2022年陜西省安康市大學英語6級大學英語六級真題一卷(含答案)

2022年陜西省安康市大學英語6級大學英語六級真題一卷(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.EnginesofChange

TheHolyGrail(圣杯)forAutomakers

IamdrivingthroughdowntownWashington,D.C.,inawhiteGMminivanwithfriendlyblue-bubblepaperdecoratingthesides.It'semittingnotoxicchemicalsandtheengineseemstopurr(發(fā)出隆隆聲)ratherthangrowl.Iamdrivingahydrogen-poweredautomobile—soclean,youcandrinkfromtheexhaustpipe—andit'sasmooth,energeticride.

It'salsotheHolyGrailforautomakers,environmentalists,politicalleaders—and,mostimportant,driverseverywhere,whetherornotwerealizeityet.What'snottolikeaboutavehiclethatcombatsglobalwarming,offershopeofweaning(使戒掉)theworldoffMideastoil,andcouldsaveonfuelcosts?Morethananything,though,thedevelopmentofthehydrogencar,alongwithotheralternatives,isaresponsetooneunsettlingfact:Theworldwillonedayrunoutofoil.Andthatdaymayarrivesoonerthanmostofuswouldthink.

IndustryexpertsattheAssociationfortheStudyofPeakOilandGas(ASPO)predictthatby2008,wemayhaveextractedhalftheavailableglobalsupplyofoil.Whileittookusthebetterpartofthelastcenturytoreachthishalfwaypoint,itwilltakesignificantlylesstimetoconsumetherest.Withmoreindustrializedcountries,morecars,trucksandbuses,andmoredemandthaneverforhomeheatingandappliances—justthinkChina—oilcouldreachdepletionmorequicklythanweonceassumed.Sotheraceisunderwaytofindaffordablefuelalternatives,aswellasnewwaystoconserveourremainingoil.

Forcarmanufacturersandagrowingnumberofconsumers,thefutureisnow-intheform.ofthelatestgenerationofhybridvehicles.Toyota,HondaandFordhaveledthechargewithtechnologythatpairsasmallgasolineenginewithanelectricmotorthatactuallypowersthecarwithouthighlevelsofpollution.Theelectricmotorandgasolineengineismoreefficientthanacombustion(燃燒)engine.AccordingtotheAlliancetoSaveEnergy,in2004,SUVdriversspentabout$1,225onfuel,whilepassengercarscost$976torun.Hybriddriversonlyspentbetween$350and$450.

Also,hybridshavesolvedabigdrawbackofenergy-efficientelectriccars,whichneedtoberechargedregularlyliterallypluggedintoapowersource.HybridslikeHonda'sInsight,CivicandAccord,andToyota'sPrius,chargethebatteryasyoudrive.Plus,somecantravelmorethan600milesonatankofgas.

Tolurepeopletobuythesecleaner,moreefficientcars—hybrids,thefederalgovernmentisofferingownersaone-timetaxdeduction.Localgovernmentsareofferingincentivestoo.HybridownersinLosAngelesreceiveparkingexemptions;inConnecticut,residentswhoseenergy-efficientcarsgetatleast40milespergallonareexemptfromthesalestaxonthecar;Pennsylvaniaownersareeligiblefora$500discountatpurchase;andinVirginia,hybriddriverscantakeadvantageoftheHOV(high-occupancyvehicle)lane—nomatterhowmanypassengersareonboard.

AccordingtoBradleyBerman,editorofHybridC,88,000oftheseautomobilesweresoldintheUnitedStateslastyear—that'snearlydoublethepreviousyearandabouttentimesasmanysoldin2000.Thisyearalone,thechic(時尚的)Priusisontracktosellsome45,000,despitesix-monthwaitinglists.

ReducingU.S.OilConsumption

Evenasmorehybridcarshittheroad,thetechnologyisakeyelementinanexcitingnewproject,onethatcouldhastenourtransitiontoahydrogen-fueleconomy.TheRockyMountainInstitute(RMI),anonprofitorganizationdedicatedtoenergypolicy,haslaunchedaresearchcenterwiththesolepurposeofcreatingthe"Hypercar."Thisvehicle'sdesigniswhatsetsitapart.Hypercarsareformulatedtomakethemostofanultra-lightconstruction,low-dragaero-dynamicsandhybrid-electricdrivetrainstoachievemuchgreate

A.YB.NC.NG

2.Whenpeoplecareenoughaboutsomethingtodoitwell,thosewhodoitbesttendtobefarbetterthaneveryoneelse.There'sahugegapbetweenLeonardoandsecond-ratecontemporaries.Atop-rankedprofessionalchessplayercouldplaytenthousandgamesagainstanordinaryclubplayerwithoutlosingonce.

Likechessorpaintingorwritingnovels,makingmoneyisaveryspecializedskill.Butforsomereasonwetreatthisskilldifferently.Noonecomplainswhenafewpeoplesurpassalltherestatplayingchessorwritingnovels,butwhenafewpeoplemakemoremoneythantherest,wegeteditorialssayingthisiswrong.Why?Thepatternofvariationseemsnodifferentthanforanyotherskill.Whatcausespeopletoreactsostronglywhentheskillismakingmoney?

Ithinktherearcthreereasonswetreatmakingmoneyasdifferent:themisleadingmodelofwealthwelearnaschildren;thedisreputablewayinwhich,tillrecently,mostfortuneswereaccumulated;andtheworrythatgreatvariationsinincomearesomehowbadforsociety.AsfarasIcantell,thefirstismistaken,thesecondoutdated,andthethirdempiricallyfalse.Coulditbethat,inamodemdemocracy,variationinincomeisactuallyasignofhealth?

WhenIwasfiveIthoughtelectricitywascreatedbyelectricsockets.Ididn'trealizetherewerepowerplantsouttheregeneratingit.Likewise,itdoesn'toccurtomostkidsthatwealthissomethingthathastobegenerated.Itseemstobesomethingthatflowsfromparents.

Becauseofthecircumstancesinwhichtheyencounterit,childrentendtomisunderstandwealth.Theyconfuseitwithmoney.Theythinkthatthereisafixedamountofit.Andtheythinkofitassomethingthat'sdistributedbyauthorities(andsoshouldbedistributedequally),ratherthansomethingthathastobecreated(andmightbecreatedunequally).Infact,wealthisnotmoney.Moneyisjustaconvenientwayoftradingoneform.ofwealthforanother.Wealthistheunderlyingstuff--thegoodsandserviceswebuy.Whenyoutraveltoarichorpoorcountry,youdon'thavetolookatpeople'sbankaccountstotellwhichkindyou'rein.Youcanseewealth--inbuildingsandstreets,intheclothesandthehealthofthepeople.

Wheredoeswealthcomefrom?Peoplemakeit.Thiswaseasiertograspwhenmostpeoplelivedonfarms,andmademanyofthethingstheywantedwiththeirownhands.Thenyoucouldseeinthehouse,theherds,andthegranarythewealththateachfamilycreated.Itwasobviousthentoothatthewealthoftheworldwasnotafixedquantitythathadtobesharedout,likeslicesofapie.Ifyouwantedmorewealth,youcouldmakeit.

Thisisjustastruetoday,thoughfewofuscreatewealthdirectlyforourselves.Mostlywecreatewealthforotherpeopleinexchangeformoney,whichwethentradefortheformsofwealthwewant.Becausekidsareunabletocreatewealth,whatevertheyhavehastobegiventothem.Andwhenwealthissomethingyou'regiven,thenofcourseitseemsthatitshouldbedistributedequally.Asinmostfamiliesitis.Thekidsseetothat."Unfair,"theycry,whenonesibling(兄弟姐妹)getsmorethananother.

Intherealworld,youcan'tkeeplivingoffyourparents.Ifyouwantsomething,youeitherhavetomakeit,ordosomethingofequivalentvalueforsomeoneelse,inordertogetthemtogiveyouenoughmoneytobuyit.Intherealworld,wealthis(exceptforafewspecialistslikethievesandspeculators)somethingyouhavetocreate,notsomethingthat'sdistributedbyDaddy.Andsincetheabilityanddesiretocreateitvaryfrompersontoperson,it'snotmadeequally.

Yougetpaidbydoingormakingsomethingpeoplewant,andthosewhomakemoremoneyareoftensimplybetteratdoingwhatpeoplewant.TopactorsmakealotmoremoneythanB-listactors.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Nowadayssleddogsarestillnecessarywhen______.

A.therearesevereweatherconditions

B.flyingmachinesarefullwithpassengers

C.snowmachinesuseuppowerintheArcticregion

D.peopleneedpartnersduringthetravel

4.

TopeoplelivingintheArctic.themeltingofsomeglaciersmaypermitnewopportunitiesfor______.

5.

TheTreatyofRomewassignedbysixEuropeancountriestoestablishaunifiedmarket.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Incitiesortownswhere______isnotserious,itismorelikelythatblackpeoplewouldenterintermarriage.

7.Besideslowbirthrate,______isanotherfactorthatfuelsthetrendofruralpopulationinpartsofEurope.

8.CigaretteMakersSeeFuture(It'sinAsia)

—ByPhilipShenon

NewYorkTimesService

TheMarlboroManhasfoundgreenerpastures.

Thecigarette-hawking(兜售香煙的)cowboymaybeundersiegebackhomeintheUnitedStatesfromlawmakersandhealthadvocatesdeterminedtoputhimoutofbusiness,buthalfaworldaway,inAsia,heisprospering,hiscraggy(毛糙的)all-Americanmugslappeduponbillboardsandflickeringacrosstelevisionscreens.

AndMarlborocigaretteshaveneverbeenmorepopularonthecontinentthatishometo60percentoftheworld'spopulation.

Fortheworld'scigarette-makers,Asiaisthefuture.Anditisprobablytheirsavior.

Industrycriticswhohopethatthemultinationaltobaccocompaniesareheadedforextinctionowethemselvesastrolldownthetobacco-scentedstreetsofalmostanycityinAsia.

Almosteverywhereheretheairisthickwiththeswirlinggrayhazeofcigarettesmoke,theevidenceofaboomingAsiangrowthmarketthatpromisesvastprofitsforthetobaccoindustryandadeathtollmeasuredinthetensofmillions.

AtlunchtimeinSeoul,throngsoffashionablydressedyoungKoreanwomengatherinafast-foodrestauranttoenjoyalastcigarettebeforereturningtowork,ascenethatdrawsdistressedstaresfromolderKoreanswhorememberatimewhenitwouldhavebeenscandalousforwomenfromrespectablehomestosmoke.

InHongKong,China,shoppersflockintotheSalemAttitudesboutique(時裝商店),pickingfromamongtheracksoftrendysportsclothesstampedwiththelogoofSalemcigarettes.

InPhnomPenh(金邊),thewar-shatteredcapitalofCambodia,visitorsleavinganaudiencewithKingSihanoukaregreetedwithagiantbillboardplantedrightacrossthestreetfromhisornate(裝飾華麗的)gold-roofedpalace.ItadvertisesLuckyStrikes.

AccordingtotobaccoindustryprojectionscitedbytheWorldHealthOrganization,theAsiancigarettemarketshouldgrowbymorethanathirdduringthe1990s,withmuchofthebountygoingtomultinationaltobaccogiantseagerforanalternativetotheshrinkingmarketintheUnitedStates.

Americancigarettesalesareexpectedtodeclinebyabout15percentbytheendofthedecade,areflectionofthemovetobanpublicsmokinginmostoftheUnitedStates.SalesinWesternEuropeandotherindustrializedcountriesarealsoexpectedtodrop.

ButnomatterhowbadthenewsisintheWest,thetobaccocompaniescanfindcomfortinAsiaandthroughouttheThirdWorld,marketssohugeandsopromisingthattheymaketheonceall-importantAmericanmarketseeminsignificant.BeyondAsia,cigaretteconsumptionisalsoexpectedtogrowinAfrica,LatinAmerica,EasternEuropeandinthenationsoftheformerSovietUnion.

Statusappearstomatterfarmorethantaste."Thereisnotagreatdealofevidencetosuggestthatsmokerscantasteanydifferencebetweenthemore

expensiveforeignbrandsandtheindigenous(本地產(chǎn)的)cigarettes,"saidSimonChapman,aspecialistincommunitymedicineattheUniversityofSydney."Thedifferenceappearstobeinthepackaging,theadvertising."

Hesaidthatresearchershadbeenunabletodeterminewhethertheforeigntobaccocompanieshadadjustedthelevelsoftar,nicotineandotherchemicalsforcigarettessoldintheAsianmarket."Thetobaccoindustryfightstoothandnailtokeepconsumer

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9.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Rivers

Byoriginalusage,ariverisflowingwaterinachannelwithdefinedbanks.Modernusageincludesriversthataremultichanneled,intermittent,ortransientinflowandchannelsthatarepracticallybankless.Theconceptofchanneledsurfaceflow,however,remainscentraltothedefinition.

Riversarenourishedbyprecipitation,bydirectoverlandrunoff,throughspringsandseepages(滲流),orfrommeltwaterattheedgesofsnowfieldsandglaciers.Thecontributionofdirectprecipitationonthewatersurfaceisusuallyminute,exceptwheremuchofacatchmentareaisoccupiedbylakes.Riverwaterlossesresultfromseepageintoshallowordeepaquifers(沙石含水層)andparticularlyfromevaporation.Thedifferencebetweenthewaterinputandlosssustainssurfacedischargeorstreamflow.TheamountofwaterinriversystematanytimeisbutatinyfractionoftheEarth'stotalwater;97percentofallwateriscontainedintheoceansandaboutthree-quartersoffreshwaterisstoredaslandice;nearlyalltheremainderoccursasgroundwater.Lakesholdlessthan0.5percentOfallfreshwater,soilmoistureaccountsforabout0.05percent,andwaterinriverchannelsforroughlyhalfasmuch,0.025percent,whichrepresentsonlyaboutonefour-thousandthoftheEarth'stotalfreshwater.

Waterisconstantlycycledthroughthesystemsoflandice,soil,lakes,groundwater,andriverchannels,however.Thedischargeofriverstotheoceansdeliverstothesesystemstheequivalentofthewatervaporthatisblownoverlandandthenconsequentlyprecipitatedasrainorsnow—i.e.,some7percentofmeanannualprecipitationontheglobeand30percentofprecipitationonlandareas.

Thehistoricalrecordincludesmarkedshiftsintheappreciationofrivers,numerousconflictsinusedemand,andanintensificationofusethathasrapidlyacceleratedduringthe20thcentury.Externalfreighttradebecameconcentratedinestuarineportsratherthanininlandportswhenoceangoingvesselsincreasedinsize.

Demandonopen-channelwaterincreasesaspopulationandpercapitawateruseincreaseandasundergroundwatersuppliesfallshort.Irrigationuseconstitutesacomparativelylargepercentageofthetotalsupply.

Present-daydemandsonriversaspowersourcesrangefromthefloatingoftimber,throughtheuseofwaterforcooling,tohydroelectricgeneration.Logginginforestsreliesprimarilyonnotationduringtheseasonofmelt-waterhighflow.Largepowerplantsotherindustrialfacilitiesareoftenlocatedalong.rivers,whichsupplytheenormousquantitiesofwaterneededforcoolingpurposes.Manufacturersofpetrochemicals,steel,andwoolenclothalsomakelargedemands.Hydroelectricpowergenerationwasintroducedmorethan100yearsago,butthemajorityoftheexistinginstallationshavebeenbuiltsince1950.

Theever-increasingexploitationofrivershasgivenrisetoavarietyofproblems.Extensivecommercialnavigationofrivershasresultedinmuchartificialimprovementofnaturalchannels,includingincreasingthedepthofthechannelstopermitpassageoflargervessels.Insomecases,thisloweringofthefiverbottomhascausedthewatertableofthesurroundingareatodrop,whichhasadverselyaffectedagriculture.Also,canalization,withitsextensivesystemoflocksandnavigationdams,ofte

A.aremultichanneledinflow

B.haveclearbanks

C.includebanklesschannels

D.existforonlyashorttimeinflow

10.Brightcoveprofitsbymakinguseofmediafirms'wishto______.

11.

Hisjokesoftenledtoviolencewhenhewasaboy.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Humanresponsetostressisindividual.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.AccordingtoBobNelson,tostopthoserumoringaboutothers'promotions,it'sbetterfortheentrepreneurto______.

A.explainreasonsforthepromotions

B.orderthemtostopspreadingrumors

C.ignorethiskindofnegativebehaviours

D.promisepromotionforthoseemployees

14.

DuringBeijingOlympics,touristscaneasilyobtaintheinformationaboutgameresultsandtrafficconditionsintimefrom______.

15.

Thereportappealstothegovernmentforconsideringnotonlytheeffectsoffamilychangeonchildren,onparents,butalsoon______.

16.ThecompanycanapplytotheFDAforpermissiontobeginhumanstudieswhentheresultsofanimalstudiesindicatethatthenewdrugisliketobe______.

17.

Asilomarhasbeenregardedasalandmarkinthehistoryofsciencesincetheworld'sleadingbiologistsmettheretodiscuss______.

A.geneticissues

B.worldpeace

C.artificialintelligence

D.theoriginoflife

18.

TheeconomicbenefitstotheNorthfromfastergrowthinthethirdworld______thecosts.

19.

WhenNancyWoods'sfathergottoknowtheir______,heagreedtomoveoutoftheirapartment.

20.

WithmajorinternationalchainslikeCarrefourandWal-martexpandingaggressivelyinChina,Chineseretailersandgovernmentofficialsare______aboutthegrowingforeigncompetition.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(25)

A.Developmentalpsychologists.

B.Friendsofthespeakers.

C.Thesameperson.

D.Fictionalcharacters.

22.

【B8】

23.(32)

A.Toshowthatairtravelisfarsaferthandrivingacar.

B.Toshowthegreatresponsibilityshoulderedbythepilots.

C.Togiveanexampleofairdisasters.

D.Toshowthekeyroleplayedbyairtrafficcontrollers.

24.

【B4】

25.聽力原文：W:Eventhoughhedoesn'tparticularlylikeit,Iinsistonshovelingthewalkinsteadoflettingmyhusbanddoit.

M:Well,that'sthesmartthingtodo.Afterall,hehadaheartattacknottoolongago.

Q:Whatisthehusband'sfeelingabouthiswifedoingtheshoveling?

(13)

A.Heappreciatesherconcern.

B.Heisindifferent.

C.Hedoesnotlikeit.

D.Hecannotunderstandit.

26.聽力原文：Ourenvironmentisbeingpollutedfasterthannatureandman'spresenteffortscanpreventit.Timeisbringingusmorepeople,andmorepeoplewillbringusmoreindustry,moremotorvehicles,largercities,andthegrowinguseofman-madematerials.Whatcanexplainandsolvethisproblem?Thefactisthatpollutioniscausedbyman—byhisdesireforamodemwayoflife.Wemake"increasingindustrialization"ourchiefaim.Foritssake,wearewillingtosacrificeeverything:cleanair,purewater,goodfood,ourhealthandthefutureofourchildren.Thereisaconstantflowofpeoplefromthecountrysideintothecities,eagerforthebenefitsofmodemsociety.Butasourtechnologicalachievementshavegrowninthelasttwentyyears,pollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblem.Isn'tittimewestoppedtoaskourselveswherewearegoing—andwhy?

Itislikethestoryabouttheairlinepilotwhotoldhispassengersovertheloudspeaker:"I'vesomegoodnewsandsomebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwe'remakingrapidprogressat530milesperhour.Thebadnewsisthatwe'relostanddon'tknowwherewe'regoing."Thesadfactisthatthisbecomesatruestorywhenappliedtoourmodemsociety.

(30)

A.Becausetherearemanydevelopingnations.

B.Becausepeopleusesomanymotorvehicles.

C.Becausewehavemoreandmoreindustry.

D.Becausewearebuildingmorevehicles.

27.

【B3】

28.(19)

A.Thewomanismakingawithdrawalfromabank.

B.Thewomanisadmittingthemantoahospital.

C.Thewomanisrobbingtheman.

D.Thewomanisorderingthemantostop.

29.

【B5】

30.(26)

A.Hethinksit'smainlyforchildren.

B.Hefeelsitwouldbeworthwhile.

C.Hebelievesitistoocomplicated.

D.Hethinksitmaynotbeveryprofitable.

31.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Ijustcalledthetravelagency,it'sallset.OnJunefirst,I'mheadingforthemountainsforanentireweek.

W:Haveyoucheckedtheacademiccalendar?Becausemyclassesaren'tovertilltheseventh.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(12)

A.Shehasn'tcalledthetravelagencyyet.

B.Themanmayhavetoreschedulehistrip.

C.Shedoesn'tknowwhenhersemesterends.

D.Themanshouldtakehisvacationsomewhereelse.

32.(46)

33.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Throughouthistorymanhaschangedhisphysicalenvironmentinordertoimprovehiswayoflife.

Withthetoolsoftechnologyhehasalteredmanyphysicalfeaturesoftheearth.Hehastransformedwoodlandsintofarmland,andmadelakesandreservoirsoutofriversforirrigationpurposesorhydroelectricpower.Manhasalsomodifiedthefaceoftheearthbydrainingmarshesandcuttingthroughmountainstobuildroadsandrailways.

However,man'schangestothephysicalenvironmenthavenotalwayshadbeneficialresults.Today,pollutionoftheairandwaterisanincreasingdangertothehealthoftheplanet.Eachdaythousandsoftonsofgasescomeoutoftheexhaustsofmotorvehicles;smokefromfactoriespollutestheairofindustrializedareasandthesurroundingareasofcountryside.Theairincitiesisbecomingincreasinglyunhealthy.

Thepollutionofwaterisequallyharmful.Inthesea,pollutionfromoilisincreasingandiskillingenormousnumbersofalgae(averysimpleplantwithoutstemsorleavesthatgrowsinornearwater),fishandbirds.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheseaisbeingchanged.Thesameproblemexistsinrives.Industrialwasteshavealreadymademanyriverslifeless.

ConservationistsbelievethatitisnownecessaryformantolimitthegrowthoftechnologyinOrdertosurviveonearth.

(27)

A.Betteringhiswayoflife.

B.Improvinghissurroundings.

C.Modifyingthefaceoftheplanet.

D.Alteringthephysicalfeaturesoftheearth.

34.(42)

35.(21)

A.Heforgottotakehisrodandreelwhenhewentfishing.

B.Heoncestartedtoleavewithouthavinganypantson.

C.Heforgothiswalletahundredtimes.

D.Heonceforgothiswedding.

36.

【B2】

37.

【B10】

38.聽力原文：M:Youknowthenoiseinourbuildinghasreallygotoutofcontrol.MyroommateandIcanrarelygettosleepbeforemidnight.

W:Whydon'tyoutaketheproblemtothedormsupervisor?

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?

(15)

A.Haveatalkwithhisroommate.

B.Gotothepersoninchargeofthedormitoryforhelp.

C.Putanoticeattheentrancetothebuilding.

D.WatchTVbeforemidnight.

39.(34)

A.Flowers,cardsandclothes.

B.Flowersandgoldjewellery.

C.Cakes,flowersandcards.

D.Cakes,cardsandgoldjewellery.

40.

【B11】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics______.

A.hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished

B.variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors

C.wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonortheGameswereheld

D.wasconsideredunimportant

42.

IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth

43.Anexampleofmisplacedmannersontheroadsis______.

A.slowingdowntoletakidpass

B.stoppingsuddenlyatpedestriancrossings

C.turningupsidestreetswithoutgivingsignals

D.unnecessarilygivingwaytoothercarswithoutwarningthosebehindyou

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Ifyougodowntothewoodstoday,youmaymeethigh-techtrees-geneticallymodifiedtospeedtheirgrowthorimprovethequalityoftheirwood.Genetically-engineeredfoodcropshavebecomeincreasinglycommon,albeitcontroversial,overthepasttenyears.Butgeneticengineeringoftreeshaslaggedbehind.

Partofthereasonistechnical.Understanding,andthenaltering,thegenesofabigpinetreearemorecomplexthancreatingabettertomato.Whiletomatoessprouthappily,andrapidly,inthelaboratory,growingawholetreefromasingle,geneticallyalteredcellinatesttubeisatrickyprocessthattakesyears,notmonths.Moreover,littleisknownabouttreegenes.Sometrees,suchaspinetrees,havealotofDNA-roughlytentimesasmuchashuman.And,where-astheHumanGenomeProjectismorethanhalfwaythroughitstaskofisolatingandsequencingtheestimated100,000genesinhumancells,similareffortstoanalyzetreegenesarestilljustsaplings(幼苗).

Giventhelargenumberoftreegenesandthelittlethatisknownaboutthem,treeengineersarestartingwithasearchforgenetic"markers".ThefirststepistoisolateDNAfromtreeswithdesirablepropertiessuchasinsectresistance.ThenextstepistofindstretchesofDNAthatshowthepresenceofaparticulargene.Then,whenyoumatetwotreeswithdifferentdesirableproperties,itissimpletocheckwhichoffspringcontainthemallbylookingforthegeneticmarkers.HenryAmerson,atNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,isusinggeneticmarkerstobreedfungalresistanceintosouthernpines.BillionsofthesearegrownacrossAmericaforpulp(紙漿)andpaper,andoutbreaksofdiseaseareexpensive.Butnotallindividualtreesaresusceptible.Dr.Amerson'sgrouphasfoundmarkersthatdistinguishfungus-resistantstockfromdisease-pronetrees.Usingtraditionalbreedingtechniques,theyareintroducingtheresistancegenesintopinesontestsitesinAmerica.

Usinggeneticmarkersspeedsupold-fashionedbreedingmethodsbecauseyounolongerhavetowaitforthetreetogrowuptoseeifithasthedesiredtraits.Butitismoreasophisticatedform.ofselectivebreeding.Now,however,interestingenetictinkering(基因修補)isalsogainingground.Tothisend,Dr.AmersonandhiscolleaguesaretakingpartinthePineGeneDiscoveryProject,aninitiativetoidentifyandsequencethe50,000-od