【2021年】廣東省揭陽市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題(含答案)

【2021年】廣東省揭陽市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、1.Writing(10題)1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledStudents'Union,AssociationsandPersonalDevelopment.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow

1.大學(xué)里學(xué)生會和各種社團(tuán)的現(xiàn)狀

2．參加學(xué)生會和各種社團(tuán)對個(gè)人發(fā)展的作用

3．我的觀念中大學(xué)生對待學(xué)生會和社團(tuán)活動的正確態(tài)度

Students'Union,AssociationsandPersonalDevelopment

2.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:WhyDotheViewersLikeWatchingSportPrograms?Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandoutlinebelow:

1．簡要分析圖表

2．分析觀眾喜歡看體育節(jié)目的原因

3.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用(tuitionandfees)可以通過多種途徑解決。

2．哪種途徑適合我(說明理由)。

3．我的看法是……

HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation

4.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyViewonChoosingtheRightCareer.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:

1.選擇適合自己的職業(yè)的重要性；

2．如何選擇適合自己的職業(yè)；

3．我的看法。

5.Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHighSalariesorCareerDevelopment?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.有的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生擇業(yè)時(shí)盲目追求高工資，有的則認(rèn)為提供學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會及事業(yè)上的發(fā)展才是更重要的

2.持有這兩種觀點(diǎn)的原因

3.你的觀點(diǎn)

HighSalariesorCareerDevelopment?

6.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledVolunteerServiceIsWelcomeEverywhere.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

--義務(wù)活動的意義

--我參加義務(wù)活動的經(jīng)歷

VolunteerServiceIsWelcomeEverywhere

7.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowtoWriteanEnglishResume?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.中英文簡歷有所不同，英語簡歷不是漢語簡歷的直接翻譯；

2．寫英語簡歷要注意：不要簡單羅列，要突出重點(diǎn)；內(nèi)容安排要合理；用詞準(zhǔn)確，認(rèn)真檢查等等。

HowtoWriteanEnglishResume?

8.CollegeReadingRoomPhenomenon

1．描述圖表中的兩個(gè)循環(huán)(cycle)所反映的問題

2．分析引起該變化的原因

3．你的結(jié)論

(Sept:newtermstarts,Jan:vacation,June:exams,July:vacation)

9.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoapplyforaposition.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheinstructionsgivenbelow:

假如你叫方小宇，你在《北京青年報(bào)》看到以下招聘廣告，請就此寫一封求職信：

×公司誠聘文秘一員，要求如下：

本科以上學(xué)歷；有良好的溝通和協(xié)調(diào)能力；精通英語和計(jì)算機(jī)者優(yōu)先。

應(yīng)聘者請將簡歷寄至：北京市中關(guān)村北路108號紫光大廈人力資源部，郵編100081

10.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaycommentingonthevalueofbeauty.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.

1.近年來不少大四學(xué)生就業(yè)前突擊整容。

2.當(dāng)今社會崇尚外表的輿論導(dǎo)向是導(dǎo)致上述現(xiàn)象的主要因素。

3.我對外表美的看法。

IsBeautyanAdvantage?

二、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(10題)11.

WhatistheprimarydifferencebetweenthetwobusinessmodelsJoostisignoring?

A.Thenumberoffirmsadoptingeachbusinessmodel.

B.Whichisthemorerespectablemethodtoadvertising.

C.Whethertomakeuserspayforwhattheydownload.

D.whethertoallowuserstokeepwhattheydownload.

12.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1～7,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8～10,completethesentencesWiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Influenza

Influenzaiscausedbyavirustransmittedfromonepersontoanotherindropletscoughedorsneezedintotheair.Itischaracterizedbycoldlikesymptomspluschills,fever,headaches,muscleaches,andfatigue.Mostpeoplerecovercompletelyinaboutaweek.

Inadditiontohumans,influenzaoccursinpigs,horses,andseveralothermammals(哺乳動物)aswellasincertainwildanddomesticatedbirds.Atleastsomeinfluenzavirusescanjumpfromonespeciestoanother.Forexample,inlate1997astrainoftheinfluenzavirusinchickensbegantoinfecthumansinHongKong,leadingtoamassiveeffecttoremovethestrain.

Manymillionsofpeopledeveloptheflueachyear.Inmostyearslessthan1percentofthoseinfecteddie.Nonetheless,thistranslatesintolargenumbers.TheUnitedStatesCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)estimatesthatinfluenzacausesmorethan20,000deathsintheUnitedStateseachyear;combined,influenzaandpneumonia(肺炎)areamongthenation'stenleadingcausesofdeath.Duringepidemicsandpandemics,deathratessoar.Theinfluenzapandemicthatoccurredbetween1918and1919--theworseonrecord--killedabout500,000peopleintheUnitedStatesandmorethan20millionpeopleworldwide.

Symptomsanddiagnosis

Influenzaisanacutediseasewitharapidonsetandobvioussymptoms.Aftertheinfluenzavirusinvadesaperson'sbody,anperiodofoneortwodayspassesbeforesymptomsappear.Classicsymptomsincludesorethroat,drycough,stuffedorrunnyno,se,chills,feverwithtemperaturesashighas39℃,achingmusclesandjoints,headache,lossofappetite,occasionalnauseaandvomiting,andfatigue.Formostpeopleflusymptomsbegintosubsideaftertwotothreedaysanddisappearinseventotendays.However,coughingandfatiguemaypersistfortwoormoreweeks.

Deathfrominfluenzaitselfisrare.Butinfluenzacanworsenunderlyingmedicalconditions,suchasheartorlungdisease.Invadinginfluenzavirusesproduceinflammation(發(fā)炎)intheliningoftherespiratorytract,damagethatincreasestheriskthatsecondaryinfectionswilldevelop.Commoncomplicationsincludebronchitis,sinusitis,andbacterialpneumonia,occurringmostfrequentlyintheelderly,peopleonchemotherapy(化學(xué)療法),andpeoplewithacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)oranotherdiseasethatcompromisestheimmunesystem.Ifproperlytreated,thesecomplicationsseldomarefatal.

Becauseinfluenzaissocommonandexhibitsstandardsymptoms,doctorsoftendiagnosetheillnessbasedontheseasonandwhetherflucaseshaverecentlybeenreportedinthearea.TOproveadiagnosisofinfluenzainapatient,thevirusmustbeisolatedfromtheperson'snasalorcoughsecretionsorbloodandidentifiedunderamicroscope.

Treatmentandprevention

Thereisnospecificcureforinfluenza.Recommendedtreatmentusuallyconsistsofbedrestandincreasedintakeoffluidsuntilfeverandothersymptomslesseninseverit

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Thefirstuseoftheterm"organicfarming"isusuallycreditedto______inhis1940book,LooktotheLand.

14.

AccordingtoPara3,______perpersonoftheearth'ssurfacecanbeusedtoproducefood.

15.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1～7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8～10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

SoundEffects

Snorers(打鼾的人)havealwaysbeenmadejokes.Incartoons,theirnasal(鼻子的)roarliftstheroofoffhouses.Insituationcomedies,there'sthewifewhorollshereyesathersnoringbedmate.Butinreality,it'snotallthatfunny.Infact,snoringcanbeanightmareforsnorersandtheirtroubledpartners,whomaywakeupseveraltimesanighttopoke,andmaybehoistlovedonesontotheirsidesforalittlerelief.

RisksofSnoringProblems

Butthenightlyracketismorethanapotentialrelationshipstrain.Accordingtothelatestresearch,anincreasinglyolderandheavierpopulationmaymakethisconditionanevengreaterahealthriskthanwepreviouslythought.ForMaggieMoss-Tucker,successfultreatmentforalongtimesnoringproblemcamealmostbyaccident.Onefallmorningin2005,shesawasignatherlocalgymseekingsnorersasvolunteersforastudyatBoston'sBrigham&Women'sHospital.Moss-Tucker,now56,wasintrigued.Shehadstartedsnoringnearlyadecadeearlier."I'dtriedeverythingtostop,"shesays,fromsleepinguprighttousingnosestripsoramouthguard.Buttoherandherhusband'sdismay,nothingworked.WhenshesignedupforthestudyandspentanightatasuburbanBostonsleeplab,shefoundoutwhy.

Afterreviewinghersleeppatternsandoxygenlevels,researcherstoldherthathersnoringwasactuallyanindicationofsomethingworse.Shesufferedfromasleepapnea(呼吸暫停),aconditioninwhichpatientsstopbreathingrepeatedlyastheysleepandcanwakeupasmanyas100timesanightoftenwithoutrememberingit.Thatkindofrevelationhasledtodoctorsre-evaluatingaconditiononcetreatedaslittlemorethananuisance."Inthepast,snoringhasbeentreatedlikeajokingmatter;younevertalkedaboutitwithyourdoctor,"saysDr.DavidRapoport,medicaldirectoroftheSleepDisordersCenteratNewYorkUniversityMedicalCenter."Butwhenitbecomesveryprominentorsuchthatitwakesyouuporinterfereswithbreathing,itcanbeaproblem."

Sleepapnea,inwhichtheairwaybecomesblockedor,lessoften,thebrainfailstoproperlycontrolbreathingduringsleeping,canbeviewedasoneextremeofthesnoringspectrum.Softsnoring,whichisnotgenerallyconsideredahealthhazard,wouldbeattheotherend.Asthesoundandpersistenceofapatient'ssnoringgrows,sodothehealthconcerns.AstudypublishedintheMarch1issueofthejournalSleepfoundthatloudsnorershada40percentgreaterriskthannon-snorersofsufferingfromhighbloodpressure,34percentgreateroddsofhavingaheartattackanda67percentgreaterchanceofhavingastroke.

That'saproblemgiventhenumberofnoisysleepersoutthere.InarecentpollbytheNationalSleepFoundation,aboutonethirdofUSworkingadultsreportedsnoringatleastafewnightsinthepreviousmonth.Snoringgenerallyworsenswithagesotherateisevenhigheramongtheelderly.And,contrarytocommonperceptions,it'snearlyascommoninwomenasmen.Menopause(更年期)appearstobeafactor,asisweight.Beingoverweightcancausethicknessintheairwaytube,holdingbacktheflowofoxygen.

TreatmentofSnoringProblems

Yetmanywhoregularlysnoredon'trealizethatitcouldbebadfortheirhealth.Theresearchlinkinghypertension,cardiacproblemsandloudsnoringisrelativelynew.Andthoughawarenessofs

A.thecausesofsnoringproblems

B.thetreatmentsofsnoringproblems

C.therisksofsnoringproblems

D.thehazardsandthetreatmentsofsnoringproblems

16.BirdBrains

CrackingWalnuts

Thescene:atrafficlightcrossingonauniversitycampusinJapan.Carrioncrowsandhumanslineuppatiently,waitingforthetraffictohalt.Whenthelightschange,thebirdshopinfrontofthecarsandplacewalnuts,whichtheypickedfromtheadjoiningtrees,ontheroad.Afterthelightsturngreenagain,thebirdsflyawayandvehiclesdriveoverthenuts,crackingthemopen.Finally,whenit'stimetocrossagain,thecrowsjointhepedestriansandpickuptheirmeal.

Biologistsalreadyknewthecorvinefamily--itincludescrows,ravens,rooks,magpiesandjackdaws--tobeamongthesmartestofallbirds.Butthisremarkablepieceofbehavior.wouldseemtobeaparticularlyacutedemonstrationofbirdintelligence.Researchersbelievetheyprobablynoticedcarsdrivingovernutsfallenfromawalnuttreeoverhangingaroad.Thecrowsalreadyknewaboutdroppingclamsfromaheightontheseashoretobreakthemopen,butfoundthisdidnotworkforwalnutsbecauseoftheirsoftgreenoutershell.

Otherbirdsdothis,althoughnotwithquitethesameprecision.IntheDardiaMountainsofGreece,eaglescanbeseencarryingtortoisesuptoagreatheightanddroppingthemontorocksbelow.

DoBirdsHaveIntelligence?

Scientistshavearguedfordecadesoverwhetherwildcreatures,includingbirds,showgenuineintelligence.Somestillconsiderthehumanmindtobeunique,withanimalscapableofonlythesimplestmentalprocesses.Butanewgenerationofscientistsbelievesthatcreatures,includingbirds,cansolveproblemsbyinsightandevenlearnbyexample,ashumanchildrendo.Birdscaneventalkinameaningfulway.

GoodMemory

Somebirdsshowquiteastonishingpowersofrecall.AtypeofNorthAmericancrowmayhavetheanimalworld'skeenestmemory.Itcollectsupto30,000pineseedsoverthreeweeksinNovember,andthencarefullyburiesthemforsafekeepingacrossoveranareaof200squaremiles.Overthenexteightmonths,itsucceedsinretrievingover90percentofthem,evenwhentheyarecoveredinfeetofsnow.

MakingandUsingTools

OnthePacificislandofNewCaledonia,thecrowsdemonstrateatool-making,andtoolusingcapabilitycomparabletoPaleolithicman's.DrGavinHunt,aNewZealandbiologist,spentthreeyearsobservingthebirds.Hefoundthattheyusedtwodifferentformsofhooked"tool"topullgrubsfromdeepwithintreetrunks.Otherbirdsandsomeprimateshavebeenseentouseobjectstoforage.Butwhatisunusualhereisthatthecrowsalsomaketheirowntools.Usingtheirbeaksasscissorsandsnippers,theyfashionhooksfromtwigs,andmakebarbed,serratedrakesorcombsfromstiffleatheryleaves.Andtheydon'tthrowthetoolsawayafteroneuse--theycarrythemfromoneforagingplacetoanother.

Scientistsarestilldebatingwhatthisbehavior.means.Man'suseoftoolsisconsideredaprimeindicationofhisintelligence,isthisaskillacquiredbychance?Didthecrowsacquiretoolmakingskillsbytrialanderrorratherthanplanning?Or,initsabilitytoadaptandexploitanenormousrangeofresourcesandhabitats,isthecrowclosertohumansthananyothercreature?

DrHuntsaidthisofhisresearch:"Therearemanyintriguingquestionsthatremaintobeansweredaboutcrows'toolbehavior.Mostimportantwouldbewhetherornottheymostlylearnorgeneticallyinherittheknow-howtomakeandusetools.Withoutknowingthatitisdifficulttosayanythingabouttheirintelligence,althoughonecouldguessthatthesecrowshavethecapabilitytobeascleverascrowsingeneral."

Thewoodpeckerfinchisanotherconsummatetoolmaker;Itwillsnapoffatwig,trimittosizeanduseittopryinsectsoutofbark.Incaptivity,acactusfinchlearnthowtodothisbywatc

A.kindnessofpeople

B.harmoniouslivingconditions

C.ecologicalstability

D.birdintelligence

17.

Majorityofcountriessuspectthestatementthattheworldtradechainswillcollapsebecause______.

A.theybelievetheagreementsandtheopentradesystem

B.theglobeeconomicisrecovering

C.manycountries'governmentssupportimportationandexportation

D.theglobetradeisthriving

18.

Thenexttargettopromotethebenefitsoftaughenedglassshouldbe______.

19.

Asia'sloweredgrowthratecanbeattributedmainlytothe______.

20.OrganicFood

OrganicfarmingwasamongthefastestgrowingsegmentsofU.S.agricultureduringthe1990s.Thevalueofretail.salesoforganicfoodwasestimatedtobe$16billionin2004.AccordingtotheFoodMarketingInstitute,morethanhalfofAmericansnowbuyorganicfoodatleastonceamonth.Whyisorganicfoodbecomingsopopular?

WhatisOrganicFood?

InDecember2000,theNationalOrganicStandardsBoardoftheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)establishedanationalstandardfortheterm"organic".Organicfood,definedbyhowitcannotbemaderatherthanhowitcanbemade,mustbeproducedwithouttheuseofsewer-sludgefertilizers,mostsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides,geneticengineering(biotechnology),growthhormones,irradiationandantibiotics.Avarietyofagriculturalproductscanbeproducedorganically,includingproduce,grains,meat,dairy,eggs,andprocessedfoodproducts.

"Organic"doesnotmean"natural".Thereisnolegaldefinitionastowhatconstitutesa"natural"food.However,thefoodindustryusestheterm"natural"toindicatethatafoodhasbeenminimallyprocessedandispreservative-free.Naturalfoodscanincludeorganicfoods,butnotallnaturalfoodsareorganic.Onlyfoodslabeled"organic"havebeencertifiedasmeetingUSDAorganicstandards.

OrganicFarming

Thephrase'organicfarming'—firstappearedinLordNorthbourne'sbookLooktotheLand,publishedin1940.Butthetruthis,organicfarmingistheoldestform.ofagriculture.BeforetheendofWorldWarⅡ,farmingwithouttheuseofpetroleum-basedchemicals(syntheticfertilizersandpesticides)wastheonlyoptionforfarmers.Technologiesdevelopedduringthewarwerefoundtobeusefulforagriculturalproduction.Forexample,thechemicalammoniumnitrate(硝酸銨),whichwasusedasmunitions(軍需品),becameusefulasfertilizer,andorganophosphates(有機(jī)磷酸鹽)usedfornervegaswerelaterusedasinsecticide.

Thesedays,farmersareswitchingtoorganicagricultureonceagain,butnowwithanecologicallybased,systematicapproachthatincludeslong-termplanning,detailedrecordkeepingandmajorinvestmentinequipmentandsupplies.Althoughitisstillonlyasmallindustry,thenumberoforganicfarmersisgrowingbyabout12percentperyearandnowstandsatmorethan12,000nationwide.

OrganicFarmingintheU.S.Today

TheUSDA'sEconomicResearchServicereportsthatin1997,thelatestyearforwhichdataareavailable,farmersin49statesusedorganicproductionmethodsandthirdVpartyorganiccertificationserviceson1.35millionacresoutofatotalof828millionacresoffarmland.Approximatelytwo-thirdsofthecertifiedU.S.organicfarmlandwasusedforcrops,andone-thirdwasusedaspasture.

Largefarms,mostlylocatedintheMidwestandWest,producedprocessedtomatoes,organicwinegrapesandotherhigh-valuecropsonacommercialscale,whereasnumeroussmallfarms,concentratedintheNortheast,specializedinmixedvegetableproductionfordirectmarketingtoconsumersandrestaurants.

Whileorganicfoodcanbefoundthroughoutthecountry,Californiawastheleaderinproductionoforganicfruitsandvegetablesin1997,followedcloselybyArizona,Florida,Texas,andWashingtonindecreasingorderoftotalyield.Farmersandranchersin23statesraisedasmallnumberofcertifiedorganiccows,hogsandsheep.NewYork,WisconsinandMinnesotawerethetopproducersoforganicdairycows.

Production:Organicvs.Conventional

Asyoucanimagine,organicagriculturalpracticesarequitedistinctfromthoseof"conventional"fanning.

Organicfarmers:

feedsoilandbuildsoilmatterwithnaturalfertilizertogrowtheircropsuseinsectpredators,matingdisruption,trapsandbarrierstoprotectcropsfrom

A.YB.NC.NG

三、3.ListeningComprehension(10題)21.(32)

A.Somedevelopedcountries.

B.Countriesthatwantedtoborrowmoney.

C.Allthemembercountries.

D.TheWorldBank.

22.(15)

A.Englishteachersusuallylikereadingalot.

B.TheEnglishliketoreadalotandlistentomusic.

C.NoteveryonefromEnglandlikestoreadallthetime.

D.PeoplewhoteachEnglishlikethingsotherthanbooks.

23.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Excuseme.I'mhavingtroublehearinginthebackoftheroom.Didyousaythatyourteachingassistantwouldcorrectthefinalexams?

W:No,Isaidthathewouldcollectthem.I'llratethemmyself.AnyotherthingIcanbeofhelp?

Q:What'stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

(12)

A.Secretaryandmanager.

B.Studentandprofessor.

C.Professorandassistant.

D.Customerandwaitress.

24.(14)

A.Holdherbreath.

B.Nottobeannoyed.

C.Notsayinganything

D.Makefurthersuggestions.

25.

【B7】

26.(24)

A.Jogging.B.Tennis.C.Cycling.D.Swimming.

27.

【B4】

28.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Tobesuccessfulinajob【B1】______,youshould【B2】______certainpersonalandprofessionalqualities.Youneedtocreateagoodimageinthelimitedtime【B3】______,usuallyfrom30to45minutes.Youmustmakeapositive【B4】______whichtheinterviewerwillrememberwhileheinterviewsother【B5】______.Thefollowingaresomequalitiesyoushouldespeciallypayattentiontoduringaninterview.Firstofall,youshouldtakecaretoappeartobeproperlydressed.Therightclotheswornattherighttimecanwintherespectofthe【B6】______andhis【B7】______inyourjudgment.Itmaynotbetruethatclothesmaketheman.Butthefirstandoftenlastimpressionofyouis【B8】______bytheclothesyouwear.Secondly,【B9】______.Youshouldreflectconfidencebyspeakinginaclearvoice,【B10】______.Youshouldbepreparedtotalkknowledgeablyabouttherequirementsofthepositionyouareapplyingfor.Finally,tobereallyimpressive【B11】______.Ifyoudisplaythesecharacteristics,withjustalittleluck,you'llcertainlysucceedinthetypicalpersonalinterview.

【B1】

29.【B10】

30.(26)

A.Regularservice.

B.Overnightexpress.

C.Samedaydelivery.

D.Priorityservice.

四、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(3題)31.Acloseanalogytoastudydesignistheroughsketchmadebyanartistbeforehecommitshisvisiontocanvas(畫布).Thebroadoutlinesaredrawn,theproperperspectiveachieved,andthetotalimpactofthepicture-to-becanbepartiallyappreciatedinadvance.Soitiswiththedesignofresearch:itspecifiesinadvancethekindsofstatementsthatcanbemadeonthebasisofitsfindingsandSixestheperspectivesagainstwhichthesefindingsaretobeevaluated.

Onemajorpurposeofthisstudywastodemonstratewhetherornotthenewersocialresearchtechniquescouldhelpinbroadeninganddeepeningknowledgeconcerningjuveniledelinquency.Constructionofthedesignwasguidedbythisgoalofexploringnewmethodsintheanalysisofjuveniledelinquency.However,researchtechniquedevelopedinonecontentareacannotbemechanicallytransferredtoanother.Anewapplicationofthemrequiressubstantialchangesanditistheseinnovativemodificationswhichthisstudyoffersasitscontribution.

Juveniledelinquencyhasbeenthesubjectofmanypreviousstudiesusingavarietyofresearchtechniques.Thisstudymakesanadditionalcontributionbyusingadesignspeciallyplannedtopermitacomparisonofseveralapproaches.

Thedrawingupofthestudydesignprofitedgreatlyfromanextensivesurveyofpreviousresearchesoncrime,undertakenduringtheearlieststageoftheproject.Itwasfoundthatmoststudiescouldbeclassifiedasbelongingtooneormoreofthreebroadlyconceivedtypes:socialbackgroundstudy,familybackgroundstudyandpersonalmotivationstudy.

Eachtypehasitscharacteristicdesignandmodeofinterpretationandeachhasproducedinformationofconsiderableimportance.Yetnotattemptwasmadeinanyofthestudiestointegrateoneormoreofthesethreedesigntypes.Itbecameapparentthatoneofthemajorcontributionsapilotstudycouldmaketobothmethodandsubstantivefindingswouldbetobringallthreestudytypestogetherinonedesignforthepurposeofcorrelatingtheirfindingsandevaluatingtheirrelativeimportanceinproducingdataofusetothepractitioner.

Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordrawsananalogybetween______.

A.doingresearchanddrawingapicture

B.researchfindingandpicture'sperspective

C.designingaresearchandmakingaquickdrawing

D.aresearcherandapainter

32.

Underitschapter,theU.N.guarantees______.

A.nevertousearms

B.toemployinternationalmachines

C.tobetterstandardsoflife

D.topromoteeconomicandsocialadvancement

33.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost＄26abarrel,upfromlessthan＄10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?

TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.

Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.

Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclinein-theimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,itsoilpricesaveraged＄22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith＄13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanonequarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhichheavyindustryhasshifted--havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysq