中考英語-閱讀理解-任務(wù)型閱讀（閱讀短文回答問題）

閱讀短文回答問題題型解題策略

閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。

It'sbeenalongjourney.FromDJtoproducertosinger,MarkRonsonisnowapopstarinhis

ownright.

OnFeb15,hishitsongUptownFunkwonRecordoftheYear,oneofthemostimportant

prizes,atthe2016GrammyAwards.

Whiletheworldhasgonecrazyforthesong,Ronson,40,wentthroughsixdifficultmonthsto

produceit.Infact,theUKmusicianmade17versions（版本）ofUptownFunk.

InaninterviewwiththeDailyMail,RonsontoldtheUKnewspaperthatheworkedsohard

thathishairstartedtofallout.Atonepoint,thestressoftryingtocomeupwithasuitableguitar

partevencausedhimtofaint（暈倒）inarestaurant.

Thedifficultiesdidn'tstopthere.Ronsonalsodidn'thaveenoughconfidenceinhissinging,as

hehadbeenaproducerforalongtime.workwithgreatsingers,"hetoldtheNewYorkPost,“so

Fvealwaysheardwhatreallygoodvoicessoundlike.^^

Still,thingsworkedoutgreatintheend.

Hisfamilyplaysanimportantpartinhissuccess.HisstepfatherguitaristMickJoneswasone

ofthefirstmembersoftherockbandForeignerandsometimesJoneswouldshareideaswith

Ronson.

“Afterschool,Joneswouldplaymethemostrecentmixofsongsinthestudioandaskwhat

Ithought,andIwouldtellhiminmylittleEnglishschoolboyvoice,‘Irememberthebass（貝司）

wasturnedupalittlemoreonthemixfromlastweek'"，RonsontoldTheGuardian,“Iwaskindof

meanttoliveinthestudio.^^

Alltheseinfluencesledtohissuccess.RonsontaughthimselfhowtoDJwhenhewas16.“I

practicedbycopyingmyfavoriteDJsontheradio/9hetoldUSradiostationNPR."Iwouldlisten

tothemandtryandcopyinmybestwaywhattheyweredoing.”

WiththegoalofbeingacoolDJ,RonsondroppedoutofNewYorkUniversityandplayedin

clubsindowntownNewYork,wherepopularartistsoftenvisited.

“Ifyoudoagoodjob,there9sthechancetheymightrememberwhoyouare,“hetoldNPR.

AnddoingagoodjobishowRonsongotintoshowbusiness.

"Neverunderestimate（低估）Ronson,MUKDJZaneLowetoldEsquiremagazine,uheisfully

preparedforopportunities.^^

61.IsMarkRonsonapopstarnow?

62.WhatdidhewinonFeb15,2016?

63.HowdidheteachhimselftobeaDJ?

64.Wheredidheplayafterdroppingoutofuniversity?

65.Whatmadehimsuccessful?

【知識點(diǎn)精講】

一、閱讀技巧

1.略讀?？焖贋g覽全文，掌握語篇主旨大意。略讀文章時(shí)著重閱讀理解文章的首段、每段的

首句和末句。通過對這幾個(gè)部分的著重閱讀通常能夠找到文章的主旨大意；并能夠掌握文章

的行文脈絡(luò)，迅速把握短文的主要信息的分布

2掃讀。認(rèn)真閱讀五個(gè)題目，準(zhǔn)確理解題意及其涉及的范圍，帶著問題到短文中尋找相關(guān)答

案。一般的事實(shí)題可直接從文中找到答案，較為深層次的邏輯推理判斷題，則需要在對全文

理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行作答。答題一定要立場客觀，勿摻雜主觀因素。

3.復(fù)查。答題后對照短文內(nèi)容對所寫出的答案進(jìn)行審核，做出必要的修正。

二、常見問句類型與答題技巧

常見問句類型

1一般疑問句

2選擇疑問句

3特殊疑問句

答題時(shí)，要了解不同問題的回答方式。

1.答題總的原則是簡略表達(dá)。

2.一般疑問句用Yes/No回答，相對簡單些，只要理解文章含義，能判斷出是或不是就可以

了。

3.選擇疑問句（AorB）提問文章細(xì)節(jié)，回答時(shí)不用Yes/No,需選擇其中正確的一部分（A

2

或者B）來作答。

e.gWasthearearichorpoorinthe1950s?

——Itwaspoor

4.由特殊疑問詞who,where,when,what,why,how等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句提問文章細(xì)節(jié)，回

答時(shí)較為復(fù)雜，要注意問題與回答在形式上的對應(yīng)。

1）問時(shí)間地點(diǎn)數(shù)量等，答語中不要忘記介詞

2）what提問，答語應(yīng)是名詞，名詞性短語或完整句子

3）問方式（how提問），多用by+doing回答

4）why提問原因，becauseofsth./doing或because從句回答

why提問目的，可用todo回答

5在回答最后一個(gè)總結(jié)題時(shí)，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)（總-分，分-總，總-分-總）,通過語篇結(jié)構(gòu)分

析文章主旨大意，要注意答出關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，用正確的語法將要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納整合，避免使用不熟

悉的句型，詞匯或短語，盡可能使用原文中的關(guān)鍵詞，切忌照抄多個(gè)原文句子。

6.在回答時(shí)，應(yīng)該對照題目，根據(jù)需要對回答的句子的人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性等

做出適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整

【典型例題及相似題練習(xí)】

A

A108-year-oldMessageinaBottle

OnNovember30,1906,GeorgeBidderdroppedabottlefromaboatintotheNorthSea.The

weightedglassbottlesankalmosttotheseafloor,andthenitmovedslowlyfor108yearsand138

days.

ItsjourneyendedwhenMarianneWinklerfoundthebottlein2015.Winklerwasthenon

vacationonAmrumIsland.Shepickedupthebottlewhenitwaswashedupontothebeach.She

sawapieceofpaperinside,butdidrTtbreakitopen.Shecouldtellthatthebottlewasold,soshe

didn'twanttodamageit.Finallyshegotthepieceofpaperoutofthebottle.Shefoundthatthe

paperwasactuallyapostcard.Onthebackofthecardwasthismessage：

TheMarineBiologicalAssociation（海洋生物學(xué)協(xié)會）wouldpayashilling（先令）for

thebottle.AshillingwasaunitofmoneythatwasusedinGreatBritainbeforetheearly1970s.

Winklerfilledoutthecardandpostedit.Theassociationwassurprisedtogetapostcard

addressedtoGeorgeBidder,thepresidentoftheassociationfrom1939to1945.Theworkersofthe

associationsearchedontheInternettofindashilling.TheyfoundoneandsentittoWinklerasa

reward.

Themessageinthebottlewastheoldesteverre-discovered.ForthisreasonMarianneWinkler

gotaplacein“GuinnessWorldRecords^^（吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄）.Shebroketherecordfortheoldest

messageinabottle.

WinklerrfsbottlewasnottheonlyoneBiddersenttosea.Between1904and1906,hesent

awaymorethanonethousandbottles.Heplacedpostcardsinsidethem.Thebottleswerepartofa

researchprojecttomapcurrents（洋流）intheNorthSea.Thiswasthebestmethodatthattime.

Butwhethertheassociationcouldgetthebottlesbackdependedonthepeoplewhofoundthem.

Theassociationreportedthatabout55percentofthebottleswerereturned.Theyaddedthatthe

experimentwasasuccessasitshowedtheeast-to-westflowoftheNorthSeae?scurrents.

1.Howlongdidtheweightedglassbottlemoveinthesea?

2.DidMarianneWinklerfindthebottlein2015?

3.Whatwasinthebottle?

4.WhowasGeorgeBidder?

5.WhydidBidderdropbottlesintothesea?

B

Ready,Set,Jump!

Forskydivers,theskyisn'tthelimit.If'sjustthebeginning.Thousandsofpeopletryskydiving

eachyear.Someonlyjumponce,whileothersgoontoexperiencelifelongadventures,flyingand

turningoverthroughtheair.Skydivingisamethodofleavinganairplaneandreturningtothe

earthwiththehelpofgravity,thenslowingdownbyusingaparachute（降落傘）.Itmayinclude

moreorlessfree-fall,atimeduringwhichtheparachutehasnotbeenusedandthebodygradually

accelerates（力口速）tothehighestspeed.

Therearethreechoicesforthebeginners.However,beforeyoutryskydiving,agroundcourse

onsafetyisrequired.Thefirstmethodisacceleratedfree-fall.Youjumpoutoftheplanewhile

beingheldbytwocoaches,oneoneitherside.Theyholdontoyouuntilyouopenyourparachute.

Thesecondmethodiscalledstaticline.

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Afterjumpingout,youwillexperiencefree-fallforasecondortwo.Thentheweightofyour

bodywillpullthelinetight,openingtheparachute.Tandem（串聯(lián)）isthemostpopularbecauseit

istheeasiest.Youandthecoacharetiedtogether,thecoachbehind,withyouinfront.Youjump

outoftheplanetogether,andthecoachtakescareofopeningtheparachute.

Foreachofthesethreemethods,thecoachesgiveinstructionsintheairwithhandsignals（信

號）oraradio.Ifyouareeagertotrysomethingchallengingandwouldlovetofeelthefreedomof

flying,skydivingmightbeanadventureforyou.Whoknows?Withriskandexcitementmixed

together,skydivingmightjustchangeyourlife.

1.Dothousandsofpeopletryskydivingeachyear?

2.Howmanychoicesarethereforthebeginners?

3.Whyistandemthemostpopular?

4.Howdothecoachesgiveinstructionsintheair?

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

【課堂綜合練習(xí)】

閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。

Inthesummerof2006,GabrielWhaley,ahighschoolstudent,wantedtodosomethingto

helppeopleinhishometownofMidland,NorthCarolina.Whaleyknewthatthelocalfood

banks一placesthatcollectfoodforthehungry,couldnotfeedallthefamiliesinneedofhelpinhis

community.Asasoccerlover,healsoknewthatthecostofsoccercampspreventedsomechildren

fromattendingthem.Whaleyfoundawaytohelpsolvebothproblems.

WhaleystartedaprogramcalledKicking4Hunger.Heorganizedhisownsoccercampfor

childrenandaskedthemtobringcannedgoodstopayforthetraining.Thisallowedmany

childrentojoinin.Andthechildrenwhoattendedthecamphelpedhungrypeopleinthe

communitybysupportingthefoodbankswiththeircannedgoods.Whaley'sprojectwasasuccess!

Duringthethree-daycamp,morethan70childrenwereabletoplaysoccer.Betterstill,plentyof

foodwascollectedanddonated（捐贈）tothefoodbanks.

SinceWhaleystartedtheprogram,Kicking4Hungerhascollectedmorethan16,000

poundsoffoodandtaughtsoccerskillstomorethan1,000children.

Kicking4Hungerstillofferssoccertrainingtochildrennowinordertogetfooddonations.The

soccercampsareusuallyheldfbrthreeorfourdaysinthesummerandareopentochildrenfive

tofourteenyearsofage.Allskilllevelsarewelcome,thecoachesfocusonteachingsoccerbasics

suchaspassingandshooting.Thecoachesalsoteachchildrenaboutstayinghealthybyexercising

andeatingtherightfoods.

Whaleythinksthatoneofthereasonshiscampsaresuccessfulistheeffortofthevolunteers.

Manyofthecoachesareteenagerswhowanttohelpothers.Kicking4Hngertriestotellchildren

thatitismoreimportanttoenjoyplayingsoccerthantowingames.Thechildrenwhoattendthe

campshavefunandalsofeelgoodabouthelpinghungryfamilies.Kicking4Hungerisproofthat

theeffortsofonepersoncanleadtodifferencesinthelivesofmany.

61.WhostartedtheprogramKicking4Hunger?

62.Howmuchfoodhasbeencollectedsincetheprogramwasstarted?

63.WhydoesKicking4Hungeroffersoccertrainingtochildren?

64.WhatdoesKicking4Hungertrytotellchildren?

65.WhatdoesthewritermainlytellusaboutKicking4Hunger?

【課后限時(shí)作業(yè)】（7分鐘）

ThanksgivingisalwaysonaThursday.ThedayafterithasbeenknownasBlackFriday.Itis

thestartoftheholidayshoppingseason,andithasbeenthebusiestshoppingdayoftheyearinthe

USsince2005.

MoststoresofferbigsalesonBlackFriday.Theyopentheirdoorsquiteearlyinthemorning.

Theytrytoattractshopperswithbigdiscounts（打折）.Someitems（商品）likeTVsandclothes

aremuchcheaperthanusual.Storesmayevenlosemoneyontheseitems.Theyhopethatshoppers

willbuygiftsforotherpeoplewhiletheyareinthestore.

BlackFridayisagreattimetogoshopping.However,thereareproblems.Thebiggestoneis

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thattherearenotenoughlow-priceditems.Eachstoremayonlyhaveafew.Theseitemsarein

greatneed,sopeoplestandinlonglinestogetthem.Theymaywaitthreetofourhoursbeforea

storeopens.TheymaybehopingtogetalowpriceonaTVorcomputer,butnoteverybodycanget

one.Somepeopleleave,disappointed.

Thesituationmakespeopleworried.SomeBlackFridayeventshavebeencrazy.Therehave

beenfightsovertoysamongshoppers.Someworkershaveevenbeenhurtbylargecrowds.But

mostBlackFridayeventsaresafeandfun.Still,ifyouplantogo,youwillexpectlargecrowdsand

abitofpushing.Sowheredoesthename“BlackFriday“comefrom?Itwasfirstusedin

Philadelphiainthe1950s.ThepolicecalledthisdayBlackFridaybecauseoftheheavytrafficit

caused.Inthe1960s,storestriedtorenametheday“BigFriday”.Itdidnotstick.

Thename“BlackFriday^^continuedtospreadacrossthecountry.Itseemsthatitishereto

stay.

NowpeoplealloverthecountrytakepartinBlackFridayevents.Itisevenspreadingtoother

partsoftheworld.StoreshaveheldBlackFridayeventsintheUK,Australia,andBrazilsince2012.

InMexico,storesofferaweekendofdiscountseveryyear.

Theycallit“ElBuenFin”,whichmeans“thegoodweekend“inSpanish.Iguesspeople

everywhereliketobuythingsonsale.

1.IsBlackFridaythestartoftheholidayshoppingseason?

2.WhatisthebiggestproblemwithBlackFriday?

3.Howlongmaypeoplehavetowaitbeforeastoreopens?

4.WherewasthenamectBlackFriday"firstusedinthe1950s?

5.WhydopeoplelikegoingshoppingonBlackFriday?

參考答案

錯(cuò)題回顧

閱讀與表達(dá)

61.Yes.

細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段“MarkRonsonisnowapopstarininhisownright”可知。

62.RecordofYearat2016GrammyAwards.

細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段可知。

63.HepracticedbycopyinghisfavoriteDJsontheradio

.細(xì)節(jié)題。由第九段"IpracticedbycopyingmyfavoriteDJsontheradion”可知。

64.InclubsindowntownNewYork.

細(xì)節(jié)題°由第十段“RonsondroppedoutofNewYorkUniversityandplayedinclubsdowntown

NewYork”可知。

8

65.Hardwork,strongwill,influencesfromhisfamilyandfullpreparation.

主旨?xì)w納題。由第四段“heworkedsohard",第七段"Hisfamilyplaysanimporta