美國文學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料

TheReviewInformationofFinalExamination一、Match(thewriterandtheirworks)1、AnneBradstreet：《SomeversesontheBurningofOurHouse》；《TheSpiritandtheFlesh》；《TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica》2、MichaelWigglesworth：《TheDayofDoom》3、EdwardTaylor：《PreparatoryMeditation》4、ThomasJefferson：《TheDeclarationofIndependence》5、ThomasPaine:《CommonSense》6、BenjaminFranklin:《PoorRichard’sAlmanac格言歷書》；《Autobiography自傳》7、PhilipFreneau：《TheRisingGloryofAmerica美洲光芒興起》；《TheHouseofNight夜之屋》；《TheBritishPrisonShip英國囚船》；《TotheMemoryoftheBraveAmericans紀(jì)念美國勇士》；《TheWildHoneySuckle野金銀花》；《TheIndianBuryingGround印第安人墓地》；《TheDyingIndian:TomoChequi奄奄一息印第安人：托姆·察吉》8、WashingtonIrving：《AHistoryofNewYork紐約外史》（underthenameofDiedrichKnickerbocker）；《TheSketchBook見聞札記/札記集》（《RipVanWinkle瑞普·凡·溫克爾》&《TheLegendofSleepyHollow睡谷傳說》）；《BracebridgeHall布雷斯布里奇莊園》；《TalesofaTraveler》；《OliverGoldsmith哥爾德斯密斯》；《LifeofGeorgeWashington華盛頓傳》；9、JamesFenimoreCooper：《Precaution》；《TheSpy》；《ThePioneers》；《ThePilot》；《LionelLincoln》;《TheLastoftheMohicans》；《TheRedRover》；《ThePrairie》；《TheRedRover》1828；《TheWeptofWish-Ton-Wish》；《TheWaterWitch》1830；《ThePathfinder》；《TheDeerslayer》；10、WilliamCullenBryant：《ToaWaterfowl致水鳥》；《Thanatopsis死亡隨想》；《TheYellowViolet黃色堇香花》；《Poems詩選》；《TheFountain泉》；《TheWhite-FootedDeer白蹄鹿》；《AForestHymn森林賦》；《TheFloodofYears似水流年》；11、EdgarAllanPoe：《TalesoftheGrotesqueandtheArabesque奇異怪誕故事集》；《MS.FoundinaBottle瓶子里發(fā)覺手稿》；《TheMurdersintheRueMorgue毛格街殺人案》；《TheFalloftheHouseofUsher厄舍古屋崩塌》；《TheMasqueoftheRedDeath紅色死亡化裝舞會》；《TheCaskofAmontillado一桶酒故事》；《TheRaven烏鴉》；《Israfel伊斯拉菲爾》；《AnnabelLee安娜貝爾?李》；《ToHelen致海倫》；《ThePoeticPrinciple詩歌原理》；《ThePhilosophyofComposition創(chuàng)作哲學(xué)》12、NathanielHowthorne：《Twice-ToldTales故事重述》；《MossesfromanOldManse古宅青苔》；《TheScarletLetter紅字》；《TheHouseoftheSevenGables七個尖角閣房子》；《TheBlithedaleRomance福谷傳奇》；《TheMarbleFaun大理石雕像》；《YoungGoodmanBrown好小伙兒布朗》；《TheMinister’sBlackVeil教長黑面紗》；《Dr.Rappacini’sDaughter拉普齊尼博士女兒13、WilliamWhitman：《LeavesofGrass》14、RalphWaldoEmerson：《Nature》；《TheAmericanScholar》,regardedas《DeclarationofIntellectualIndependence》；《ThePoet》；《Self-Reliance》；《EachandAll》15、HenryDavidThoreau：《AWeekontheConcordandMerrimackRivers》；《Walden》；《LifeintheWoods》；《TheMaineWoods》；《CivilDisobedience》；《APleaforCaptainJohnBrown》；16、WilliamDeanHowells：《TheRiseofSilasLapham》；《AChanceAcquaintance》；《AModernInstance》17、Regionalliterature（similar,butlargerintheworld）Garland,Harte–thewestBretHarte:TheLuckofRoaringCamp《咆哮營幸運兒》HamlinGarland:Main-travelledRoads《大路條條》Eggleston–Indiana：TheHoosierSchoolmaster《山區(qū)校長》Mrs.StoweOldTownFolks《老城人們》Jewett–MaineDeephaven《深深擁有》KateChopin–Louisiana：BayouFolk《路易斯安娜移民》,ANightinAcadie《愛克迪之夜》,TheAwakening《覺醒》Woolson:CastleNowhere:Lake-CountrySketches《處處城堡：鄉(xiāng)村湖景札記》18、BretHarte：《Tennessee’sPartener》；《TheLuckofRoaringCamp》19、HannibalHamlinGarland：《Main-travelledRoads》；《MrsRipley’sTrip》20、MarkTwain：《TheGildedAge鍍金時代》；《thetwoadvantages》；《LifeontheMississippi》；《AConnecticutYankeeinKing》，《Arthur’sCourt》；《TheManThatCorruptedHardleybug》；《\o"AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn"AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn哈克貝利·費恩歷險記》；《\o"TheAdventuresofTomSawyer"TheAdventuresofTomSawyer湯姆·索亞歷險記》；《\o"TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty"TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty》；《\o"TheInnocentsAbroad"TheInnocentsAbroad》(non-fictiontravel)；《\o"RoughingIt"RoughingIt艱辛歲月》(non-fiction)；《TheNotoriousJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty卡城名蛙》；\o"TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty"TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty(fiction)\o"TheInnocentsAbroad"TheInnocentsAbroad傻子出國記(non-fictiontravel)\o"MarkTwain's(Burlesque)AutobiographyandFirstRomance"MarkTwain's(Burlesque)AutobiographyandFirstRomance\o"SketchesNewandOld"SketchesNewandOld(fictionalstories)\o"OldTimesontheMississippi"OldTimesontheMississippi(non-fiction)\o"TheAdventuresofTomSawyer"TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(fiction)\o"AMurder,aMystery,andaMarriage"AMurder,aMystery,andaMarriage(fiction);\o"ATrampAbroad"ATrampAbroad(travel)\o"1601(MarkTwain)"1601:Conversation,asitwasbytheSocialFireside,intheTimeofthe\o"1601(MarkTwain)"Tudors(fiction)\o"ThePrinceandthePauper"ThePrinceandthePauper王子與貧兒(fiction)\o"LifeontheMississippi"LifeontheMississippi密西西比河上(non-fiction(mainly))\o"AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn"AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(fiction)\o"AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur'sCourt"AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur'sCourt(fiction)\o"TheAmericanClaimant"TheAmericanClaimant(fiction)\o"The￡1,000,000BankNoteandOtherNewStories"The\o"The￡1,000,000BankNoteandOtherNewStories"￡\o"The￡1,000,000BankNoteandOtherNewStories"1,000,000BankNoteandOtherNewStories(fictional)\o"TomSawyerAbroad"TomSawyerAbroad(fiction)\o"TheTragedyofPudd'nheadWilson"TheTragedyofPudd'nheadWilson(fiction)\o"TomSawyer,Detective"TomSawyer,Detective(fiction)\o"PersonalRecollectionsofJoanofArc"PersonalRecollectionsofJoanofArc(fiction)\o"HowtoTellaStoryandotherEssays"HowtoTellaStoryandotherEssays(non-fictionalessays)\o"FollowingtheEquator"FollowingtheEquator(non-fictiontravel)\o"IsHeDead?"IsHeDead?(play)\o"TheManThatCorruptedHadleyburg"TheManThatCorruptedHadleyburg(fiction)\o"TheBattleHymnoftheRepublic,Updated"TheBattleHymnoftheRepublic,Updated(satire)\o"EdmundBurkeonCrokerandTammany"EdmundBurkeonCrokerandTammany(politicalsatire)\o"TothePersonSittinginDarkness"TothePersonSittinginDarkness(essay)\o"ADog'sTale"ADog'sTale(fiction)\o"KingLeopold'sSoliloquy"KingLeopold'sSoliloquy(politicalsatire)\o"TheWarPrayer"TheWarPrayer(fiction)\o"WhatIsMan?"WhatIsMan?(essay)\o"Eve'sDiary"Eve'sDiary(fiction)\o"ChristianScience(book)"ChristianScience(non-fiction)\o"IsShakespeareDead?"IsShakespeareDead?(non-fiction)\o"CaptainStormfield'sVisittoHeaven"CaptainStormfield'sVisittoHeaven(fiction)\o"LettersfromtheEarth"LettersfromtheEarth(fiction,publishedposthumously)\o"TheMysteriousStranger"TheMysteriousStranger(fiction,possiblynotbyTwain,publishedposthumously)\o"TheUnitedStatesofLyncherdom"TheUnitedStatesofLyncherdom(essay,publishedposthumously)\o"MarkTwain'sAutobiography"MarkTwain'sAutobiography(non-fiction,publishedposthumously)\o"LettersfromtheEarth"LettersfromtheEarth(posthumous,editedbyBernardDeVoto)\o"TheMysteriousStranger"No.44,TheMysteriousStranger(fiction,publishedposthumously)21、HenryJames：《\o"WatchandWard"WatchandWard》；《\o"RoderickHudson"RoderickHudson》；《\o"TheAmerican(novel)"TheAmerican》；《\o"TheEuropeans"TheEuropeans》；《\o"Confidence(novel)"Confidence》；《\o"WashingtonSquare(novel)"WashingtonSquare》；《\o"ThePortraitofaLady"ThePortraitofaLady》；《\o"TheBostonians"TheBostonians》；《\o"ThePrincessCasamassima"ThePrincessCasamassima》；《\o"TheReverberator"TheReverberator》；《\o"TheTragicMuse"TheTragicMuse》；《\o"TheOtherHouse"TheOtherHouse》；《\o"TheSpoilsofPoynton"TheSpoilsofPoynton》；《\o"WhatMaisieKnew"WhatMaisieKnew》；《\o"TheAwkwardAge"TheAwkwardAge》；《\o"TheSacredFount"TheSacredFount》；《\o"TheWingsoftheDove"TheWingsoftheDove》；《\o"TheAmbassadors"TheAmbassadors》；《\o"TheGoldenBowl"TheGoldenBowl》；《\o"TheWholeFamily"TheWholeFamily》；《\o"TheOutcry"TheOutcry》；《\o"TheIvoryTower"TheIvoryTower》；《\o"TheSenseofthePast"TheSenseofthePast》；《\o"TheOtherHouse"TheOtherHouse》；《\o"TheSpoilsofPoynton"TheSpoilsofPoynton》；《\o"TheIvoryTower"TheIvoryTower》；《\o"TheSenseofthePast"TheSenseofthePast》22、HarrietBeecherStowe：《\o"UncleTom'sCabin"UncleTom'sCabin》；《\o"AKeytoUncleTom'sCabin"AKeytoUncleTom'sCabin》；《\o"Dred,ATaleoftheGreatDismalSwamp"Dred,ATaleoftheGreatDismalSwamp》；《\o"TheMinister'sWooing"TheMinister'sWooing》；《\o"OldTownFolks"OldTownFolks》；23、EdithWharton：《TheHouseofMirth》；《TheAgeofInnocence》24、StephenCrane：《AGirloftheStreets街頭女郎麥琪》；《TheBlackRiders黑騎手》；《TheRedBadgeofCourage紅色英勇勛章》；《TheOpenBoat海上扁舟》；《TheBlueHotel藍(lán)色旅館》；《AnExperimentinMisery不幸試驗》；《AManSaidtotheUniverse一個人對上帝說》；《AManAdriftonaSlimSpar這個人漂泊在細(xì)細(xì)梁上》25、TheodoreDreiser：《\o"SisterCarrie"SisterCarrie嘉莉妹妹》1900；《\o"OldRogaumandHisTheresa"OldRogaumandHisTheresa》(1901)；《\o"JennieGerhardt"JennieGerhardt珍妮姑娘》1911；《\o"TheFinancier"TheFinancier金融家》1912；《\o"TheTitan"TheTitan巨頭》1914；《\o"The\"Genius\""The"Genius"天才》1915；《\o"AnAmericanTragedy"AnAmericanTragedy美國悲劇》1925；《\o"Chains:LesserNovelsandStories"Chains:LesserNovelsandStories》1927；《\o"TheBulwark"TheBulwark》1946；《\o"TheStoic"TheStoic》194726、FrankNorris：《McTeague麥克提格》；《TheOctopus章魚》；《ThePit深淵、糧食交易反》；《TheResponsibilitiesoftheNovelist小說家責(zé)任》；《TheWolf狼》1902.unfinished27、JackLondon：《\o"ADaughteroftheSnows"ADaughteroftheSnows》1902；《\o"TheCalloftheWild"TheCalloftheWild野性呼喚》1903；《\o"TheKempton-WaceLetters"TheKempton-WaceLetters》1903；《\o"TheSea-Wolf"TheSea-Wolf海狼》1904；《\o"TheGame(Londonnovel)"TheGame》1905；《\o"WhiteFang"WhiteFang白牙》1906；《\o"TheIronHeel"TheIronHeel》1908；《\o"MartinEden"MartinEden馬丁·伊登》1909；《\o"TheScarletPlague"TheScarletPlague》1912；《\o"TheValleyoftheMoon(novel)"TheValleyoftheMoon》1913；《\o"TheStarRover"TheStarRover》1915；《\o"TheLittleLadyoftheBigHouse"TheLittleLadyoftheBigHouse》1916；《\o"TheAssassinationBureau,Ltd"TheAssassinationBureau,Ltd》1963；《SonoftheWolf狼兒子》1900；28、T.S.Eliot：《TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock》1917；《TheWasteLand》1922；《TheHollowMen》1925；《AshWednesday》1930；《FourQuartets》1943；《MurderinTheCathedral》1935；《CocktailParty》1950；29、ErnestHemingway(LostGeneration)：《TheSunAlsoRises太陽依照升起》1926；《AFarewellToArms永別了，武器》1929；《DeathInTheAfternoon午后之死》1932；《TheGreenHillsOfAfrica非洲青山》1935；《TheSpanishWar西班牙戰(zhàn)爭》1938；《ForWhomTheBellTolls喪鐘為誰鳴》1940；《TheOldManAndTheSea老人與?！?95230、EzraPound：《Cathay華夏》1915；《HughSelwynMauberley休·塞爾溫·莫伯利》1920；《Cantos詩章》1915-1962；《ThePisanCantos比薩詩章》；《APact》；《InaStationattheMetro》31、SherwoodAnderson：《Winesburg,Ohio小城畸人》；《TheTriumphoftheEggs雞蛋勝利》；《PoorWhite窮白人》；《DeathintheWoods林中之死》；32、JohnDosPassos：《U.S.A,Trilogy美國三部曲》；《The42ndParallel北緯四十二度》；《1919一九一九》；《TheBigMoney賺大錢》33、RobertFrost：《NorthofBoston波士頓以北》；《StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening雪夜停在林邊》；《MendingWall修墻》；《Design意圖》；《TheRoadNotTaken未走過路》；《AfterApple-picking(lyric)摘蘋果之后》34、CarlSandburg:《Cornhuskers剝玉米機》；《SmokeandSteel煙與鋼》；《GoodMorning,America》；《ThePeople,yes人民，是》；《Fog霧》(aImagismpoem)；《Lost失落》；《Chicago芝加哥》；《TheHarbor港口》；35、LangstonHughes：《TheNegroSpeaksofRivers黑人談河》；《AsIGrowOlder我長大時候》二、Poetryanalysis：1、WaltWhitman：ABridgebetweenRomanticismAndRealism1819-1892 BornandraisedinNewYork(Manhattan)HispoetrybrokeeveryruleoftraditionalpoetryVolumeofpoetry:LeavesofGrass(1855)MixedreactiontohispoetryEmerson/LincolnloveditMedicduringtheCivilWarThemes:Nature,Democracy,CommonManIntroducedFreeVersetoAmerica2、EmilyDickinson：SheisoneofthegreatestAmericanfemalepoetsinthelate19thcenturyRegularmeter—hymnmeterandballadmeter,alsoknownasCommonmeterQuatrainsAlternatingtetrameterandtrimeterOften1stand3rdlinesrhyme,2ndand4thlinesrhymeiniambicpentameterTheuseofdashesInfluencedbynatureandspiritualthemes3、RobertFrost：4、EzraPound：三、NovelReview

:1、ErnestHemingway：《InAnotherCountry》2、NathanielHawthorne：《TheScarletLetter》ThemostimportantsymbolwhichiscarriedthroughoutthenovelisundoubtedlythescarletletterA.

The"A"appearsinmanyotherplacesthanonthechestofHesterPrynne.ItisseenonthearmorbreastplateatGovernorBellingham'smansion.AtnightwhileDimmesdaleisstandingonthescaffoldheseesabrightredletterAinthesky.

WhilePearlisplayingnearthebayshoreshearrangessomegrassintheformofanAonherownbreast.

ButoneofthemostimportantA'sisonethespectatorsseeburntonDimmesdale'schest.Inthenovel,thescarletletter"A"changesitsmeaningmanydifferenttimes.Thischangeissignificant.Itshowsgrowthinthecharacters,andthecommunityinwhichtheylive.Themeaningofthesymbol：Asymbolofsin;Asymbolofaloneandalienation;Asymbolofable,angelandadmirable.Adultery：Theletter"A",wornonHester'sbosom,isasymbolofheradulteryagainstRogerChillingworth.Thisisthepuritanwayoftreatingherasacriminal,forthecrimeofadultery.Thepuritantreatmentcontinues,becauseasHesterwalksthroughthestreets,shewillbelookeddownuponasifsheissomesortofdemonfromhellthatcommitsaterriblecrime.Thisletterismeanttobeworninshame,andtomakeHesterfeelunwanted.Hesterisashamedofhersin,butshechoosesnottoshowit.Shecommitsthissinintheheatofpassion,andfullyadmitsitbecause,thoughsheisashamed,shealsoreceiveshergreatesttreasure,Pearl,outofit.Sheisaverystrongwomantobeabletoholdupsowellagainstwhatshemustface.ManywillhavefledBoston,andseekaplacewherenooneknowsofhergreatsin.Hesterchoosestostaythough,whichshowsalotofstrengthandintegrity.Anywomanwithenoughnervetoholdupagainstatown,whichdespisesherveryexistence,andtostayinaplacewhereherdaughterisreferredtoasa"devilchild,"eitherhassomesortofpsychologicalproblem,orisaverytoughwoman.AloneandAlienation：Thescarletletter"A"alsostandsforHester'slonelylifeinNewEngland.Aftersheisreleased,Hesterlivesinacottageneartheoutskirtsofthecity.Ithadbeenbuiltbyanearliersettler,andabandoned,becausethesoilaboutitwastoosterileforcultivation,whileitscomparativeremotenessputitoutofthesphereofthatsocialactivitywhichalreadymarkedthehabitsoftheemigrants."Hester'ssociallifeisvirtuallyeliminatedasaresultofhershamefulhistory.Hestercomestohaveaparttoperformintheworldwithhernativeenergyofcharacterandrarecapacity."However,therewasnothingthatmadeherfeelasifshebelongedtoit.Everygesture,everyword,andeventhesilenceofthosewithwhomshecametocontact,implied,andoftenexpressed,thatshewasbanished,andasmuchaloneasifsheinhabitedanothersphere,orcommunicatedwiththecommonnaturebyotherorgansandsensesthantherestofhumankind.Shestoodapartfrommoralinterests…seemedtobethesoleportionthatsheretainedintheuniversalheart."Hesterhasnofriendsintheworld,andlittlePearlistheonlycompanionofherlonelylife,sothescarletletter"A"alsoisasymbolofthewords"alone"and"alienate".Able,AdmirableandAngel：Later,thescarletletter"A"changesitsmeaningintobeingable,angelandadmirable.Thetownspeoplewhocondemnedhernowbeliev