高二英語人教版必修五講義UNIT1SECTIONⅠREADING（WARMINGUPREADING）

JohnSnow[閱讀障礙詞]①originallyadv.原本；起初②anaesthetistn[閱讀障礙詞]①originallyadv.原本；起初②anaesthetistn．麻醉師③fulfillvt.完成；履行

Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．conclude A．n.受害者2．defeat B．vt.&vi.結束；推斷出3．attend C．vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光4．expose D．vt.戰(zhàn)勝；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗5．cure E．vt.照看；護理；出席；參與6．challenge F．vt.汲??；吸引；使用心7．victim G．n.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治療8．absorb H．vt.責怪；責怪n.過失；責怪9．suspect I．n.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)10．blame J．vt.認為；疑心n.被疑心者；嫌疑犯11．pollute K．vt.命令；指示；教育12．handle L．vt.&n．連接；聯(lián)系13．link M．vt.宣布；通知14．announce N．vt.污染；弄臟15．instruct O．n.柄；把手vt.處理；操縱答案：1～5BDECG6～10IAFJH11～15NOLMKⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Atthemeetingheldyesterday,heputforwardapracticalplantoimprovepeople’slivingconditions.提出2．Withcarefulstudy,thescientistdrewaconclusionfinallyfromwhathehadsurveyed.得出結論3．Todrythewetclothesquickly,sheexposedthemtothesunshineonpurpose.使……暴露于4．Theycanneitherreadnorwrite,norcantheyprehendsuchconcepts.既不……也不……5．IamreadytodoanythingthatIcanforyou,becauseIoweyouagreatdeal.愿意做6．Therearesomanycarsinthestreetthatyou’dbetterslowdownyourcar.減速7．Thebridgelinksthebankoftherivertotheotherbankofit.將……和……連接起來8．Thedrunkendriver,ratherthanthepassers-byshouldbetoblameforthetrafficaccident.應受責怪Matchthepictureswiththeintroductions.1．Einventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybody.2．Cwroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdeveloped.3．Fputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes.4．Bdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforce.5．DdiscoveredradiumandwontheNobelPrizetwice.6．AwonaNobelPrizeinMedicinein2015.Ⅰ.FastreadingReadthetextquicklyanddothefollowingexercises.Matchthefollowingparagraphswiththeirmainideas.Para.1A．Pollutedwatercarriedthedisease.Para.2B．Finally“KingCholera〞wasdefeated.Para.3C．JohnSnowwantedtousehisknowledgetosolvecholera.Para.4D．Hegotinterestedintwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.Para.5E．Heneededtoprovethesecondtheorywascorrect.Para.6F．Hefoundoutthatdirtywaterwasthecauseofcholera.答案：Para.1～6CDEFABⅡ.CarefulreadingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhydidJohnSnowattendQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician?A．Becausehewaswell-knownallovertheworld.B．Becausehewasexpertatmedicalscience.C．Becausehewasanolddoctor.D．BecauseQueenVictorialikedhimverymuch.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A．JohnSnowwasafamousdoctor.B．JohnSnowfinallydefeated“KingCholera〞．C．Cholerawasadeadlydiseaseofitsday.D．Fewpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreakofcholera.3．Afterhemadefurtherinvestigations,JohnSnowfound________.A．choleramultipliedintheairB．peopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmealsC．thewaterfromthepollutedriverwastoblameD．fliesspreadthedisease4．Howwas“KingCholera〞defeated?A．Bypeople’snotpollutingtheriveragain.B．Bypeople’shealthydiets.C．Bypeople’sdeliveringthewaterfromotherplaces.D．Bypeople’sstoppingdrinkingthepollutedwater.5．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.B．Thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater.C．Thesourceofallthedrinkingwatersuppliesshouldbeexamined.D．HowJohnSnowfoundthecauseofcholeraanddefeated“KingCholera〞．答案：1～5BDCDDⅢ.StudyreadingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]但當他一想到要關心(那些)受霍亂威逼的一般百姓時，他就感到很興奮。2．Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特殊喜愛從那個水泵里抽上來的水，每天都要讓人把水運到她家來。3．Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.[句式分析]逗號前面的不定式短語作目的狀語，JohnSnow為主語，suggested為謂語，后接賓語從句thesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined。[嘗試翻譯]為了防止這種狀況再度發(fā)生，約翰·斯諾建議全部的水源都要經過檢測。閱讀理解AAlbertEinsteinwasborninGermanyin1879.Hewasaquietchildwhospentmuchofhistimealone.Hewasslowtotalkandhaddifficultylearningtoread.WhenAlbertwasfiveyearsold,hisfathergavehimapass.Thechildwasfilledwithwonderwhenhediscoveredthatthepassneedlealwayspointedinthesamedirection—tothenorth.Heaskedhisfatherandhisunclewhatcausedtheneedletomove.Albertdidnotlikeschool.TheGermanschoolsofthattimewerenotpleasant.Studentscouldnotaskquestions.Albertsaidhefeltasifhewereinprison.In1905,AlbertEinsteinpublishedsomeimportantpapersinaGermanscientificmagazine.Theyincludedoneofthemostimportantscientificdocumentsinhistory.Itexplainedwhatcametobecalledhis“SpecialTheoryofRelativity(相對論)〞.Tenyearslaterheexpandedittoa“GeneralTheoryofRelativity〞．In1921,hewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.Itwasgiventohimnotforhistheoriesofrelativity,butforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect(光電效應)．AlbertEinsteinleftGermanyin1933.HemovedtotheUnitedStatestocontinuehisresearch.EinsteinbecameacitizenoftheUnitedStatesin1940.Einsteinwasafamousman,butyouwouldnothaveknownthatbylookingathim.Hiswhitehairwaslongandwild.Heworeoldclothes.Heshowedaninnerjoywhenhewasplayinghisviolinortalkingabouthiswork.Studentsandfriendssaidhehadawayofexplainingdifficultideasusingimagesthatwereeasytounderstand.Einsteinspentthelasttwenty-fiveyearsofhislifeworkingonwhathecalleda“unifiedfieldtheory〞.Hehopedtofindamonmathematicalstatementthatcouldtietogetherallthedifferentpartsofphysics.Hedidnotsucceed.AlbertEinsteindiedin1955attheageofseventy-six.語篇解讀：愛因斯坦是一位宏大的物理學家，他創(chuàng)立了“相對論〞，為現(xiàn)代物理學作出了突出奉獻。本文簡要介紹了他傳奇的一生。1.WhatdoweknowaboutAlbertEinsteininhischildhood?A．Hewasveryclever.B．Helikedtalkingwithpeople.C．Hewascuriousaboutnewthings.D．Hewasgoodatinventingnewthings.解析：選C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段關于愛因斯坦對羅盤產生奇怪???的故事可以推斷出，他對新事物布滿奇怪???心，因此C項正確。2．What’stherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutAlbertEinstein?a．HebecameacitizenoftheUnitedStates.b．HewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.c．Heputforwardhis“GeneralTheoryofRelativity〞．d．HeleftGermanyfortheUnitedStates.A．d，b，c，a B．d，a，c，bC．b，c，d，a D．c，b，d，a解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三、四、五段可以得知，a、b、c、d四項發(fā)生的時間分別為1940年、1921年、1915年及1933年，因此D項正確。3．WhydidAlbertEinsteinwintheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921?A．Becauseheputforwardhistheoryofrelativity.B．Becausehediscoveredthelawofthephotoelectriceffect.C．BecausehepublishedsomeimportantfindingsinaGermanmagazine.D．Becauseheworkedon“unifiedfieldtheory〞andwassuccessful.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段可知，愛因斯坦獲得諾貝爾獎是由于發(fā)覺了“光電效應〞，而不是由于創(chuàng)立了“相對論〞，因此B項正確。4．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．ThelifestoryofAlbertEinstein.B．ThescientificdiscoveriesofAlbertEinstein.C．AlbertEinsteinandhistheoriesofrelativity.D．HowAlbertEinsteinwongreatsuccessinhislife.解析：選A主旨大意題。本文簡要介紹了愛因斯坦的生平，因此A項最為恰當。BBerthavonSuttnerreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizein1905—shewasthefirstwomantoreceiveit,andalsotheinspirationforthecreationoftheNobelPrize.ShemetAlfredNobel,arichmillionaire,byansweringhisnewspaperadforasecretary.Althoughsheonlyworkedforhimforafewweeks,sheremainedgoodfriendswithAlfredNobelforthenext20years.WhenshebecameinvolvedinthepeacemovementinEurope,shepromisedtokeepNobelinformedofitsprogress.WhenAlfredNobeldiedin1896,hiswillincludedtheestablishmentofapeaceprize,thankstoBerthavonSuttner’sinfluence.BerthavonSuttnerwasborninanaristocratic(貴族的)militaryfamily,butshespentthesecondhalfofherlifeworkingforpeace.Shewrotebooks,attendedpeaceconferences,gavelecturesandhelpedorganizepeacesocietiesinAustria,GermanyandHungary,aswellastheInternationalPeaceBureauinSwitzerland.Hernovel,LayDownYourArms,wasoneofthemostinfluentialantiwarbooksofalltime,andhelpedtomakeheraleaderofthepeacemovementinEurope.Itsendtowarthemewasboththeambition(理想)andthemostimportantgoalinthelifeofthisgreatwoman.BerthavonSuttnerworkedsohardforpeacebecauseshebelievedthataterriblewarwouldbreakoutinEuropeifnationsdidn’tworkhardtoestablishlastingpeaceinstitutions.Shemademanymajorachievementsforamorepeacefulworld,buttwomonthsaftershedied,WorldWarⅠbrokeout.AhundredyearsaftershewontheNobelPeacePrize,nationsstillseemtoviewwarasachoicetoworkouttheirproblems.ButlikeBerthavonSuttnerdid,manytodayareworkinghardaroundtheworldtohelpstrengthenpeaceinstitutionsandspreadtheideathatit’stimetoputanendtowar.語篇解讀：本文是記敘文。文章介紹了第一位女性獲得者BerthavonSuttner。5．BerthavonSuttner________.A．workedforAlfredNobelfor20yearsB．helpedAlfredNobeldrawuphiswillC．persuadedAlfredNobeltojointhepeacemovementD．inspiredAlfredNobeltoestablishtheNobelPeacePrize解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“alsotheinspirationforthecreationoftheNobelPrize〞和其次段中的“hiswillincludedtheestablishmentofapeaceprize,thankstoBerthavonSuttner’sinfluence〞可知，諾貝爾在他的遺囑中指明設立主要是受到BerthavonSuttner的影響。6．Paragraph3ismainlyaboutBerthavonSuttner’s________.A．effortsandcontributionstothepeacemovementB．familybackgroundandworkexperiencesC．writingcareerandlifeexperiencesD．ambitionandgoalsinlife解析：選A段落大意題。由第三段中的“wrotebooks,attendedpeaceconferences,gavelecturesandhelpedorganizepeacesocieties〞和“themostinfluentialantiwarbooks〞以及“aleaderofthepeacemovementinEurope〞可知，本段主要敘述了BerthavonSuttner為和平運動所做出的努力和奉獻。7．WhatdoweknowaboutLayDownYourArms?A．Itwasbasedonatruestory.B．ItrecordedBerthavonSuttner’sdailylife.C．Itwasaboutanaristocraticmilitaryfamily.D．ItshowedBerthavonSuttner’swishforpeace.解析：選D推理推斷題。由第三段中的“antiwarbooks〞和“Itsendtowarthemewasboththeambition(理想)andthemostimportantgoalinthelifeofthisgreatwoman.〞可知，?放下武器?這部小說反映了BerthavonSuttner對世界和平的渴望。8．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．BerthavonSuttner’sfightforpeaceisstillsharedbymany.B．BerthavonSuttnerfailedtofoundpeaceinstitutions.C．BerthavonSuttnersuccessfullypredictedawar.D．BerthavonSuttnerlostherlifeinWorldWarⅠ.解析：選A推理推斷題。由最終一段的最終一句可知，今日很多人依舊在努力關心實現(xiàn)世界和平、傳播結束戰(zhàn)斗的思想。CAseven-year-oldwrotetoGoogleforajobanditsCEOreplied.Afterdiscussingherfather’swork,ChloeBridgewaterdecidedshewouldliketoworkforGoogleandpennedaletterbeginning“DearGoogleboss〞.Itwasonlytheschoolgirl’ssecondletter,afterherfirstlettertoFatherChristmas,butthesearchengine’sCEOSundarPichaiwroteback.“Wecouldn’tbelieveoureyeswhenwereceivedtheletter.Andwereadtheletterwithapleasedheart.Idon’tthinkChloecouldunderstandtheimportanceofthereactionshe’dgotafterwards，〞saidfatherAndy,asalesmanagerfromHereford.“She’sgotagreatentrepreneurial(企業(yè)家的)spirit.Eversinceheryoungage,she’salwaysbeentoldinschoolreportsshe’sbright,hard-workingandpolite—we’reveryproudofher，〞hesaid.MrPichai’sfullreply：“Thankyousomuchforyourletter.I’mgladthatyoulikeputersandrobots,andhopethatyouwillcontinuetolearnabouttechnology.Ithinkifyoukeepworkinghardandfollowingyourdreams,youcanacplisheverythingyousetyourmindto—fromworkingatGoogletoswimmingattheOlympics.Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourjobapplicationwhenyouarefinishedwithschool!Allthebesttoyouandyourfamily.〞MrPichaiwasnamedGoogle’sCEOin2015.TheinspirationforChloe’sletterhadbeenInternetresearchshowingGoogle’sofficesincludingbeanbags,gokarts(卡丁車)andslides.ChloealsoadmittedtoaninterestinajobinachocolatefactoryorasaswimmerattheOlympicsintheletter.MrBridgewatersaidheandhiswifeJulie,anHRadvisor,hadseenChloe’sbusinessgiftinactionalready.Besidesherloveofswimming—20lengthsonTuesdayswithhermum—Chloehasalsovolunteeredtocleanthekitchenfor20pence(便士),hesaid.“Sheisonlyyoungsosheneedstoplaywithherfriends,jumponatrampoline(蹦床)butwheneversheshowsaninterestinsomethingelse—likethisletter—wewanttoencourageher，〞Andysaid.語篇解讀：7歲女孩ChloeBridgewater幻想進入谷歌公司工作，她寫信求職，沒想到真的收到來自谷歌CEO的回復。信中稱：有志者，事竟成。9.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．A7-year-oldgirlwantstosetupherbusiness.B．A7-year-oldgirlwritestoFatherChristmas.C．Google’sCEOwritesbacktoa7-year-oldgirl.D．Google’sCEOistoobusytowritebacktothegirl.解析：選C主旨大意題。文章開篇點題，第一段首句談到：一個七歲女孩向谷歌遞交求職信，并收到了其首席執(zhí)行官的回復。10．Itcanbeknownfromthepassagethat________.A．ChloeunderstoodtheimportanceofthelettertoherB．Chloe’sfamilywassurprisedbytheletterandfullofexcitementC．Chloe’sfatherrequestedGoogle’sCEOtowritebacktohisdaughterD．ChloegotfamousaroundtheworldbecauseofthereplyfromGoogle’sCEO解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一、二句可知，Chloe的家人簡直不信任會收到谷歌CEO的回信，讀信的時候特別快樂。故Chloe的家人收到回信既驚異又布滿興奮。11．WhatcanbeinferredfromMrPichai’sreply?A．HeencouragedChloetoholdontoherdreams.B．HeonlyexpectsChloetoworkforhispany.C．HedoubtswhetherChloecanswimattheOlympics.D．HewishesChloetogiveuptechnologytobusiness.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“I’mgladthatyoulikeputersandrobots...Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourjobapplicationwhenyouarefinishedwithschool！〞可知，谷歌CEOMrPichai鼓舞Chloe追趕自己的幻想。12．WhichjobisChloelesslikelygoingtogoinfor?A．Apostinachocolatefactory.B．AswimmerattheOlympics.C．ApostworkinginGoogle.D．Apostofmakingbeanbags.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Aseven-year-oldwrotetoGoogleforajob...〞及第四段“ChloealsoadmittedtoaninterestinajobinachocolatefactoryorasaswimmerattheOlympicsintheletter.〞可知，Chloe向谷歌遞交求職信。她在信里表示她也想在巧克力工廠工作，或者成為一名奧運會的游泳健將。eq\a\vs4\al([課文對譯])JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA〞JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods,hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallynumbers16,37,38and40)．Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnotforeseenthis,sohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremove