高中英語基礎知識大全

高中英語基礎知識大全高中英語基礎知識大全一系動詞用法和分類01【聯(lián)系動詞】連接主語和表語的動詞稱為聯(lián)系動詞。不能獨立存在，后面必須跟表語一起構成復合謂語，表示主語的身份、類別、特征、狀態(tài)等。【舉例】Hefeltillyesterday.他昨天病了。felt是系動詞，后跟表語，說明主語情況。02【感官動詞】常見：Feel,smell,sound,taste,touch【舉例】Thoseorangesonsaletastegood.賣的那些橘子嘗起來很好吃。03【狀態(tài)系動詞】表主語狀態(tài),只有be?！九e例】Heisdirectorofourdepartment.他是我們部門的主任。04【持續(xù)性動詞】Keep,rest,remain,stay,lie，表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度【舉例】Themeatwillkeep/stayfreshforseveraldays.肉會保鮮好幾天的。這類詞表示具有或保持某種特征或狀態(tài)。05【變化系動詞】【舉例】Hebecamefatinwinterholiday.他這個假期變胖了。很多系動詞可以當系動詞,也可以當實義動詞,但用法有所不同。06【雙謂語系動詞】此類系動詞既有系動詞的功能，后接表語，又保留原實義動詞本身的含義。【舉例】Thesnowlaythickontheground.雪厚厚地堆積在地上。Hemarriedyoung.他結婚很早高中英語基礎知識大全二定語從句語法專項練習習題精選用適當?shù)年P系詞填空：IstillrememberthenightIfirstcametothehouse.I'llneverforgetthedaywemeteachotherlastweek.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,isthebestseasonthere.IwillneverforgetthedaysIspentwithyourfamily.I'llneverforgetthelastdaywespenttogether.ThisistheschoolIusedtostudy.Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedlastweek?Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedthepaintingexhibition?HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,isfamousfortheWestLake?HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,liestheWestLake?TomwillgotoShanghai,livehistwobrothers.IliveinBeijing,isthecapitalofChina.TherewasatimetherewereslavesintheUSA.Itisthethirdtimeyouhavemadethesamemistake.ItwasinthestreetImetJohnyesterday.

Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.ThemomentIsawyou,Irecognized(認出)you.Thisistheverynovelaboutwe'vetalkedsomuch.Thisisthewayhedidit.Whoisthestudentwaslateforschooltoday?Whoknowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?Whatelsewasthereinmybrotheryoudidn'tlike?Helivesintheroomwindowfacestothesouth.Helivesintheroom,thewindowfacestothesouth.ThisisMr.JohnforsonIbroughtabookyesterday.ThisisMr.JohnforIboughtabookyesterday.Thisisthehourtheplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.AndthereisonepointI'dlikeyouradvice.Winteristhetimeofyearthedaysareshortandnightsarelong.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplaceyoumayspendyourweekend.KEYS:1.when2.when3.which4.that/which5.that6.where7.that/which8.where9.which10.where11.where12.which13.when14.that15.that16.that17.(that)18.which19.(that/inwhich)20.that21.that22that23.whose24.ofwhich25.whosewhom27.when28.that29.that30.where高中英語基礎知識大全三定語從句定語從句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，有時也可以修飾部分或整個被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關系詞(關系代詞或關系副詞)引出。關系代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as。關系副詞有：when,where,why,how。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時又可做定語從句的一個成分。當關系代詞做賓語時可以省略。定語從句中的謂語動詞必須在人稱上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。1、關系代詞引導的定語從句who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(who/that在從句中作主語)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.(whom/that在從句中作賓語)whose用來指人或物，(只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同ofwhich互換)，例如：Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.which,that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.(which/that在句中作賓語)關系代詞that和which都可以指物，that和Who都可以指人，其用法區(qū)別：不用that的情況：在引導非限定性定語從句時(錯)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.介詞后不能用Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.多用who的情況①關系代詞在從句中做主語Afriendwhohelpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.②先行詞為those,people時Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.③先行詞為all,anyone,ones,one指人時Onewhodoesn'tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.④在Therebe句型中Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.⑤在被分隔的定語從句中⑥在有兩個定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個以上的并列定語從句時，后一個必須重復前一個關系代詞。Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.Thereisateacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.2)只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況a)在不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.b)先行詞有theonly,thevery,thejust修飾時，只用that。Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(thelast)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas"ThePrinceandthePauper"byMarkTwin.d)先行詞既有人，又有物時。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.e)當主句是以who或which開始的特殊疑問句時，用that以避免重復。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.f)關系代詞在從句中做表語Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.2、關系副詞引導的定語從句關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關系副詞when,where,why,how的含義相當于"介詞+which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+which"結構交替使用，例如：Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?I'msurprisedthewayhow(bywhich)heworksouttheproblem.注意：①在非限制性定語從句中，"介詞+which"結構不能代替關系副詞。如：Theysetupastatefortheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.②含有介詞的動詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動詞后面。Isthisthebookwhich(that)shewaslookingfor?3、名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞/形容詞最高級+介詞+關系代詞引導定語從句Shehaswrittenabook,thenameofwhichIhaveforgotten.Therearefifty-fivestudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.Therearefivecontinentsintheworld,thelargestofwhichisAsia.4、as,which引導非限定性定語從句的差別由as,which引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。Asisknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.用法區(qū)別：as引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。Asweallknow,heneversmokes.as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which。非限定性定語從句中出現(xiàn)expect,think,suppose等表示猜測、想象、預料等時。Shesucceededinherdoingtheresearchwork,asweexpected.As的用法thesame?as;such?as中的as是一種固定結構,和??一樣??。Ishouldliketousethesametoolasisusedhere.Weshouldhavesuchadictionaryasheisusing.高中英語基礎知識大全四1、becertain/besurebecertain(sure)of/aboutsth.“確信、有把握”(表示某個人的思想狀態(tài))。如：Wearecertain/sureofvictory.2、bedifferentfrom與……不同Yourideaisdifferentfrommi