初中英語閱讀理解之推理判斷題

2021/5/91在冬天的夜晚，天氣冷得讓人不想出門。見習(xí)警員走在大街上，突然聽到遠處一女子大叫：“有人打劫??！”。見習(xí)警員剛一回身，就見一個黑影朝著遠處逃離，他立刻追了上去。但是這賊跑得飛快，追了八條街之后沒影了。最后，見習(xí)警員在附近的一個商店店鋪前看到有四個人：A：正在閑暇百無聊賴地抽煙B：正在聚精會神地看報紙C：正在手機通話中D：正在狼吞虎咽的吃拉面根據(jù)調(diào)查，犯人就在這四人當(dāng)中。2021/5/92初中閱讀理解推理判斷題解題技巧授課老師：黃文婷2021/5/93什么是推理判斷題？1推理判斷題的分類？2推理判斷題解題技巧3內(nèi)容大綱2021/5/94推理判斷題的定義透過文章表面信息推測文章隱含意思；對作者的態(tài)度意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展做出正確的推理判斷；從作者的角度去考慮，不可脫離原文僅憑個人的主觀看法而主觀臆斷。2021/5/95推理判斷題分類推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度推斷文章出處推斷隱含意義2021/5/96推斷隱含意義Part12021/5/97什么是隱含意義T:Doyouthinkthisclassisinteresting?S:Iwanttogohome.Q:Whatdoesthestudentreallymean?**根據(jù)文章事實進行邏輯推理，透過字面意義理解作者的言外之意。2021/5/98設(shè)問方式：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat____.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whatthewriterreallymeansis____.Thewritersuggeststhat____.Thestoryimpliesthat____.Wecaninfer/concludefromthepassagethat____.2021/5/99如何推斷隱含意義？尋找相關(guān)信息點研讀其字面意義結(jié)合語境進行推斷理解作者的言外之意2021/5/910技巧點撥1.判斷有據(jù)，推斷有理，忠于原文2.全面分析：不可斷章取義3.善于揣摩作者思路2021/5/911排除干擾項1.原文信息的簡單重復(fù)4.符合常識，但文章中沒有信息支持3.與文中內(nèi)容不符或完全相反的結(jié)論2.推理過度的片面結(jié)論2021/5/912"Whohasmorequestions,ateacherorastudent?"Aboutthisquestionagreatlearnedmantoldhisstudentthatnobodydoesbutateacher.Thestudentgotpuzzled.Withasmile,theteacherdrewtwocircles（圓）.Within（在……里面）thelargeroneismyknowledgeofthings,andwithinthesmalleroneisyours.Outofthecirclesisstillunknowntobothofus.Sincemineislarger,asyoucansee,thelinethatmarksoutthecircleislonger.Thatmakesitclearthatwhohasmorechances（機會）tofacesomethingstillunknown.Attheendofthestory,thegreatlearnedmanconcluded（推斷）that________.A.astudentshouldlearnfromhisteacherB.ateacherdoesnothavesomanyquestionsashisstudentC.astudentknowsmorethanhisteacherD.ateacherhasmorechancestofacewhathedoesn'tknow2021/5/913Therehaveneverbeenmanyadventurers.Youcanreadstoriesaboutmencalledadventurers.Buttheywerereallybusinessmen.Therewassomethingtheywanted-----alady,ormoney,oracountry,orhonor.Andsotheygotit.Butatrueadventurerisdifferent.Hestartswithoutanyspecialpurpose.Heisreadyforanythinghemaymeet.Therehavebeenmanyhalf-adventurers.Andtheyweregreatmen.Historyisrichwiththeirstories.Buteachofthemhadaspecialpurpose.Theywerenotfollowersoftrueadventurers.InthebigcityofNewYork,RomanceandAdventurearealwayswaiting.Aswewalkalongthestreet,theyarewatchingus.Welookupsuddenlyandseeafaceinawindow.Thefaceseemstointerestusstrangely.Orinaquietstreet,wehearacryoffearandpaincomingfromahousewherenoonelives.Acartakesustoastrangedoor,insteadoftoourown.Thedoor2021/5/914opensandweareaskedtoenter.Ateverycorner,eyeslooktowardus,orhandsareraised,orfingerspoint.Adventureisoffered.Butfewofusarereadytoaccept.Wearereadytodoonlythethingswedoeveryday.Wewishtodoonlythethingsthateveryoneelsedoes.Wemoveon;andsomedaywecometotheendofalongquietlife.Thenwebegintothink.Then,whenitistoolate,wearesorrythatwehaveneverknowntrueRomanceandAdventure.Inwhatwaydoestheauthorsayatrueadventureisdifferentfromabusinessman?A.Heisreadyforanythinghemaymeet.B.Heisnotinterestedinmoney.C.Heenjoysexcitementwhileabusinessmandoesnot.D.Atrueadventureisromantic,whileabusinessmanisdull.2021/5/915推斷人物性格觀點或態(tài)度Part22021/5/916人物的觀點和態(tài)度objective

客觀的neutral中立的subjective主觀的positive積極的negative消極的approval

贊成的disapproval不贊成的critical批評的.......2021/5/917設(shè)問方式：Thewriter'sattitudetowards...is____.Thewriterthoughtthat____.Accordingtotheauthor,____.......2021/5/918技巧點撥注意作者表達感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞及所舉的例子2021/5/919MrsSmithtreatedherlittledogquite____.A.cruellyB.fairlyC.kindlyD.unfriendly ItwasMondy.MrsSmith’sdogwashungry,buttherewasnotanymeatinthehouse.Consideringthattherewasnobetterway.MrsSmithtookapieceofpaper,andwrotethefollowingwordsonit:“Givemydoghalfapoundofmeat.”Thenshegavethepapertoherdogandsaidgently:“Takethistothebutcher(personwhosejobissellingmeat),andhe’sgoingtogiveyouyourlunchtoday.”……2021/5/920Ifsomeoneasksme:“Doyoulikemusic?”I'msureIwillanswerhimorher:“Ofcourse,Ido.”becauseIthinkmusicisanimportantpartofourlives.Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutmusic.Forme,Ilikerockmusicbecauseit'ssoexciting.Andmyfavoriterockband,the“FoxyLadies”（酷妹）isoneofthemostfamousrockbandsintheworld.Ialsolikepopmusic.MyclassmateLiLanlovesdancemusic,becausesheenjoysdancing.Mybestfriend,Jane,likesjazzmusic（爵士樂）.Shethinksjazzisreallycool.“Ilikedancemusicandrockverymuch.”saysmybrother,“becausetheyareamazing.”Butmymotherthinksrockisboring.“Ilikesomerelaxing（輕松的）music,”shesays.That'swhyshelikescountrymusic,Ithink.Thewriter"smotherthinksthatcountrymusicis_______.A.amazingB.boringC.relaxingD.disappointing2021/5/921“Iwouldalmostratherseeyoudead.”BobertS.Cassatt,aleadingbankerofPhiladelphia,shoutedwhenhistwenty-year-oldeldestdaughterannouncedthatshewantedtobecomeanartist.Inthe19thcentury,playingatdrawingorpaintingondisheswasallrightforayounglady,butseriousworkinartwasnot.Andwhentheyounglady’sfamilyrackedamong(擠身于)thebestofPhiladelphia’ssocial(社會各界的)families,suchanideacouldnotevenbeconsidered.ThatwashowMaryCassatt,born1844,beganherstruggleasanartist.Shedidnottremble(顫抖)beforeherfather’sanger,sheopposed(反對)himwithcourageandatlastmadehimchangehismind.MaryCassattgaveuphersocialpositionandallthoughtsofathousandandafamily,whichinthosetimeswasunthinkableforayounglady.Intheend,afterlongyearsofhardworkandperseverance(堅持),shebecameAmerica’smostimportantwomanartistandtheinternationally(國際上的)recognizedleadingwomanpainterofthetime.WhatdoweknowaboutRobertCassatt’scharacterfromthetext?A.Hewasacruelman.B.Hewasastubborn(固執(zhí)的)man.B.Heknewnothingaboutart.D.Heknewlittleabouthisdaughter.2021/5/922Wearealreadyfamiliarwithcomputers—computersworkforusathome,inofficesandinfactories.Butitisalsotruethatmanychildrentodayareusingcomputersatschoolsbeforetheycanwrite.Whatdoesthismeanforthefuture?Arethesechildrenluckyornot?Manypeoplewhodonotknowaboutcomputersthinkofthemasmachinesthatchildrenplaywith.Theyworrythatchildrendonotlearnfromexperiencebutjustfrompressingabuttonandthatthisisnotgoodforthem.Theythinkthatchildrenaregrowingnotknowingabouttherealworld.Butpeoplewhounderstandmoreaboutcomputerssaythatcomputerscanbeverygoodforchildren.Acomputercanhelpthemtolearnabouttherealworldmorequickly,tolearnwhattheywanttolearnandthinkforthemselves.Andforthefuture,don’tweneedpeoplewhocanthinkclearly,whoknowhowtogetinformationquicklyanduseitwell?Whatdoyouthink?Doesthewriterthinkcomputerisagoodthing?A.Itisn’tmentioned.B.No,hedoesn’tthinkso.C.Hedoesn’tknow.D.Yes,hedoes.2021/5/923Onedayamansawanoldladystandingbyherexpensivecar,clearlyinneedofhelp.Sohestoppedhisoldtruckandgotout.Althoughhewassmiling,theoldladywasworried.Washegoingtohurther?Hedidn’tlooksafe.Themancouldseethatshewasfrightened,soinhisfriendliestvoicehesaid,“I’mheretohelpyou,madam.Whydon’tyouwaitinthecarwhereit’swarm?Bytheway,mynameisBryanAnderson.”Bryanquicklyfixedthecarandtheladythankedhim.Thensheaskedhowmuchsheshouldpayhim.ButBryanwantednomoney.Hewasjustgivingahandtosomeoneintrouble.Thiswasnormalforhim.Hesaid,“Ifyoureallywanttorepayme,nexttimeyouseesomeoneinneed,helpthemandthinkofme.”Aftersayinggoodbye,theladycontinueddowntheroaduntilshereachedasmallcaféwhereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat.Astheprettywaitresstookherorder,

2021/5/924theladynoticedshewasnearlyeightmonthspregnant(懷孕).Althoughthewaitresslookedtiredshewasverykind.Astheladywasgoingtopaythe$10bill,sherememberedBryan’swords.Shepaidwithahundred-dollarbill.Butwhenthewaitressreturnedwiththechangetheladywasgone.Onthetableshesawasmallnote.Thereweretearsinhereyeswhenshereadit:“SomebodyoncehelpedmethewayI’mhelpingyou.Ifyouwanttopaymeback,continuebeingkindtoothers.”Underthenotewereninemore$100bills.Wastheoldladyanangel?Thewaitresswassoexcitedthatshecalledherhusbandtotellhimthenews.“Bryan…BryanAndersonmydear…you’renotgoingtobelievewhatjusthappened…”Whatcanwelearnabouttheoldladyfromthestory?A.Shewasneverkindtoothers.B.Shewasusuallyquitecareless.C.Shewasprobablyveryrich.D.Shewasnotaverygooddriver.2021/5/925Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventures----thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivitywhichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.Iwouldconsiderbungeejumpingtobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace(perhapsabridgeorahot-airballoon)200metresabovethegroundwithanelastic(有彈性的)ropetiedtoyourankles.Youfallatupto150kilometresanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground.Itissaidthatabout2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayareasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildinganddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliff(懸崖).2021/5/926Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,diseasescouldnoteasilybecured,andlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival.(生存).Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.Thewriterofthetexthasa____attitudetowardsdangeroussports.A.Positive(肯定的)B.negative(否定的)C.neutral(中立的)D.nervous(緊張的)2021/5/927推斷文章出處Part32021/5/928設(shè)問方式：Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom____.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear____?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof,____.2021/5/929技巧點撥a.報紙：日期、地點或通訊社名稱從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：a.報紙

b.廣告

c.產(chǎn)品說明……b.廣告：物品價格，廣告詞等c.產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的使用說明會告知服用的時間、次數(shù)、藥量2021/5/930Asubwayisnotjustanimportantformoftransport.Itisalsoawindowforotherpeopletolearnaboutlocalculture.Beijing,ChinaTheBeijingSubwaywasopenedin1969andistheoldestsubwaysysteminChina.Ithasaddedsomemodernt