英語(yǔ)人教版必修3學(xué)案UNIT4SECTIONⅠWARMINGUPREADING-PREREADING

Ifyouwatchtheskyaboutanhourafterthesungoesdown,youmayseesome“movingstars〞．Butthey'renotrealstars.Theyareman-madesatellites.AndthebiggestofallistheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS國(guó)際空間站)．FromnowuntilJulyisthebestseasontowatchtheISSflyingovertheearth,andpeoplecanseeitjustwiththeireyes.TheISSisthebiggestman-madesatellitebecausescientistswanttoliveonit.Theythinkthatthebestwaytolearnmoreaboutspaceistolivethere.Whenthespacestationisfinished,itwillbelikeacityinspace.Peoplewillstayandstudytherewithmanyofthethingstheyhaveathome.Laboratories,livingroomsandpowerstationsarebeingbuilt.TheISSisthemostambitiousandexpensivespaceprogramever.Billionsofdollarsarebeingspentoniteveryyear.ScientistshopethattheISSwillbeastepping-stoneforfuturespaceexploration.“TheISSwillhelpusbetterunderstandthehumanbody,explorespaceandstudytheearth.Itcanhelpusmakelifeontheearthbetter，〞saidKathrynClark,anISSscientist.ChinaisnotanISScountry,butithashelpedwithsomeoftheexperiments.ChinasentsomericeuptotheISStofindoutwhatspacewoulddotoit.TheISSisnotfinishedyet.Morethan100partsneedtobeputon.Scientistshopeitwillbefinishedassoonaspossible.Afterit'sfinished,morethan90%oftheworld'spopulationwillbeabletoseetheSpaceStation.Sokeeplookingup,andmaybeyou'llseeitgetbigger.Section_ⅠWarming__Up_&_Reading_—_Pre-reading[原文呈現(xiàn)]HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHNooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago①.However,accordingto②awidelyaccepted③theory④，theuniversebeganwith⑤a“BigBang⑥〞thatthrewmatterinalldirections⑦.Afterthat,atoms⑧begantoformandbinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.Forseveralbillion⑨yearsafterthe“BigBang〞，theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust⑩.Whatitwastobeewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe?.Theearthbecamesoviolent?thatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot?.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimeto?producecarbondioxide?，nitrogen?，watervapour?andothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere?.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown?，waterbegantoappearonitssurface.①asithappenedsolongago是as引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語(yǔ)從句。②accordingto“依據(jù)〞，后跟名詞、代詞等，不跟me,us,view,opinion等詞。③widelyaccepted廣泛接受的④theory/'θI?rI/n．學(xué)說；理論⑤beginwith(＝startwith)從……開頭，起源于⑥BigBang宇宙大爆炸；創(chuàng)世大爆炸⑦inalldirections(＝ineverydirection)朝四周八方⑧atom/'?t?m/n．原子⑨billion/'bIlI?n/pron.&n.&adj.〈英〉萬(wàn)億；〈美〉十億⑩acloudofdust一團(tuán)塵埃acloudof一般用來(lái)修飾不行數(shù)名詞。?globe/ɡl??b/n．球體；地球儀；地球global/'ɡl??bl/adj.全球性的；全世界的?violent/'vaI?l?nt/adj.猛烈的；劇烈的；強(qiáng)暴的?it為形式主語(yǔ)，whether從句為真正的主語(yǔ)。?intimetodosth./forsth.準(zhǔn)時(shí)做某事；來(lái)得及做某事intime準(zhǔn)時(shí)；最終?carbondioxide二氧化碳carbon/'kɑ?b?n/n．碳dioxide/daI'?ksaId/n．二氧化物?nitrogen/'naItr?d??n/n．氮?watervapour蒸氣；水蒸氣vapour/'veIp?/n．水蒸氣；蒸氣?atmosphere/'?tm?sfI?/n．大氣層；氣氛?cooldown涼下來(lái)，冷卻地球上生命的起源[第1～2段譯文]沒有人準(zhǔn)確知道地球是怎樣開頭的，由于在很久以前它就形成了。然而，依據(jù)一種普遍為人們所接受的理論，宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，這次大爆炸將物質(zhì)投射到四周八方。然后，原子開頭形成并結(jié)合成恒星和其他天體。大爆炸后好幾十億年過去了，地球還只是一團(tuán)塵埃。(隨后)它變成什么沒人確定，直到45～38億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才漸漸地形成一個(gè)固態(tài)的球體。地球變得如此劇烈動(dòng)亂，以至于不知道這個(gè)固體外形是否會(huì)連續(xù)存在下去。它(地球)猛烈的爆炸噴出了烈火和巖石，最終產(chǎn)生了二氧化碳、氮?dú)?、水蒸氣和其他氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。更重要的是，隨著地球冷卻了下來(lái)，地球的外表開頭消失了水。WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unlike?theearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaleq\o(○,\s\up1(21))tothedevelopmentoflifeeq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwatereq\o(○,\s\up1(23))allowedtheearthtodissolveeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))harmfuleq\o(○,\s\up1(25))gasesandacidseq\o(○,\s\up1(26))intotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreactioneq\o(○,\s\up1(27))，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))andfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygeneq\o(○,\s\up1(29))，whichencouragedeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))thelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfisheq\o(○,\s\up1(31))andallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))calledamphibianseq\o(○,\s\up1(33))，wereabletoliveonlandaswellaseq\o(○,\s\up1(34))inthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptileseq\o(○,\s\up1(35))appearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggseq\o(○,\s\up1(36)).Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurseq\o(○,\s\up1(37))，developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))ontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaurseq\o(○,\s\up1(39))ended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedeq\o(○,\s\up1(40))stillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossibletheriseofmammalseq\o(○,\s\up1(41))ontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheygavebirthtoeq\o(○,\s\up1(42))youngbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.?unlike/?n'laIk/prep.與……不同；不像eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))fundamental/?f?nd?'mentl/adj.根本的；根底的befundamentalto是……的根底eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthat...,it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語(yǔ)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))thecontinuedpresenceofwater水的長(zhǎng)期存在continuedadj.持續(xù)不斷的presence/'prezns/n．出席；到場(chǎng)；存在eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))dissolve/dI'z?lv/vt.&vi.溶解；解散eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))harmful/'hɑ?mfl/adj.有害的beharmfulto對(duì)……有害(＝doharmto)eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))acid/'?sId/n．酸eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))achainreaction連鎖反響chain/t?eIn/n.鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈inchains戴著鐐銬reaction/rI'?k?n/n．反響；回應(yīng)eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))multiply/'m?ltIplaI/vi.&vt.乘；增加eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))oxygen/'?ksId??n/n．氧eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))encouragevt.鼓舞；鼓舞；促進(jìn)；激發(fā)eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))shellfish/'?elfI?/n.水生有殼動(dòng)物eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))calledamphibians“被稱為兩棲動(dòng)物〞，過去分詞短語(yǔ)called...作后置定語(yǔ)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))amphibian/?m'fIbI?n/n．兩棲動(dòng)物eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))aswellas也；還；與……一樣好eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))reptile/'reptaIl/n.爬行動(dòng)物；爬蟲eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))layeggs下蛋；產(chǎn)卵eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))dinosaurn．恐龍eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))exist/Ig'zIst/vi.存在；生存eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))theageofthedinosaurs恐龍時(shí)代eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))why引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))theriseofmammals哺乳動(dòng)物的興起mammal/'m?ml/n．哺乳動(dòng)物eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))givebirthto產(chǎn)生；分娩[第3～4段譯文]在其他行星像火星上也消失了水，但和地球不同的是，這些水后來(lái)都消逝了。水對(duì)生命的開展起關(guān)鍵作用，這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時(shí)并不明顯。很多科學(xué)家信任，地球上長(zhǎng)期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。這就產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)連鎖反響，使生命的開展成為可能。好幾百萬(wàn)年以后，水的外表開頭消失了第一批微小的植物。它們繁殖起來(lái)使得海洋布滿了氧氣，這為早期的貝類及各種魚類后來(lái)的進(jìn)化制造了條件。接著，綠色植物開頭在陸地上生長(zhǎng)。隨后，陸地上消失了動(dòng)物，其中有一些是昆蟲，另外一些叫兩棲動(dòng)物，它們既能在陸地上生活，也能在水里生活。后來(lái)，當(dāng)這些植物長(zhǎng)成森林時(shí)，爬行動(dòng)物第一次消失了。它們一般是通過孵蛋來(lái)繁衍后代的。再后來(lái)，一些叫恐龍的巨型動(dòng)物消失了。它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬(wàn)年。然而，六千五百萬(wàn)年前，恐龍時(shí)代結(jié)束了。它們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)突然滅亡至今仍是個(gè)謎?？铸埖臏缤鍪沟厍蛏喜溉閯?dòng)物的興起成為了可能。這些動(dòng)物不同于以往全部的生命形態(tài)，由于它們從體內(nèi)生產(chǎn)出幼仔并給幼仔哺乳。Finallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcleveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thuseq\o(○,\s\up1(43))theyhave,intheirturneq\o(○,\s\up1(44))，beethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheyarenotlookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingeq\o(○,\s\up1(45))fromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofeq\o(○,\s\up1(46))this,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybeetoohottoliveoneq\o(○,\s\up1(47)).Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstoewilldependoneq\o(○,\s\up1(48))whetherthisproblemcanbesolved.eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))thus/e?s/adv.因此；于是eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))inone'sturn輪到某人；接著eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))prevent...fromdoing阻擋/制止……做eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))asaresultof由于……的結(jié)果eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))toohottoliveon太熱而不能在上面居住too...to...太……而不能……；liveon中的on不能省略，由于theearth是其規(guī)律上的賓語(yǔ)，而live是不及物動(dòng)詞，后須加介詞才能跟賓語(yǔ)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))dependon取決于；依靠[第5段譯文]最終，大約260萬(wàn)年前，一些小巧聰慧、長(zhǎng)著手腳的動(dòng)物消失了，它們散布在地球的各個(gè)地方。于是，他們接著成了這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物。然而，他們并沒有照看好地球，他們把過多的二氧化碳排放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱量不能釋放到太空中去。因此，很多科學(xué)家信任地球可能會(huì)變得太熱而不適合生物的生存。所以，在將來(lái)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)年中，生命能否在地球上連續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問題能否得到解決。

Pre-readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．a(chǎn)stronomyA．學(xué)說；理論2．system B．猛烈的；劇烈的3．theoryC．大氣層；氣氛4．violent D．根本的；根底的5．a(chǎn)tmosphereE．乘；增加6．fundamentalF．謎；(使)迷惑7．harmfulG．存在；生存8．multiplyH．有害的9．existI．天文學(xué)10．puzzleJ．系統(tǒng)；體系；制度11．unlikeK．；12．religionL．與……不同；不像1～5________6～10________11～12________答案：1～5IJABC6～10DHEGF11～12LKLead-inLookatthepicturesbelowandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Areyouinterestedinastronomy？Whatcanyouseeinthefollowingpictures?答案：A.TheSolarSystem B．TheMilkyWayC．TheBlackHole2．Eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganontheearth.Whatdoyouknowabouttheoriginoflifeontheearth?eq\a\vs4\al(1,,,,)eq\a\vs4\al(InChineseculture，Nüwamadehumanbeings.)eq\a\vs4\al(2,,,,,)eq\a\vs4\al(Inwesterncountries，Godcreatedtheworldandalllivingthings.)While-readingFast-reading1．Firstlookatthetitleandthepicturesofthetext,andthenskimthefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandfinishthefollowingquestion.What'sthemainideaofthetext?Thepassagemainlytellsusthe_formation_of_the_earth_and_the_development_of_life_on_it.2.Matchthemainideawiththeproperparagraph.(1)Paragraph1A．Howhumansappearedandwhateffectstheyhadontheearth.(2)Paragraph2 B．Waterisveryimportanttolifeontheearth.(3)Paragraph3C．Howtheearthformed.(4)Paragraph4 D．Howtheplantsandanimalsontheearthdeveloped.(5)Paragraph5E．Itiswidelyacceptedthattheuniversebeganwitha“BigBang〞．答案：(1)～(5)ECBDACareful-readingChoosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．theearth'satmosphereB．thesolarsystemC．thedevelopmentoflifeD．thedifferencebetweentheearthandotherplanets2．Whathappenedshortlyafterthe“BigBang〞？A．Theearthwasjustacloudofenergeticdust.B．Theearthbecameasolidballquickly.C．Theearth'satmosphereappeared.D．Waterstayedonthemoon.3．Whatmakestheearthdifferentfromotherplanets?A．It'squitewarmontheearth.B．Thereisplentyofatmosphere.C．Smallplantsgrowingonthesurfaceofthewaterappeared.D．Thefirstoceansandseaswerefilledwithoxygen.4．When________，reptilesappeared.A．thefirstgreenplantsbegantoappearonlandB．landanimalsappearedC．theplantsgrewintoforestsD．earlyshellfishdeveloped答案：1～4CACCStudy-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]沒有人準(zhǔn)確知道地球是怎樣開頭的，由于在很久以前它就形成了。2．Whatitwastobeewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]隨后它變成什么沒人確定，直到45～38億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才漸漸地形成了一個(gè)固態(tài)的球體。3．Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.[句式分析]這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句；that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；as在表語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。[嘗試翻譯]更重要的是，隨著地球的不斷冷卻，地球外表消失了水。4．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstoewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]所以，在將來(lái)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)年中，生命能否在地球上連續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問題能否得到解決。Ⅰ.閱讀理解ASomenewets(彗星)havebeendiscoveredaccidentallybyamateur(業(yè)余的)astronomers.Surprisinglyafewbrightetshavebeendiscoveredwiththenakedeye(肉眼)bymembersofthegeneralpublic.However,agreatnumberofetsarefoundbyethunterscarryingouttelescopesearchesofchosenareasofthenightsky.AsthemovementofalletsisdirectedaroundtheSunandbecausethesebodiesbrightenastheymovetowardstheSun,thereisagreaterpossibilityforthediscoveryofanewetintheskiestowardstheSunratherthanawayfromtheSun'sdirection.Thismeansthatsearchesshouldbeputonthewesternskyaftereveninglightandontheeasternskybeforemorninglight.Fromtheastronomicalpointthereisnotimeduringtheyearwhichisthebestforthediscoveryofnewets.AsearchcanbedoneatanytimeprovidingthereisnobrightMoon.Studiesdoneonthediscoveryconditionsofetsdiscoveredbeforeshowthatmoreetshavebeendiscoveredinthemorningskythanintheeveningsky.Thusthesmartethuntershouldmakesurethatmorningactivityreceivesasmuchifnotmoreattentionthananyeveningeffort.Inrecenttimes,theuseofadvancedCCDtechnologytodiscoverobjectsclosetotheEarthwillinthefuturegreatlyreducethechancesofnewetsbeingfoundwithsmalltelescopes.AnexampleofthenewtechnologyistheverysuccessfulLINEARprogramoperatinginNewMexico.However,untilasimilarsystemisbasedinthesouthernhalfoftheEarththerewillcontinuetobechancesforthediscoveryofnewetswhichefromthesouth.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是說明文。文章介紹了觀測(cè)彗星的要領(lǐng)。1．Whatareethuntersadvisedtodo?A．LookawayfromtheSun.B．Staywherethere'sbrightlight.C．Facethewesternskyinthedaytime.D．Turntotheeastintheearlymorning.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的“Thismeansthatsearchesshouldbeputonthewesternskyaftereveninglightandontheeasternskybeforemorninglight.〞可知，早晨太陽(yáng)出來(lái)之前應(yīng)觀測(cè)東面的天空。2．Whatdoweknowaboutthetimeforthediscoveryofnewets?A．Dayswhenthey'reclosetotheEartharegreatchances.B．Certainfixeddaysarebestforwatchingets.C．Everydayisthesameifthere'snobrightMoon.D．DayswiththeMoonshouldneverbemissed.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“AsearchcanbedoneatanytimeprovidingthereisnobrightMoon.〞可知，只要沒有月亮，每一天對(duì)彗星獵人來(lái)說都一樣可以觀測(cè)。3．Whichofthefollowingisasmartideaforethunters?A．Payingmoreattentioninthemorningthanintheafternoon.B．Beingequallyseriousbothinthemorningandafternoon.C．Beingmorerelaxedinthemorningthanintheafternoon.D．Formingahabitofworkingonlyinthemorning.解析：選B推理推斷題。由第四段中的“Thusthesmartethuntershouldmakesurethatmorningactivityreceivesasmuchifnotmoreattentionthananyeveningeffort.〞可知，早晚觀測(cè)彗星應(yīng)當(dāng)投入一樣的精力。4．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheCCDtechnology?A．It'ssimilartoatelescope.B．It'lldisappointethunters.C．It'sspreadingallovertheworld.D．It'llmakeethuntersfeellucky.解析：選B推理推斷題。由最終一段中的“theuseofadvancedCCDtechnology...greatlyreducethechancesofnewetsbeingfoundwithsmalltelescopes〞可知，這種技術(shù)降低了追星獵人發(fā)覺新的彗星的概率，因此他們應(yīng)當(dāng)會(huì)感到有些絕望。BEdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofetswhichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularetwasaverydifficultmathematical(數(shù)學(xué)上的)problem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.However,HalleyhadafriendnamedNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem,buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofaethadtheshapeofanellipse(橢圓)．NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredout(解決；計(jì)算出)theorbitsofsomeoftheetsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Theetsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607,and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Thedifferentetsfollowedthesameorbit.Themorehalleythoughtaboutit,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentets,aspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesameetthreetimes.Theethadgoneawayandhadebackagain.Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeaprediction(預(yù)言)ofwhatetwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthisetwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.In1758theetappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehasdiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatethasbeencalledHalley'set,inhishonor.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要介紹了200多年前英國(guó)科學(xué)家哈雷以及他的發(fā)覺。5．Halleymadehisdiscovery________.A．bydoingexperimentsB．bymeansofhisowncarefulobservationC．byusingtheworkofotherscientistsD．bychance解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中第三段“Hefiguredout(解決；計(jì)算出)theorbitsofsomeoftheetsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.〞可知應(yīng)選C。6．Halleymadeasurprising,butcorrectpredictionintheyear________.A．1704 B．1705C．1706 D．1707解析：選B數(shù)字計(jì)算題。由最終一段中的“Hedecidedthatthisetwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.〞可知，他預(yù)言彗星消失的時(shí)間是1758年，而這個(gè)預(yù)言還要經(jīng)過53年才能驗(yàn)證，由此可以推斷出哈雷做出這個(gè)預(yù)言的時(shí)間是1705年。7．Thispassageingeneralisabout________.A．HalleyandotherscientistsB．theorbitofaetC．NewtonandHalleyD．Halleyandhisdiscovery解析：選D主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了哈雷以及他的發(fā)覺。8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．EdmundHalleywasanAmericanscientist.B．Halleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiments.C．Newtonwasafamousmathematician.D．Theorbitofaethadtheshapeofacircle.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章首句可以看出A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；從第三段的分析中可知B項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤；由其次段可知，牛頓告知哈雷彗星的軌道是橢圓形的，可排解D項(xiàng)。CMyfriendTimwasoneoffivechildren.Hisfatherwasanalcoholicanddiedveryyoung,andhismotherwasunabletosupportthefamily.Unfortunately,thechildrenwereseparatedandplacedinfosterhomes(收養(yǎng)家庭)．Timdroppedoutofschoolanddidnothingtofurtherhimself.Heeventuallywentthroughadivorce.Tim'sbrother,althoughexperiencingthesamechildhood,educatedhimselfandgotagoodjob.Hehasahappyfamilyandawonderfulhome.Bothbrothersgaveasimilaranswerwhenaskedwhytheirlivesturnedoutthewaytheydid.Theysaid,“You'dturnoutthiswaytooifyouhadachildhoodlikemine.〞Neitherofthebrotherscouldchangehispast,butoneofthemadjusted(調(diào)整)hissail.Itdoesn'ttakemuchtofindanexcusewhetherthatisourfamilybackground,ourlackofeducation,orthatweliveinthewrongcity,ordonotknowtherightpeople.Eachoneoftheseexcuseshasasolution.However,ifyoubelievethatthereisnothingyoucandototurnyourlifearound,thenyouwon'tbeabletochangeyourlifeforthebetter.Ifyoureallydesiretoturnyourlifetoanewcourse,tosetyoursailtoadifferentport,itisamatterofchoice.Ifyouchoosetomoveforward,theeasiestwayistofindasolutiontoyourtoday'ssituation.Solutionsarethereifyouwanttogoafterthem.Sure,itmaytakesomehardwork,orthewillingnesstotakearisk.Butifyoudonot,thenyouwillneverhaveadifferentorhappylife.Donotlimityourselfbyfindinganexcuse;onlylimityourselfbyrefusingtohaveanexcuse.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文為夾敘夾議文。我們的過往是什么樣子并不是很重要，由于將來(lái)把握在我們自己手里。9．WhydoesTim'sbrotherhaveahappylife?A．Hehadahappychildhood.B．Hetriedhardtochangehislife.C．Hehadawonderfulfosterhome.D．Hewasthesmartestofhisfamily.解析：選B推理推斷題。由其次段“Tim'sbrother,althoughexperiencingthesamechildhood,educatedhimselfandgotagoodjob.〞可知，Tim的哥哥是由于努力轉(zhuǎn)變自己的命運(yùn)才有了一個(gè)幸福的生活。10．WhatdidTimthinkledtohisunhappylife?A．Hislaziness.B．Notadjustinghissail.C．Hi