2000考研英語試卷

2000年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題PartICloseTestDirections：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.②Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.③Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily__2_heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.⑦Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.?Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.[139words]1.[A]otherthan[B]aswellas[C]insteadof[D]morethan2.[A]onlyif[B]muchas[C]longbefore[D]eversince3.[A]for[B]against[C]of[D]towards4.[A]replace[B]purchase[C]supplement[D]dispose5.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[D]raise6.[A]vessels[B]routes[C]paths[D]channels7.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained8.[A]search[B]save[C]offer[D]seek9.[A]proportion[B]percentage[C]rate[D]ratio10.[A]genuinely[B]obviously[C]presumably[D]frequentlyPartIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage1①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④(1AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly.)⑦(⑵Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America'smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.?Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.③Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.①Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.③(14)FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.@Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGovernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”1429words]TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbeforethewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitorstheunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomyThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarketsemiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprisesmachine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactionsautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarketWhatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe.[A]turningofthebusinesscycle [B]restructuringofindustry[D]successineducation[[D]successineducationPassage2①（15）Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy（particularlyaboybaby）survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.①Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.?Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.⑥（16）Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.⑦Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.?Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.⑤(⑺Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥D(zhuǎn)arwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“l(fā)ookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension."⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.[406words]Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?[A]Alackofmates. [B]Afiercecompetition.[C]Alowersurvivalrate. [D]Adefectivegene.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvancethenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendecliningourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolutionthedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearingWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.WaysofContinuingMan'sEvolution.TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature.HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.Passage3①（20）Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight-itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.②Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③⑵）Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.?Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.①Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.”①（22）This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?[334words]Thispassageismainly.asurveyofnewapproachestoart[B]areviewofFuturistpoetryaboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovementaboutlawsandrequirementsofliteratureWhenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto.[A]determineitspurposes [B]ignoreitsflaws[C]followthenewfashions [D]accepttheprinciplesFuturistsclaimthatwemust.increasetheproductionofliteratureusepoetrytorelievemodernstressdevelopnewmodesofexpressionavoidusingadjectivesandverbsTheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis.basedonreasonableprinciplesnewandacceptabletoordinarypeopleindicativeofabasicchangeinhumannaturemoreofatransientphenomenonthanliteraturePassage4①（23）AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.②ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.③Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon’tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.①Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.②Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.③Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.①Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.②⑵）“Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores——personality,ability,courageorhumanity——arecompletelyignored,“saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducationcommittee.@“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”④LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.⑤Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.⑥LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe“Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents.①（26）ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.②“InJapan,”sayseducatorYokoMuro,it’sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.”③Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.④UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.⑤Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.[447words]IntheWesterners'eyes,thepostwarJapanwas.[A]underaimlessdevelopment [B]apositiveexample[C]arivaltotheWest [D]onthedeclineAccordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?Women'sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder.Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat.theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife[B]thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S.theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbeforetheJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlifePassage5①（27）Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,controloverone'sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition'sbehalf.②Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.③（28）Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.⑷Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.⑤Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.①Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.②Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs—thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.③⑵）Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.④Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”①Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.②Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.③Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.?Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.⑤Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.[431words]Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif.itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrificesitisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpoweritsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterialitissharedbytherichandthefamousThelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis.customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwordstoolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletoutdishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoalimpracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambitionSomepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause.theythinkofitasimmoraltheirpursuitsarenotfameorwealthambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefitstheydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptibleFromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained.[A]secretlyandvigorously [B]openlyandenthusiastically[C]easilyandmomentarily [D]verballyandspirituallyPart^English-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.31)Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.32)Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.33)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,34)intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.35)Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements-themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.[390words]SectionWWriting(15points)36.Directions:Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150words.YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:Describethepictures.Deducethepurposeofthepainterofthepictures.Suggestcounter-measures.ABriefHistoryofWorldCommercialFishing2000年英語試題答案ClozeTest1.C2,A3.B4.A5.C6.D7,B8.D9.C10.DReadingComprehensionPassage1TOC\o"1-5"\h\z11.C12.D13.B 14.APassage215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPartIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation.在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要程度不同的集中控制措施，從而就需要獲得諸如經(jīng)濟學和運籌學等領域的專家的協(xié)助。.再者，顯而易見的是一個國家的經(jīng)濟實力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關，而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。.大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求，不斷接觸到新的習俗和思想。由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。.在先期實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中，其工業(yè)化進程以及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會結(jié)構(gòu)變革，持續(xù)了大約一個世紀之久，而如今一個發(fā)展中國家在十年左右就可能完成這個過程。.由于人口的猛增或人口的大量流動(現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種流動相對容易)造成的種種問題也會對社會造成新的壓力。SectionWWriting(15points).見分析試題精解PartICloseTest一、文章總體分析本文是一篇短小的論證性文章，其主題是強調(diào)農(nóng)民儲存余糧的必要性。文章①句提出論點：農(nóng)民想成功，就必須努力保持消費和生產(chǎn)之間有較大的差距。②句對①句進行具體的解釋：即他必須存儲大量的糧食。③④⑤從正面論述儲存余糧的必要性:③句總說可以養(yǎng)家糊口；④⑤句具體說可以留作播種、應對惡劣天氣影響及作為商品賣掉以滿足農(nóng)業(yè)再生產(chǎn)等需要。⑥⑦⑧句論述沒有余糧的危害:不能自給自足，從反面論證儲存余糧的必要性。二、試題具體解析1.\[A\]otherthan不同于，除了 [B]aswellas也，又（表示附加）[C]insteadof而不是 （表選擇）[D]morethan比 更多（表比較）本題考核的知識點是：邏輯關系。正確率：72%[快速解題]文章首句的含義是：一個農(nóng)民要想成功，就必須努力保持其消費和生產(chǎn)之間較大的差距。接著文章提到了兩種正好相反的做法，一種是storealargequantityofgrain（存儲大量的糧食），另一種是consumingallhisgrainimmediately（立即把他所有的糧食都消費完）。顯然前一種做法是農(nóng)民可以成功的做法，因此空格處需要一個詞語來否定后面部分，而且其后能踉現(xiàn)在分詞。選項中，只有介詞短語insteadof符合要求，意為“他必須存儲大量的糧食而不是立即把所有的糧食都消耗完”。［篇章分析］①句為文章主旨句，核心內(nèi)容是“保持消費和生產(chǎn)之間的差距”。②句承接①句，具體闡述如何保持這個差距：儲存大量的糧食。［空格設置］insteadof是連接性介詞，體現(xiàn)上下文語義上的邏輯關系。insteadof表選擇關系，意為“代替，作為……的替換，而不是…;'在兩種做法中肯定前者，否定后者。如：Iwillstayathomeinsteadofgoingout.我將待在家里，不出門。其他連接性介詞還包括becauseof（因為），despite（盡管），besides（除了）等。［干擾項設置］其他項的短語都可用于連接前后并列的兩部分。otherthan常用于否定句中，實際上是對后面部分的肯定，如：Idon’tknowanyFrenchpeopleotherthanyou.除T你，我不認識別的法國人。其他例句：Theeditorsaswellastheproofreadersareworkingovertime.編輯和校對者都在加班工作。Ilikehermorethanherhusband.我比較喜歡她，不太喜歡她丈夫。2.［A］onlyif只要，只有（表條件） ［B］muchas盡管，雖然（表讓步）［C］longbefore早在…以前（表時間） ［D］eversince自從（表時間）本題考核的知識點是：邏輯關系。正確率：62%［快速解題］考生需判斷空格前后部分之間的邏輯關系。顯然，heproducesasurplus是hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily的前提條件。備選項中只有onlyif弓|導條件狀語從句，代入句中，意為“只有生產(chǎn)有剩余，農(nóng)民才能繼續(xù)養(yǎng)活自己及家人”。這兩個分句繼續(xù)強調(diào)儲存糧食的必要性，符合上下文意。［篇章分析］②句提到農(nóng)民必須要儲存糧食，③句進一步解釋這樣做的目的：養(yǎng)活自己及家人。②句的storealargequantityofgrain和③句的producesasurplus是近義復現(xiàn)，實現(xiàn)了句子之間的語義銜接。[空格設置]onlyif體現(xiàn)了主從句之間的邏輯關系，而且onlyif是if的強調(diào)形式，在文中用于強調(diào)存儲糧食的必要性。onlyif用于句首時，主句一般要倒裝，如：Onlyiftheredlightcomesonisthereanythingwrongwiththemachine.只要紅燈一亮，就表示機器出毛病了。②句中的考點還包括：一，熟詞僻義。句中support意為toprovideeverythingnecessary,esp.money,sothatsb/sthcanliveorexist“養(yǎng)活，贍養(yǎng)，維持”，如：Markhastosupporttwochildrenfromhisfirstmarriage.馬克得供養(yǎng)他第一次婚姻生的兩個孩子。Heturnedtocrimetosupporthisdrughabit.他為維持吸毒的惡習而走上犯罪的道路。二，根據(jù)上下文選詞。句中surplus為名詞，意為“過剩（量），剩余（額）"，如：agriculturalsurpluses過剩的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。它和上文storealargequantity相呼應。[干擾項設置]其他項也是主從復合句的連接詞。例句:Muchassheneededthejob,shehadtorefuse.雖然她非常需要這份工作，她只能拒絕。ShehadseenthefilmabroadlongbeforeitwasshowninBeijing.早在這部電影在北京上映之前，她就在國外看過了。Shehadbeenworryingeversincetheletterarrived.自從接到那封信后她就一直焦慮不安。.[A]for為了，至于，對于，適用于against反對，靠著，相反，對…不利，預防of……的，關于，對于towards向，朝，接近，有助于本題考核的知識點是：介詞的用法+習慣搭配。正確率：62%[快速解題]④句提到，農(nóng)民可以將余糧用于三種用途：asseed,asaninsurance和asacommodity?？崭裉幪钊氲慕樵~與名詞短語theunpredictableeffectsofbadweather搭配，做insurance的后置定語，意為“作為…惡劣天氣影響的保障"。insurance的常見含義是“保險，保障”，也可意為“（防備不測的）保障措施”，常與介詞against搭配。余糧當然是一種預防惡劣天氣影響的保障措施，能表達“預防”含義的介詞只有againsto[篇章分析]③句和④⑤句是并列關系，共同支持②句的觀點：必須儲存糧食。③句闡述儲存余糧的目的；④⑤句介紹余糧的用途。④句主干為Hemustusethissurplus,介詞短語inthreeways做狀語，冒號后三個并列的as…介詞結(jié)構(gòu)列舉了使用余糧的三種方式。[空格設置]against作為常用介詞，其含義和用法非常豐富。against意為“反對，違反；對…不利；倚靠；預防”，如thefightagainstevil反對邪惡的斗爭；Theevidenceisagainsthim.證據(jù)對他不利；Putthepianoagainstthewall.把鋼琴緊靠著墻；precautionsagainstfire防火措施。文中取其“預防”的含義。其他考點包括：熟詞僻義。本句中足5口^^0意為“（防備不測的）保障措施，安全保證”，如：Atthattimepeoplehadlargefamiliesasaninsuranceagainstsomechildrendying.那時人們養(yǎng)的子女很多，以防有孩子夭折。[干擾項設置]其他項都是常用的介詞。for可指“以幫助，為了……”，如：soldiersfightingfortheircountry為祖國出征的軍人;或表示目的或用途，如:amachineforslicingbread（用于）切面包片機。toward可指“對，對于；以……為目的或目標，用于"，如：ourattitudetowardsdeath我們對死亡的態(tài)度；Themoneywillgotowardsanewschoolbuilding.這筆資金將用于修建新校舍。of可指“……的”。它們的中文釋義都有干擾，要注意各自的用法。.[A]replace取代，替換；更新，更換purchase購買supplement補充，增補；附錄dispose排列，安排；（?of）處置，部署本題考核的知識點是：邏輯語義+動詞詞義辨析。正確率：70%[快速解題]空格所在部分談到農(nóng)民把余糧作為商品（asacommodity）出售的目的之一是：4oldagriculturalimplements,空格處填入的動詞說明對“舊農(nóng)具”施加的動作。出售余糧不應該是為了補充（supplement）或購買（purchase）舊農(nóng)具，更不可能是為了處置、安排（dispose）舊農(nóng)具。只有replace表達的“用余糧換得的錢來買新農(nóng)具以更換舊農(nóng)具”符合邏輯。[篇章分析]此處commodity后踉有which引導的定語從句，具體說明余糧作為商品的用途：更換舊農(nóng)具及購買化肥。定語從句中，inorderto連接兩個并列的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)toreplace…and（to）obtain...做目的狀語。[空格設置]④句較長，其中嵌套了which引導的定語從句。replace一詞含義雖然簡單，但需要通過理解上下文意來解答。例句：toreplacemealswithsnacks不吃正餐，改吃點心；You'llbeexpectedtoreplaceanybrokenglasses.玻璃杯如有損壞，要負責賠償。[干擾項設置]從語法上講，其他項都可與implements（工具，器具）構(gòu)成動賓搭配。例句：Theypurchasedthelandfor$1million.他們以100萬美元買下了這塊土地。adietsupplementedwithvitaminpills有維生素片的飲食。dispose意為“排列，安排，布置”，