物理專業(yè)英語名詞解釋

第第頁物理專業(yè)英語名詞解釋

chapter1kinematics—uniformlyacceleratedmotion運動學，勻加速運動frameofreference:參照系

positionvectoranddisplacement位置向量和位移speed

velocity速度

instantaneousvelocity瞬時速度velocitycomponents速度份量acceleration加速度

graphicalinterpretation圖像釋義

uniformlyacceleratedmotionalongastraightline勻加速直線運動accelerationduetogravity(g)重力加速度projectileproblems落體問題relativemotion相對運動

chapter2dynamics--newtonslawsofmotion動力學-牛頓運動定律

generalpropertiesofforcesinmechanics:力的基本性質(zhì)1thelawofuniversalgravitation萬有引力定律2theweight重量

3thetensileforce拉力4thenormalforce法向力5thefrictionforce摩擦力6dimensionalanalysis三維分析

chapter3equilibrium平衡

concurrentforces共點力areforceswhoselinesofactionallpassthroughacommonpoint.theforcesactingonapointobjectareconcurrentbecausetheyallpassthroughthesamepoint,thepointobject.

equilibrium平衡rigidbody剛體

thetorque(ormoment)轉(zhuǎn)矩或力矩

thetwoconditionsforequilibrium平衡的兩個條件thecenterofgravity重心a*is軸

chapter4workandenergy功和能

kineticenergy(ke)動能conservativeforce保守力

⑵gravitational(weight)potentialenergy(peg)重力〔重量〕勢能⑵elasticpotentialenergy彈性勢能theefficiency效率

chapter5impulseandmomentum

thelinearmomentum沖量與動量animpulse沖量

collisionsande*plosions碰撞和爆炸

aperfectlyelasticcollision完全彈性碰撞

coefficientofrestitution復原系數(shù)thecenterofmass重心

chapter6rotation轉(zhuǎn)動

theangularspeed角速度

theangularacceleration角加速度tangential【數(shù)】切線;正切centripetalacceleration()加速度thecentripetalforce向心力

chapter7rigid-bodyrotation剛體轉(zhuǎn)動

themomentofinertia轉(zhuǎn)動慣量parallel-a*istheorem平行軸定理

chapter8elasticity彈性

elasticity彈性;彈力

thestress【物】應力[u][c]strain應變

theelasticlimit彈性極限

theshearmodulus切變模量

standardatmosphericpressure標準大氣壓thehydrostaticpressure靜水壓力equationofcontinuity連續(xù)性方程theviscosity粘度spring彈簧

arestoringforce復原力

simpleharmonicmotion簡諧運動vibratorymotion振動運動

theperiod()【數(shù)】循環(huán)節(jié);周期thefrequency()頻率

theelasticpotentialenergy彈性勢能thesimplependulum單擺

chapter11wavemotion波動

apropagatingwave波傳播waveterminology波術(shù)語in-phasevibrations同相振動standingwaves駐波

conditionsforresonance共振的.條件

longitudinal(compressional)waves縱向〔擠壓〕波chapter12sound聲音theintensey〔i〕強度loudness響度beats節(jié)拍

dopplereffect多普勒效應interferenceeffects干擾效應

parttwothermodynamics熱力學

chapter1thekinetictheoryofgases第1章氣體動力學理論

avogadrosnumber()阿伏伽德羅數(shù)〔〕therootmeansquarespeed根均方速度theabsolutetemperature絕對溫度

themeanfreepath(m.f.p.)平均自由程〔m.f.p.〕theequipartitiontheoremofenergy能量均分定理idealgaslaw抱負氣體定律heat熱

theinternalenergy內(nèi)部能量

anisobaricprocessisaprocesscarriedoutatconstantpressure.等壓過程是恒壓進行的過程。anisovolumicprocessisaprocesscarriedoutatconstantvolume等容過程是在定容進行了過程anisothermalprocessisaconstant-temperatureprocess.等溫過程，是一個恒溫的過程。anadiabatecprocessisoneinwhichnoheatistransferredtoorfromthesystem.絕熱過程是一個在無熱量或從系統(tǒng)中轉(zhuǎn)移到。specificheatsofgases比熱氣體specificheatratio()比熱比〔〕entropy熵disorder無序

themostprobablestate最概然狀態(tài)

partthreeelectromagnetism電磁

electriccharge電荷

electrostaticfield靜電場

superpositionprinciple疊加原理equipotentialsurface等勢面potentialgradiant電勢梯度dielectrics電介質(zhì)

electrostaticinduction靜電感應capacitance電容

parallel-platecapacitor平行板電容器polarization極化resistance電阻

ammeterandvoltmeter電流表和電壓表resistivity電阻率

magneticphenomena磁現(xiàn)象themagneticmoment磁矩

torqueonaflatcoil平面線圈上的扭矩magneticpermeability磁導率

electromagneticinduction電磁感應inductance電感self-inductance自感mutualinductance互感inductor電感器

electricgenerators發(fā)電機

electricmotors電機

alternatingcurrent溝通電

theimpedance().阻抗〔z〕。resonance共振

atransformer變壓器

partfouroptics光學

geometricaloptics幾何光學

electromagneticradiation電磁輻射planemirrors平面鏡spherecalmirrors球面鏡mirrorequation鏡公式refraction折射

inde*ofrefraction()折射率〔n〕criticalangle臨界角aprisim棱鏡thinlense薄透鏡

magnifyingglass放大鏡amicroscope顯微