英語四級段落翻譯模擬題

春節(jié)是中國最具特色的重要傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，標(biāo)志著中國農(nóng)歷新年的開始，從除夕一直持續(xù)到正月十五元宵節(jié)。春節(jié)是家人團(tuán)圓的節(jié)日，這一點(diǎn)和西方的圣誕節(jié)很相似。在外地工作的人，都會(huì)不遠(yuǎn)千里回到家里和父母團(tuán)聚。在除夕之夜，一家人聚在一起包餃子、吃年夜飯，即團(tuán)圓飯。春節(jié)期間家家戶戶都會(huì)貼春聯(lián)、貼年畫。晚上12點(diǎn)左右，家家燃放煙花爆竹，辭舊迎新，希望送走不幸，迎來好運(yùn)。春節(jié)天，大家互相拜年，送上最美好的祝愿。春節(jié)期間活動(dòng)豐富，如敲鑼、打鼓、走高蹺、舞龍舞獅等。2021/5/91TheSpringFestivalisthemostuniqueandimportanttraditionalChineseholiday.ItmarksthebeginningoftheChineselunarNewYear,lastingfromtheNewYear'sEvetotheLanternFestivalonthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth.LikeChristmasintheWest,theSpringFestivalisatimeforfamilyreunion.Peopleworkingawayfromhomewilltravelalongdistancetocomebacktojointheirparents.OnNewYear'sEve,thewholefamilygetstogether,makingjiaoziandenjoyingthemealoftheEve,orfamilyreuniondinner.EveryhouseholdwillpasteupSpringFestivalcoupletsandChineseNewYearpictures.Around12o'clockatnight,everyfamilywillsetofffireworksandfirecrackerstogreetthenewdaysandsendofftheoldones,hopingtocastawaybadluckandbringforthgoodluck.OnthefirstdayoftheSpringFestival,peoplepayNewYear'scalls,givingbestwishestooneanother.TherearevariousactivitiesduringtheSpringFestival,suchasbeatingdrumsandstrikinggongs,aswellasstilt-walking,dragonandliondances.2021/5/92布達(dá)拉宮(PotalaPalace)是一座舉世聞名的建筑群。它是世界上最高的古代宮殿，最高點(diǎn)達(dá)到3700米。布達(dá)拉宮占地總面積為36萬平方米，主樓高117米，共13層。整座宮殿具有鮮明的藏式風(fēng)格(Tibetanstyle}。布達(dá)拉宮堪稱是一座各種藝術(shù)的博物館，它收藏的無數(shù)珍寶對于研究西藏的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史和文化都具有重大的價(jià)值。1994年，布達(dá)拉官被列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)(worldculturalheritage)。2021/5/93ThePotalaPalaceisaworld-famousarchitecturecomplex.Itisthehighestancientpalaceintheworld,reaching3,700metersatthetoppoint.Coveringatotalareaof360,000squaremeters,thePotalaPalaceis117metershighforthemainbuildingin13stories.ThetotalpalaceisofdistinctTibetanstyle.ThePotalaPalaceiscalledasamuseumofvariousarts.Ithousesacollectionofnumeroustreasureswhichisofgreatvalueforthestudyofpolitics,economy,historyandcultureinTibet.In1994,thePotalaPalacewaslistedasaworldculturalheritagesite.2021/5/94兵馬俑是20世紀(jì)最重大的考古發(fā)掘之一，1987年被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。兵馬俑位于西安臨潼，秦始皇陵以東約1.5公里。1974年，一群農(nóng)民在皇家陵墓附近挖井時(shí)挖掘出一些陶器碎片，立即引起了考古學(xué)家的注意，然后才有了兵馬俑這一偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。1975年，國務(wù)院授權(quán)有關(guān)部門建立兵馬俑博物館。栩栩如生的兵馬俑排成作戰(zhàn)的陣勢，成為博物館最大的亮點(diǎn)。兵馬俑是世界考古史上最偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一，充分體現(xiàn)了中國古代人民的聰明才智和創(chuàng)造力。2021/5/95TheTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorses,oneofthemostsignificantarcheologicalexcavationsofthe20thcentury,werelistedbyUNESCOasaWorldCulturalHeritageSitein1987.Itislocatedabout1.5kimometerseastoftheMausoleumoftheFirstQinEmperorinLintong,Xi'an.In1974,agroupoffarmersunearthedsomepotteryfragmentswhilediggingawellnearbytheroyaltomb.ItcaughttheimmediateattentionofarcheologistsandledtothegreatdiscoveryoftheTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorses.In1975,theStateCounsilauthorizedthebuildingoftheMuseumoftheTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorses.Thelife-likeTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorsesarrangedinbattleformationsarethestarfeaturesatthemuseum.Asoneofthegreatestarcheologicaldiscoveriesintheworld,theTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorsesfullydemonstratetheextraordinarywisdomandsuperbcreativityoftheancientChinesepeople.2021/5/96長城是世界上最偉大的奇跡之一，1987年被列為聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界文化遺產(chǎn)。它宛如一條巨龍，蜿蜒曲折，穿越草地、沙漠和高山，自西向東綿延8851.8公里（明長城）。經(jīng)過兩千多年的滄桑，長城部分城墻已經(jīng)被毀或湮滅。但是，由于它建筑雄偉，歷史悠久，長城現(xiàn)今依然是世界上最具吸引力的景點(diǎn)之一。（長城始建于春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期的燕、趙、秦等過，作為防御工事。）今天我們看到的長城主要建于明代。長城承載著豐富的中國文化，體現(xiàn)了中國人民的智慧和頑強(qiáng)。長城與黃河、長江一起，成為了中華民族的象征。2021/5/97TheGreatWall,oneofthegreatestwondersoftheworld,waslistedasaUNESCOWorldCulturalHeritageSitein1987.Likeagiantdragon,theGreatWallsindsitswayacrossgrasslands,desertsandmountains,stretchingapproximately8851.8kilometers(theMingwalls)fromwesttoeastofChina.Withahistoryofmorethan2000years,someofthesectionsarenowinruinsorhavedisappeared.However,itisstilloneofthemostappealingattractionsallaroundtheworldowingtoitsarchitecturalgrandeurandhistoricalsignificance.(TheGreatWallwasoriginallybuiltintheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriodasadefensiveprojectbystatesincludingYan,Zhao,andQin.)TheGreatWallweseetodaywasmostlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty.TheGreatWallcarriesaconsiderablepartofChinesecultureanddemonstratesthewisdomandtenacityoftheChinesepeople.IthasbecomeasymboloftheChinesenationalongwiththeYellowRiverandtheYangtzeRiver.2021/5/98莫高窟（MogaoCaves）位于古代絲綢之路上的重鎮(zhèn)甘肅省敦煌市，被譽(yù)為20世紀(jì)最具有價(jià)值的文化發(fā)現(xiàn)，以其精美的壁畫(murals)和雕像聞名于世。莫高窟始建于公元366年，歷時(shí)近千年，到元朝已形成巨大的規(guī)?！，F(xiàn)有洞窟492個(gè)，壁畫45000余平方米，彩塑2400余尊，是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、保存最完好的佛教藝術(shù)寶庫。莫高窟的壁畫和雕塑反映了4世紀(jì)到14世紀(jì)中國社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面，為研究中國古代政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、宗教、民族關(guān)系等提供了珍貴資料。2021/5/99SituatedinthecityofDunhuang,GansuProvincealongtheancientSilkRoad,theMogaoCavesarehailedasthemostvaluableculturaldiscoveryinthe20thcentury,bestknownfortheirexquisitemuralsandstatuesintheworld.Initiatedin366A.D.,andafternearly1000yearsofconstruction,theMogaoCaveshadacquiredagiganticscalebytheYuanDynasty.With492cavesstoringmorethan45000squaremetersofmuralsandover2400coloredstatues,thesiteisnowtheworld'slargest,best-preservedtreasurehouseofBuddistart.ThesemuralsandsculpturesmirroredthevariousaspectsofChinesesociallifefromthe4thtothe14thcentury,andofferedpreciousdataforthestudyofancientChinaintermsofpolitics,economy,culture,religion,andethinicrelations.2021/5/910書法（calligraphy）是中國特有的一種書寫藝術(shù)，也是世界上獨(dú)一無二的藝術(shù)瑰寶。中國書法藝術(shù)的形成和發(fā)展與漢字的產(chǎn)生與演變有著密不可分的關(guān)系。漢字在漫長的演變過程中，不但起著思想交流、文化傳播的重要作用，而且還發(fā)展成了一種獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)形式。書法不僅是一種交流方式，也用來表現(xiàn)個(gè)人的內(nèi)心世界。它能很好地反映出書法家的個(gè)人感情、知識、修養(yǎng)、個(gè)性等等，所以有“字如其人”的說法。作為中華民族的文化瑰寶之一，中國的書法在世界文化藝術(shù)寶庫中獨(dú)放異彩。2021/5/911Calligraphy,China'sspecialartofwriting,isauniquearttreasureintheworld.TheformationanddevelopmentoftheChinesecalligraphyiscloselyrelatedtotheemergenceandevolutionoftheChinesecharacters.Initslongevolutionaryprocess,Chinesecharactershavenotonlyplayedanimportantroleinexchangingideasandtransmittingculturebutalsodevelopedintoauniqueartform.Calligraphyisnotonlyameansofcommunication,butalsoameansofexpressingaperson'sinnerworld.Itwellreflectsthecalligrapher'spersonalfeelings,knowledge,self-cultivation,personality,andsoforth,hencethesaying“Thecalligraphyistheindexofthecalligrapher.”AsoneofthetreasuresofChineseculture,Chinesecalligraphyshinessplendidlyintheworld'streasurehouseofcultureandart.2021/5/912京劇是中國最受歡迎、影響最大的劇種，被認(rèn)為是中國的“國劇”，至今已有約兩百年歷史。京劇本來是一種地方性戲劇，由于深受觀眾喜愛，逐漸傳遍大江南北，慢慢演變成全國性戲劇。京劇演員主要運(yùn)用四種藝術(shù)手法：唱、念、做、打。在京劇中，男性的角色被稱為“生”，女性的角色被稱為“旦”，小丑被稱為“丑”。每個(gè)角色都在臉上畫不同的臉譜。這樣，觀眾可以很容易地分清這些演員所扮演的是什么角色。如今，京劇已經(jīng)稱為介紹、傳播中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要方式。2021/5/913Pekingopera,themostpopularandmostinfluencialoperainChina,isregardedasChina's“nationalopera”withahistoryofabout200years.Originallyalocaldrama,itwasverypopularwiththeaudienceandgraduallyspreadalloverChina,slowlyevolvingintoanationaldrama.Itsactorsandactressesmainlyusefourformsofperformingmethodsonstage,namely,chang(singing),nian(recitation),zuo(facialandbodyacting),andda(martialarts).InPekingopera,malerolesarecalledsheng,femalerolesaredan,andclownrolesarechou.Eachroleischaracterizedbydrawingsofdifferentfacialmake-updesigns.Inthisway,theaudiencecaneasilytellwhatcharacterstheactorsrepresent.Today,PekingoperahasbecomeanimportantmeansofintroducingandtransmittingtraditionalChineseculture.2021/5/914孔廟(TemplesofConfucius)是紀(jì)念我國偉大思想家、教育家孔子的祠廟建筑。中國孔廟很多，孔子故里曲阜的孔廟最大、最有名。該廟位于山東曲阜南門內(nèi)，是一組具有東方風(fēng)格的宏偉建筑群。曲阜孔廟建于公元前478年，即孔子逝世的第二年。這里經(jīng)常舉行祭孔儀式?，F(xiàn)存孔廟在明清時(shí)期經(jīng)過重建和翻修，模仿皇宮規(guī)制，共有九進(jìn)院落。主建筑沿南北中軸線分布，其他建筑左右對稱。2021/5/915TemplesofConfuciusaretempleconstructionsmemorizingConfucius,China'sgreatthinkerandeducator.AmongthemanyTemplesofConfuciusinChina,theoneinQufu,thehometownofConfucious,isthelargestandthemostfamous.LocatedinsidethesouthgateofQufu,ShangdongProvince,theTempleofConfuciusisagroupofgrandbuildingsbuiltinorientalstyle.TheTemplewasbuiltintheyearof478BC,thesecondyearafterthedeathofConfucius.Sacrificeswereoftenofferedtothesage.ThetemplestandingtodaywasrebuiltandrenovatedduringtheMingandQingdynasties.Patternedafteraroyalpalace,itisdividedintoninecourtyards.Themainbuildingsrunalonganorth-to-southaxis,withtheattachedbuildingssymmetricallyinline.2021/5/916甲骨文（oraclebonescript）是中國的一種古代文字，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的早期形式。甲骨文出現(xiàn)在商朝晚期。當(dāng)時(shí)，王室為了占卜記事而在龜甲或獸骨上契刻文字。這是中國最早的成體系的文字形式，現(xiàn)代漢字就是由甲骨文演變而來。值得一提的是，甲骨文屬于象形文字，即利用線條或筆畫把物體的外形特征勾畫出來。如今，漢字雖然還保留著象形文字的某些特征，但經(jīng)過數(shù)千年的演變，已跟原來的形象相去甚遠(yuǎn)。2021/5/917Oraclebonescript,aformofancientChinesewriting,iscosideredanearlyformofmodernChinesecharacters.ItemergedinthelateShangDynasty.Atthattime,royalfamiliescarvedwordsonturtleshellsoranimalbonestokeeparecordofdivinationandevents.ThiswasChina'searliestformofsystematicwriting,anditwasfromtheoraclebonescriptthatmodernChinesecharactersevolved.Whatisworthmentiontingisthattheoraclebonescriptbelongstopictograph--theuseoflinesorstrokestosketchouttheappearanceorthefeatureofaphysicalobject.Today,Chinesecharactersstillkeepcertainfeaturesofpictograph,butafterthousandsofyearsofevolution,they'vebecoeverydifferentfromtheiroriginallooks2021/5/918漢語方言作為地方文化的一種，是中國民族文化不可缺少的部分。中國式一個(gè)多民族、多語言的國家。漢族社會(huì)在發(fā)展過程中出現(xiàn)過不同程度的分化，因而逐漸產(chǎn)生了漢語方言?，F(xiàn)代漢語有各種不同的方言，分布的區(qū)域很廣。在現(xiàn)代漢語的幾大方言中，北方方言源于古漢語，是經(jīng)過數(shù)千年在廣大北方地區(qū)發(fā)展起來的。現(xiàn)代漢語各方言之間的差異表現(xiàn)在語音、詞匯、語法各個(gè)方面，語音方面尤為突出，但它們不是獨(dú)立于漢語之外的另一種語言。2021/5/919Aspartoflocalculture,ChinesedialectsareanindispensablepartofChinesenationalculture.Chinaisamulti-ethnicandmulti-lingualcountry.Intheprocessofitsdevelopment,theHanChinesesocietywentthroughdivisionsatdifferentlevels,sotheChineselanguagewasgraduallymixedwithdialects.ModernChineselanguagecomprisesvariousdialectsfromwidelydistributedareas.OneofthefewmajordialectsinmodernChineseisthenortherndialectwhichwasderivedfromtheancientChineselanguageafterthousandsofyearsofdevelopmentinthevastnorthernregion.ThedifferencesofvariousdialectsinmodernChinesecanbeseeninpronunciation,vocabulary,andgrammar,especiallypronunciation,butnoneisaseparatelanguageindependentofChinese.2021/5/920孔子是春秋時(shí)期魯國偉大的思想家和教育家，是儒家學(xué)派的創(chuàng)始人，被尊稱為古代的“圣人”。根據(jù)其學(xué)說發(fā)展起來的儒家思想是中國歷史上影響最大的思想流派，被漢代及以后的歷代封建統(tǒng)治者所推崇利用，成為影響整個(gè)封建社會(huì)的意識形態(tài)。孔子的言論和生平活動(dòng)被其弟子收錄在《論語》中。在21世紀(jì)，孔子的學(xué)說不僅受到中國人的重視，而且也越來越受到整個(gè)國際社會(huì)的重視。2021/5/921ConfuciuswasagreatthinkerandeducatoroftheStateofLuintheSpringandAutumnPeriod.HewasafoundeofConfucianismandrespectfullyreferredtoasanancientSage.Confucianism,developedfromtheteachingsofConfucius,isthemostinfluencial

schoolofthoughtinChinesehistory.ItwasheldinhighesteemandusedbythefeudalrulerssincetheHanDynasty,becomingtheideologyinfluencingthewholefeudalsociey.ThewordsandlifestoryofConfuciuswererecordedbyhisdisciplesinTheAnalectsofConfucius.Inthe21stcentury,Confucius'doctrinenotonlyreceivesattentionoftheChinese,butalsoincreasinglygainsgroundintheinternationalcommunity.2021/5/922“和”是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一個(gè)重要思想。中國人為人處事強(qiáng)調(diào)“和”。在處理人與人的關(guān)系上，中國傳統(tǒng)思想主張“和為貴”以及“家和萬事興”，從而創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和諧的社會(huì)環(huán)境。在人與自然的關(guān)系上，人類應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)識自然，尊重自然，保護(hù)自然。人與人、人與社會(huì)、人與自然都需要“和諧”。如今，和諧發(fā)展依然是我們的治國之本和管理人才之道。2021/5/923HarmonyisanimportantideaintraditionalChineseculture.Chinesepeopleemphasizeharmonywhendealingwithpeopleandthings.Indealingwithinterpersonalrelationships,traditionalChineseideasadvocate“Peaceisaboveeverything”and“Aharmoniousfamilywillprosper”sothataharmonioussocialenvironmentcanbecreated.Whendealingwithrelationshipsbetweenmanandnature,humanbeingsshouldlearntounderstand,respect,andprotectnature.Harmonyisneededbetweenpeople,betweenpeopleandsociety,andbetweenpeopleandnature.Today,harmonyisstillakeytogoverningthecountryandmanagingtalent.2021/5/924絲綢之路是公元前2世紀(jì)開始出現(xiàn)的一條聯(lián)系中國和歐亞大陸的貿(mào)易通道。由于這條古老的商路最開始以絲綢貿(mào)易為主，故稱為絲綢之路。這條商路也是連接古代中華文明和其他歐亞國家文明的重要紐帶。正是通過絲綢之路，中國古代的四大發(fā)明——造紙術(shù)、火藥、指南針、印刷術(shù)——才得以傳遍各地。中國的絲綢、茶葉和瓷器由此走向世界，歐洲也通過絲綢之路向中國出口各種商品，滿足中國市場的需要。作為國際貿(mào)易的通道和文化交流的橋梁，絲綢之路有效地促進(jìn)了東西方經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的交流，并對中西方貿(mào)易、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展乃至文明的進(jìn)程都有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。2021/5/925TheSilkRoadwasatraderouteconnectingChinaandEurasia,whichbegantoemergeinthe2ndcenturyBC.Thisancientroutestartedmainlywiththetradeofsilk,hencethenametheSilkRoad.ThistraderoutewasalsoanimportantlinkconnectingancientChinesecivilizationwiththatofothercountriesacrossAsiaandEurope.ItwasthroughtheSilkRoadthatancientChina’sFourGreatInventions,namely

papermaking,gunpowder,compass,andprinting,werespreadtotherestoftheworld.China’ssilk,tea,andporcelainwerespreadacrosstheworldthroughtheSilkRoad,andalsoexporteditscommoditiestoChinabymeansoftheRoadtoEuropemeettheneedoftheChinesemarket.Asaninternationaltradechannelandaculturalbridge,theSilkRoadeffectivelypromotedtheEasternandWesterneconomicandculturalexchanges,andithadaprofoundimpactonChineseandWesterntrade,socialandeconomicdevelopment,andeventheprocessofcivilization.2021/5/926茶馬古道是位于中國西南地區(qū)、以馬為主要交通工具的一條商貿(mào)通道。它是目前世界上已知的地勢最高、最險(xiǎn)的文明傳播古道，從唐代開始至20世紀(jì)，歷經(jīng)一千余年。茶馬古道就像一條大走廊，連接著沿途多個(gè)民族。它發(fā)展了當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)，激活了商品市場，促進(jìn)了農(nóng)業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展。與此同時(shí)，沿途地區(qū)的藝術(shù)、宗教、風(fēng)俗文化也得到了廣泛的傳播。如今，茶馬古道已成為一條重要的旅游線路。2021/5/927TheAncientTea-HorseRoadisatraderouteinthesouthwesternregionofChina,withhorsesasitsmainmeansoftransportation.Itisthehighestandmostdangerousancientroadforcivilizationtransmissionknowntotheworldtoday.Itexistedasatraderouteforover1000years,startingfromtheTangDynastyuntilthe20thcentury.Likealargecorridor,theAncientTea-HorseRoadconnectedallnationsalongitsway.Itdevelopedthelocaleconomy,stimulatedthecommoditymarkets,andboostedagricultureandanimalhusbandry.Meanwhile,theart,religions,customs,andculturealongtheregionwerealsospreadwidely.Today,theAncientTea-HorseRoadhasbecomeanimportanttouristroute.2021/5/928說到中國古代的科技文明，人們自然就會(huì)想到“四大發(fā)明”，即指南針、火藥、造紙術(shù)和印刷術(shù)。這四種發(fā)明是古代中國先進(jìn)科技的象征，具有重大的歷史意義。它們對中國古代的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了巨大的推動(dòng)作用，也對世界的文明進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響?！八拇蟀l(fā)明”給人類的社會(huì)生活帶來了革命性的變革，是中國人對世界聞名的偉大貢獻(xiàn)。值得一提的是，在2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的開幕式上，“四大發(fā)明”成為開幕式的主題之一。后來的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，很多人認(rèn)為“四大發(fā)明”這個(gè)片段是這屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕式最精彩的部分。2021/5/929SpeakingofancientChinesecivilizationinscienceandtechnology,peoplewillnaturallythinkoftheFourGreatInventions,namelythecompass,gunpowder,papermaking,andprinting.ThesefourinventionsaresymbolsofancientChina’sadvancedscienceandtechnologyandareofgreathistoricalsignificance.Theygreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofpolitics,economy,andcultureinancientChinaandhadatremendousinfluenceontheprocessofworldcivilization.TheFourGreatInventionsbroughtaboutrevolutionarychangestohumansociallife.TheyaregreatcontributionsmadebyChinesepeopletoworldcivilization.WhatisworthmentioningisthattheFourGreatInventionswerefeaturedasoneofthemainthemesoftheopeningceremonyofthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.AsubsequentsurveyindicatedauniversalrecognitionofthepartontheFourGreatInventionsasthehighestoftheopeningceremony.2021/5/930電子商務(wù)在近幾年迅猛發(fā)展，使傳統(tǒng)零售業(yè)遭受重?fù)?。傳統(tǒng)零售業(yè)的營業(yè)收入大幅減少，而電子商務(wù)卻占領(lǐng)了原屬于傳統(tǒng)零售業(yè)的市場。在過去的一年中，很多品牌關(guān)閉了全國的幾千個(gè)實(shí)體店(physicalstore)。對于很多消費(fèi)者來說，線上購物已成為他們生活中不可缺少的一部分，因此在實(shí)體店消費(fèi)的時(shí)間和金額就下降了。分析家預(yù)測，在5年內(nèi)電子商務(wù)將占據(jù)中國零售總額的1/5，因而一些傳統(tǒng)零售店很可能被逐漸取代。2021/5/931E-commercehasexperiencedtremendousgrowthinrecentyears,givingaheavyblowtothetraditionalretailindustry.Therevenueofthetraditionalretailindustryhasshrunksubstantially,anditsmarkethasbeenoccupiedbye-commerce.Inthepastyear,companiesofagreatmanybrandsclosedthousandsofphysicalstoresnationwide.Formanyconsumers,onlineshoppinghasbecomeanindispensablepartoftheirlives;thusth