Orperhapsyouhadtherightreligionbutthewrongpolitics.Perhapsyouthoughtafewpeopleinyourcountryhadtoomuchpower,orthatthereshouldbenokings,orthatthepoorpeoplepaidtoomuchtaxes,orthatthemassesofpeopleshouldhavemoretosayaboutgoverningthecountry.Then,oftentimes,yourgovernmentthoughtyouweretooradicalandtriedtogetholdofyoutoputyouintoprison,whereyourideasmightnotupsetthepeople.Youdidn'twanttogotoprison,soyouhadtoleavethecountrytoavoidbeingcaught.Wheretogounderthecircumstances?Someplacewhereyoucouldbeafreeman,whereyouweren'tclappedintojailfortalking.ProbablyyouturnedtotheplaceJosephdescribedinhislettertohisbrother."Michael,thisisagloriouscountry;youhavelibertytodoasyouwill.Youcanreadwhatyouwish,andwritewhatyoulike,andtalkasyouhaveamindto,andnoonearrestsyou."OfftoAmerica!

ForseveralhundredyearsAmericawasadvertisedjustasLuckyStrikecigarettesandBuickcarsareadvertisedtoday.ThewondersofAmericaweretoldinbooks,pamphlets,newspapers,pictures,posters—andalwaysthisadvicewasgiven,"CometoAmerica."ButwhyshouldanyonebeinterestedinwhetherornotPatrickMcCarthyorHansKnoblochmovedfromhisEuropeanhometoAmerica?Thereweretwogroupsinterestedatdifferenttimes,butforthesamereason—businessprofits.

Intheverybeginning,overthreehundredyearsago,tradingcompanieswereorganizedwhichgothugetractsoflandinAmericafornothingoralmostnothing.Thatland,however,wasvaluelessuntilpeoplelivedonit,untilcropswereproduced,oranimalskilledfortheirfurs.Thenthetradingcompanywouldstepin,buythingsfromthesettlersandsellthingstocompanywouldstepin,buythingsfromthesettlersandsellthingstothem—ataprofits.TheDutchWestIndiaCompany,theLondonCompany,andseveralothersweretradingcompaniesthatgaveawaylandinAmericawiththeideaofeventuallymakingmoneyoncargoesfromthecolonists.Theywantedprofits—neededimmigrantstogetthem—advertised—andpeoplecame.

Inlateryears,from1870on,othergroupsinterestedinbusinessprofitstriedtogetpeopletocometoAmerica.TheCunardline,theWhiteStarline,theNorthGermanLloyed,andseveralothersearnedmoneyonlywhenpeopleusedtheirships.TheythereforesentadvertisementstoallpartsoftheworldtogetpeopletotraveltoAmerica—intheirships.Theysentnotonlyadvertisements,butalsoage

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15.

ItwasyoungRichard'sgrandmotherwhowasthefirsttofindthathehadagreattalentforabsorbingknowledge.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Otherspecialdisplayopportunitiesareadsinmagazine,theanotherspecialdisplayopportunityforadvertisersisthe______.

17.

Workisalsoactivity,soourtimemustbefilledwith______.

18.

Justlikefatigueandweakness,depressionisonesymptomof______.

19.

Ifyouhavetenemployeessharingatypicalofficespace,youneedatleast______squarefeetofspace.

20.Exploitinghydroelectricpowerresourcecancostbillionsofdollars,forhydroelectricplantsnormallyhave______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(26)

A.Theyhavemorebuyingpower.

B.Theyhaveenoughtimetoexercise.

C.Theytendtoenjoysportsmore.

D.Theyareveryhealthconscious.

22.聽力原文：ThegoldengatebridgejoinsthebeautifulcityofSanFranciscowiththesuburbstothenorth.Eachday,aboutonehundredthousandautomobilescrossthebridge,takingpeopletoandfromthecity.Morethanhaftofthemcrossthebridgeduringthemorningandeveningrushhours;withtrafficsoheavy,thetripisnotpleasant.(29)Now,however,thereisatleastonegroupofhappycommuters.Thesearethepeoplewhotravelunderthebridgeinsteadofonit.Theygotoworkbyboatandenjoyitsomuchthatmostofthemsaytheywillnevergobycaragain.Theferrytheytakeistheroomyquiet,comfortable"GoldenGate".Commuterscanenjoythesunondeck.Inthemorning,theycanhavebreakfastinthecoffeeshop,andintheeveningtheycanorderadrinkinthebarwhilelookingatSanFrancisco'sfamousskylineandthenearbyhills.Thetriptakesonlythirtyminutesandisnotverycostly.Butbestofall,beingonaboatseemstomakepeoplefeelmorefriendlytowardeachother.Therehasalreadyamarriageoftwocommuterswhometonthe"GoldenGate".(30)Sincetheferryhasbeensosuccessful,thereareplanstouseother,still,largerboats.(31)Thereisalsoaproposalforahighspeedboatthatwillmakethetripwithinonlyfifteenminutes.Noteveryoneishappyaboutthat.Alotofpeopledon'twanttogetbackandforthfaster;theyfeelthathalfanhourisjustenoughtimetorelax.

(30)

A.Ittalksaboutcommunication,whichisferry,inSanFrancisco.

B.ThebridgejoinsSanFranciscowithsuburbstothenorth.

C.Thebridgeisnotsowellbuiltthatnobodylikesit.

D.Itdescribesthebridgesobeautifulthatpeoplelikeit.

23.【B8】

24.(22)

A.OnThursdayafternoon.

B.OnWednesdaymorning.

C.OnTuesdaymorning.

D.Onthisweekend.

25.【B9】

26.(15)

A.Heshouldtryabetterandconvenientway.

B.Heshouldgiveuplookingforthebook.

C.Heshouldaskthelibrarianforhelp.

D.Heshouldtrytheshelvesdownstairs.

27.(21)

A.Hersisterlivesthere.

B.Sheattendedcollegethere.

C.Shelivesthirtyminutesfromthere.

D.Shevisitedtherelastyear.

28.(13)

A.Thewomanenjoystravelingalot.

B.Themanandthewomanarehusbandandwife.

C.Thewoman'sexperienceduringherlasttripwasnotverypleasant.

D.ThewomancannotdecidewhethertogotoNewOrleansorstayathome.

29.聽力原文：M:Likeusualtheauditoriumisacompletemessthisafternoon.Newspapers,sodacans,usedtissues,allofit,justthrownalloverthefloor.Ican'tunderstandhowpeoplecanbesothoughtless.

W:Well,yourprofessorshouldhavetheauthoritytogetsomethingdoneaboutit.

Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?

(15)

A.Toasktheprofessortobeabitconsideratenexttime.

B.Toauthorizetheprofessortodealwiththeproblem.

C.Toasktheprofessortodeliveraspeech.

D.Toreporttheproblemtotheprofessor.

30.

【B9】

31.

【B2】

32.

【B4】

33.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：WehavetendedtoviewYogaasakindofforeignreligiousexercisebutinfactfromamedicalstandpoint,theage-oldsetofexercisesknownintheWestas"yoga"offersasignificantvarietyofhealthbenefits.Itincreasestheefficiencyoftheheartandslowstherespiratoryrate,improvesfitness,lowersbloodpressure,promotesrelaxation,reducesstress,andallaysanxiety.Itisnot,initself,acureforanymedicalailment.Atypicalsessionincludesthreedisciplines:breathingexercises,bodypostures,andmeditation.Youmayalsobegivenadviceonnutritionandlifestyle.Eachsessionusuallybeginswithasetofgentlewarming-upexercises.Theteacherwillthenaskyoutofocusonyourbreathing,andmaytakeyouthroughseveralbreathingexercises.Attheverylast,youwillbeaskedtobreathethroughyournose,evenlythroughbothnostrils.Thenit'sontotheyogapostures,aseriesofposesthattypicallymustbeheldforperiodsofafewsecondsorseveralminutes.Asyouassumethevariouspostures,youwillbeaskedtomovegently,withoutjerkingorbouncing.Breathingtechniquesremainimportant.Youwillneedtofocusonexhalingduringcertainmovementsandinhalingduringothers.Likewise,asyouholdcertainpostures,youmaybeinstructedtoinhalethroughonenostrilandexhalethroughtheother.Youwillbeallowedtorestaftereverythreeorfourpostures,andattheconclusionoftheexercises,thereisusuallyaperiodofrestormeditation.

(27)

A.ThebestwaytodoYoga.

B.Thetypicalprocessofyoga.

C.ThemedicalbenefitsofYoga.

D.TherelationshipbetweenhealthandYoga.

34.(39)

35.聽力原文：Formostpeople,readinganewspaperhasbecomeahabitpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.I'msureinahundredyearswewillstillbereadingnewspapers.

Whatbasicallymakesnewsiswhataffectsourlives-thebigpoliticalstoriesthecoverageofthewars,earthquakesandotherdisasterswillcontinuemuchthesame.Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificresearch,though.It'salreadyhappeninginareasthatmaydirectlyaffectourlives,likegeneticengineering.Inthefuture,Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificexplanationsofwhywefeelaswedo-aswedevelopabetterunderstandingofhowthebrainoperatesandwhatourfeelingsreallyare.

It'squitepossiblethatinthenextcenturynewspaperswillbetransmittedelectronicallyfromFleetStreetandprintedoutinourownhome.Infact,I'mprettysurethatishowitwillhappeninthefuture.Youwillprobablybeabletochoosefromamenu,makingupyourownnewspaperbypickingoutthethingsyouwanttoread.

Ithinkpeoplehavegotitwrongwhentheytalkaboutthecompetitionbetweenthedifferentmedia.Theyactuallyfeedoffeachother.Somepeopleonceforesawthattelevisionwouldkilloffnewspapers,butthathasn'thappened.Whatisreadontheprintedpagelastslongerthanpicturesonascreenorsoundlostintheair.AndasfortheInternet,it'sneverreallypleasanttoreadsomethingjustonascreen.

29．Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutnewsinthefuture?

30.Whatwillprobablybeoninthenewspapermadebyyourself?

31.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofdifferentmedia?

(30)

A.Itwillcovermorebigpoliticalaffairs.

B.Itwillcoverlessdisasters.

C.Itwillcovermorescientificresearch.

D.Itwon'tbeprintedinpublishinghouses.

36.聽力原文：M:I'msorryI'mlate,Cindy.

W:That'sallright,Joe.Myhouseisn'tthateasytofind.Butyouknow,youwouldn'thavegottenlostifyouhada"smart"car.

M:Asmartcar?What'sBat?

W:Ijustreadamagazinearticleaboutsomenewtechnologythatcanmakeacarsmart.Onedeviceisacomputerizedmapdisplayandasynthesizedvoice,youmustentertheaddresswhereyouwanttogo,andthevoicetellsyouhowtogetthere,streetbystreet.

M:Hey,that'sjustlikemybrother.Henevergetslost,andhe'salwaystellingmethebestroute.Sowhatelsewillsmartcarsbeabletodo?

W:Well,thearticlesaidthatthey'llbeequippedwithradarwarningsystemsthatwillwarndriversifthey'regettingtooclosetoothercarswithanalarmsignal,andthey'llevenputonthebrakesifthedriversdon't.

M:Tellme,Cindy,willthesecarsbesmartenoughtofillthemselvesupwithgas?

W:NotthatIknowof.Whydoyouask?

M:Well,I'mlatenotbecauseIgotlost—I'mlatebecauseIranoutofgasonthewayoverhere.

(23)

A.$5B.$15C.$30D.$250

37.(35)

A.Springlastslongerthananyotherseasonoftheyear.

B.Springistheshortestseasonoftheyear.

C.Theweatherinspring,likeinfall,isneithertoohotnortoocold.

D.SpringincreasesthevitalityofeverylivingthingonEarth.

38.(32)

A.Weneedourfriendstosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.

B.Weneedourteacherstoguideus.

C.Weneedco-workerstohelpus.

D.Alonelyperson'spopularitymaybeincreasedwithmoresocialcontacts.

39.聽力原文：Sincemanfirstscrawledinthedirtwithhisfinger,peoplehavesearchedforbetterwaystorecordthewrittenword.Today,thatquestisperhapsbestexemplifiedbyoneofthewritinginstrumentindustry'sleaders:ParkerPen.

InAmerica,thepen-makingindustryofficiallybeganin1809.But,itwasn'tuntilthe1880sthatthefountainpenaswenowknowgotitsstart.AmongtheearlyindustryleaderswasGeorgeSaffordParker,aschoolteacherfromJanesville,whobecamefrustratedwiththeunreliabilityofthewritinginstrumentsthenavailabletohisstudents.

Toimprovehisinsufficientteachingsalary,ParkerhadasidelineasanagentforJohnHollandfountainpens.Thepenswereunreliable,deliveringtoomuchinkattimesandatothertimes,noinkatall.Inanycase,Parkerfeltobligatedtorepairthepenshesoldtohisstudents.So,hepurchasedafewsmalltools,andbegantolearntheinnerworkingsoffountainpens.Asthestudentslearnedtheycoulddependontheirteachertokeeptheirpensinworkingorder,thenumberofpenshesoldincreased,sodidhisfrustration.Finally,hedecidedhecouldmakeabetterpenhimself.Andhedid.

ParkerpatentedhisfirstfountainpendesignonDecember10,1889.TwoyearslaterheenteredapartnershipwithinsurancemanW.EPalmerandinFebruaryof1892theyincorporatedtheParkerPenCompany.

(30)

A.In1809.B.In1818.C.Inthe1880s.D.Inthe1890s.

40.聽力原文：Everycountrytendstoacceptitsownwayoflifeasbeingthenormaloneandtopraiseorcriticizeothersastheyaresimilartoordifferentfromit.Unfortunately,ourpictureofthepeopleandthewayoflifeofothercountriesisoftenadistortedone.

Hereisagreatargumentinfavorofforeigntravelandlearningforeignlanguages.Itisonlybytravelingin,orlivinginacountryandgettingtoknowitsinhabitantsandtheirlanguagethatonecanfindoutwhatacountryanditspeoplearereallylike.Howdifferenttheknowledgeonegainsthiswayfrequentlyturnsouttobefromthesecond-handinformationgatheredfromothersources!Howoftenwefindthattheforeignerswhomwethoughttobesuchdifferentpeoplefromourselvesarenotverydifferentatall!

Differencesbetweenpeoplesdoofcourseexistand,onehopes,willalwayscontinuetodoso.Theworldwillbeadullplaceindeedwhenallthedifferentnationalitiesbehaveexactlyalike.Somepeoplemightsaythatwearerapidlyapproachingthisstateofaffairs.Withthemuchgreaterrapidityandeaseoftravel,theremightseemtobesometruthinthisatleastasfarasEuropeisconcerned.Howeverthismaybe,atleastthegreatereaseoftraveltodayhasrevealedtomorepeoplethaneverbeforethattheEnglishmanorFrenchmanorGermanisnotsomedifferentkindofanimalfromthemselves.

(30)

A.Theywillfindoutwhatitspeoplelike.

B.Theywillknowhowtoliveinanotherway.

C.Theywillknowthecountryanditspeoplebetter.

D.Theywilllikeitsinhabitantsandtheirlanguage.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Thetelecityisacitywhoselife,direction,andfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthetwenty-firstcentury,citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatisdependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsandinformationnetworkswilldefineacity'sarchitecture,shape,andcharacter.Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworksasmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.Intheageofthetelecity,NewYorkandSingaporemaybecloserthan,say,NewYorkandArkadelphia,Arkansas.

Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveralreasons,includingthedrivetowardcleanair,reducingpollution,energyconservation,morejobsbasedonservices,andcopingwiththehighcostofurbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsinahigh-technologyworld.

Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedinthewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCentreinNewYorkCityandattacksinIndonesia,SaudiArabia,andelsewhere.Buttherisksposedbytwentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregisterfullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagon,forexample,hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsandconnectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewise,thereconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentrecomplexstillrepresentsamassiveconcentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsightedanddangerousvisionofthefuture.

Thesecurityrisks,economicexpenses,andenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhere,andtheydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Therearerisksalsoatseaportsandairports,infoodandwatersupplies,atnuclearpowerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordams,intransportationsystems,andininformationandcommunicationsystems.

Thisvulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror,suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyinSeptember2003,andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoons,hurricanes,floods,andearthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatovercentralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophicdestruction.

Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthenewbroadbandelectronicsystemnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkeyassetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofar,corporationshavebeenquickesttoadjusttothesenewrealities,andsomegovernmentshavebeguntoadjustaswell.

Whatwillbecrucialtotheeconomyofthecitiesinthetwenty-firstcentury?

A.Services.

B.Telecommunications.

C.Intellectualproperty.

D.bothAandB.

42.

Thehouse-owner'sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans______.

A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears

B.hedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytofixthestep

C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault

D.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared

43.

【C3】

44.

Fromthepassagewecaninferthatpeoplewouldnotadmittobealast-minuteshopperbecause______.

A.theywantedtouseagiftcertificate

B.ChristmaswouldbecelebratedonJan.7th

C.theydidnotwantgiftsrecipientstoknowthattheyboughtthemgiftsonthelastday

D.theyboughtgiftsduringtheshoppingseasonlastingfromDecember15thtoDecember24th

45.Untilabout30yearsago,languageresearchersfocusedtheirstudiesoninfantswhohadalreadybeguntobabble,accordingtoJusczyk,whohaswrittenabookonhowchildrenacquirelanguagetitledTheDiscoveryofSpoken.Language.Babiesstarttovocalizeataroundfourmonthsofage,andtobabbleinstringsofwordsataroundsixorsevenmonths.

"Theoriesaroundatthattimesaidthatinfantsperceivedspeechsoundsbyproducingthem,"saysJusczyk.Inotherwords,bylisteningtothemselvesbabble,babieslearnedtotellonesoundfromanother.Mom,Dad,orthebabysitterwouldreinforcethesesoundsbyrepeatingtheirutteranceslike,"Baba!That'sbottle."

Researchers,however,hadnotdevelopedmethodsofdecipheringwhatwentthroughababy'smindbeforebabyutteredhisfirst"Ma"or"Papa".SoJusczykandotherexperimentalistsdevisedtechniquesthatallowthemtostudythepre-babbler.Theyhavedemonstratedthatspeechistheculminationofatremendousamountoflearning.Longbeforeababyuttershisfirst"baba",theresearchersdiscovered,hismindisfuriouslysortingoutthesoundsandshapesofwordsandsentences.

ColleaguescreditJusczykforbeingoneofthekeyexperimentaliststobridgethegapbetweenthestudyofinfantspeechperceptionandlanguagedevelopment."Peteristhefatherofalotofthiswork,"saysRobinCooper,anassociateprofessorofpsychology,whostudiesinfantlanguageacquisition.

Intheirdecades-longsearchfortheuniversaltruthsaboutlanguageacquisition,Jusczykandcollaboratorsaroundtheworldhavefoundthatateverystageofdevelopment,babiesknowalotmorethanthey'dbeengivencreditfor.Theveryseedsoflanguagelearning,infact,starttodevelopinthewomb(子宮).

Researcherscannoteasilyinvestigatelanguageperceptioninthewomb,however.Sotheystudynewbornbabies'reactionstosoundsthatmimicthemuffledlanguagethatpenetratesthewomb.Inthistechnique,newbornbabieslistentofilteredrecordingsofawoman(thebaby'smotheroranothermother)speaking,whilesuckingonapacifier(嬰兒用的橡皮奶頭)thatisattachedtoapressuretransducer(傳感器).Filteringe