Lesson9-The-Way-to-Rainy教學(xué)講解課件

Lesson9TheWaytoRainyMountainAbouttheauthorN.ScottMomaday(1934--)MomadayisaKiowaIndianbybirth,andyethewaseducatedformallyinthemainstreamAmericancultureofthe1950sand60sAbouttheauthorMyfatherwasagreatstorytellerandheknewmanystoriesfromtheKiowaoraltradition,"saysN.ScottMomaday,aPulitzerPrize-winningnovelistandRegentsProfessorofEnglishattheUniversityofArizona."HetoldmemanyofthesestoriesoverandoverbecauseIlovedthem.ButitwasonlyafterIbecameanadultthatIunderstoodhowfragiletheyare,becausetheyexistonlybywordofmouth,alwaysjustonegenerationawayfromextinction.That’swhyIbegantowritedownthetalesmyfatherandothershadtoldme."AbouttheauthorAsawriter,teacher,artistandstoryteller,MomadayhasdevotedmuchofhislifetosafeguardingoraltraditionandotheraspectsofIndianculture.Momaday’slife1934--borninLamton,Kiowacounty,southwesternOklahoma.Hisfather,awellknownartist/painter,wasaKiowaandwasdeeplycommittedtohisKiowaheritage.AccordingtoMomaday,hisfatherwas“agreatstorytellerandheknewmanystoriesfromtheKiowaoraltradition“.Hismother,awellknownpainterandwriter,wasone-eighthCherokeeandseven-eighthsEuro-Americanblends.N.ScottMomaday'sparents,AlfredandNatachee,aboutthetimeoftheirmarriagein1933.Momaday’slife1936—1946livedwithhisparentsinseveraldifferentsouthwesterncommunitieswherehewasinclosecontactwithNativeAmericanaswellasHispanicandAnglochildrenandthusbecamefamiliarwithdifferentcultures,especiallyPlainsIndiancultures.1952—1963attendedtheUniversityofNewMexico,majoringinpoliticalsciencewithminors

(副修科目)inEnglishandspeech.ThenhewenttostudylawattheUniversityofVirginiaforsometime.Hegraduatedin1958withaB.A.inpoliticalscience.Between1959and1963hedidhisdoctoralstudiesinEnglishatStanford.

Momaday’slife

1963–1969workedasanassistantandlaterassociateprofessorofEnglishattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara.TherehetaughtAmericanIndianstudiesandwasverymuchconcernedwiththeIndianoraltraditionInthepastyears,MomadayhastaughtEnglishandgivenlecturesattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,StanfordUniversity,UniversityofArizona,Princeton,andColumbiaInadditiontobeateacher,Momadayisalsoawriter,artistandstoryteller.Asadistinguishedpainter,heexplores

traditionalIndianmotifsoncanvas.Momaday’slifeHisachievementsinliteratureandhismajorworks

MomadayisconsideredoneoftheforemostNativeAmericanwritersandheisthefirstAmericanIndianwritertoreceiveaPulitzerPrizeforliterature.1962anAcademyofAmericanPoetsprizeforhispoem“TheBear”.1969thePulitzerPrizeforhisnovelHouseMadeofDawn(1968)

Hismajorworksinclude:HouseMadeofDawn(1968),TheWaytoRainyMountain(1969),TheNames:Amemoir(1976),andacollectionofproseandpoetryIn

ThePresenceoftheSun(1992).

AbouttheKiowasThepeopleANomadictribeTheKiowalivedinandaroundtheTexaspanhandle.ThisincludeswesternOklahomaandnortheastNewMexico.Theywerenomadicbuffalohunters.Theywerethefinesthorsemenintheworld.

AbouttheKiowasThepeopleANomadictribeBeingnomadstheKiowamovedallthetime.Theymovedtofollowbuffaloherds.Buffalomeatwastheirmostimportantfood.Theyalsogatheredplants,rootsandberriestoeatwhentheycouldfindthem.

WarlikeWarwastheirsacredbusinessandtheylovedwarsbynature.Theywerefamouswarriors.Theirlongdistanceraids(entrance侵入)couldgoallthewaydownintoMexicoandwayupalmosttoCanada.Theyorganizedthemselvesbyage.Thisiscalledagegradesocialorganization.Theboysandyoungmen'sorganizationswerethemostimportant.Themenhuntedandthewomendidthegathering.ThedressHereisaniceexampleofKiowadress.Thisladyiswearinganelk麋鹿toothblouse.Theelkteetharesewnontotheblouse.Theblouseisprobablymadeofelkskin.Elkteethandskinwasbelievedtobepowerfullovemagic.Awomanwearingelkskinandteethwasirresistibletomen.

TheKiowaarefamousfortheirbeadwork.Theywouldbeadallkindsofthings.

BeadedKiowamoccasins(AsoftleatherslippertraditionallywornbyNativeAmericans.)Abeadedhorsehalter(韁繩,（馬）籠頭)Kiowababyinapapoose(背嬰兒的袋子)Lookatthecolorfulblueandredbeadworkabovethebaby'sheadandonthebrownleatherparts.Thisislikeabackpack.Indianmotherswouldcarrythebabyinthepapoosearoundwiththemontheirbacks.

TheSunDanceritualthemostspectacularandimportantreligiousceremonyoftheKiowasandotherPlainsIndians.Itwasconsideredtobeveryfestiveandsacred.OrdinarilyheldonceayearatthetimeoftheSummerSolsticewhenthesunisatitsstrongest.theKiowaSunDancecelebrationlasttendays,withsix"gettingready'orpreparation/fastingdays,followedbyfourdancingdays.TwoofthemostimportantsymbolicritesarethesacrificeofabuffaloandtohangTai-meforworshipSymbolicmeaning:acontinuitybetweenlifeanddeath---aregeneration,acycleofsymbolicdeathsandrebirthsTheSunDanceReligion–worshipofthesunTai-me:thesacredSunDancedollAhumanfigureofnomorethantwofeetinlength,dressedinaceremonialcostumeoffeathers,skins,beadsandpendants(垂飾)AlsoReferredtoasMedicinetree(themostpowerfulmedicineinthetribe)OnlyexhibitedandviewedatthetimeoftheannualSunDanceritualBelievedbytheKiowastohavemagicalpowerTheimportanceofBuffalostotheKiowasRoleinthespirituallifeAnessentialsacrificeintheSunDanceritualBelievedbytheplainsIndiansasacredanimal,wiseandpowerful,evenclosertothecreatorthanhumansBuffalosongs,dancesandfeastaccompanytheSunDanceInthestoriesofPlainIndians,thebuffalobegantheSunDanceritualfirstandtaughtpeopleitsbenefit.

Roleinthedailylife:FoodClothingShelterUtensils(fromflyswatters蒼蠅拍tochildren’stoys)TheHistoryoftheKiowasTheoriginoftheKiowascanbedatedbackto300years.TheancestorsoftheKiowaslivedinthemountainsofwesternMontanainthe17thcentury.Byabout1700,thetribemovedtowardthesoutheasttotheCrow’slandandsettledintotheBlackHillsTheMigrationoftheKiowas--Acquiredhorsesandbecameanomadictribe--acquiredTai-meandbegantoworshipthesunFurtherintoTheWichitaMountains(theendof18thcentury)--reachedthegoldentimeoftheirhistory--formedanalliancewiththeComanchesandcontrolledthewholeoftheSouthernPlainsTheMigrationoftheKiowas—theBlackHills

TheBlackHillsTheMigrationoftheKiowas—theWichitaMountainsTheMigrationoftheKiowas–TheWichitaMountainspictureTheDevil’sTower–AsacredsitefortheKiowasAmassiverockandpossiblyanremnantofavolcanicneckAbout40millionyearsold1,267feetabovethenearbyBelleFoucheRiverKnownbyseveralPlainsIndiantribesasBearsLodgeTheDevil’sTower–AsacredsitefortheKiowasAplacetocarryoutthesacredSunDanceritualbytheKiowapeopleandmanyofthePlainspeopleuntil1887PlayedaroleinshapingIndianlegendsAsacredsiteofworshipformanyAmericanIndiansTheDeclineoftheTribeFactorshavingcontributedtothedeclineofthetribe:DeadlydiseasesbroughtaboutbyEuropeanimmigrants:smallpox天花,measles麻疹,diphtheria白喉MilitarydefeatbytheUSCalvaryandconsequenthumiliationForcedremovaltoreservationsDeprivationoftherighttopracticetheessentialactoftheirfaith(SunDanceritualswereforbidden.)MassivekillingofBuffaloherdsbythewhitesPara.1:questionstobeconsideredWhatisthemainideaofPara.1?Whatspecialmeaninghasthelandscapetotheauthor?Whatarethemajorfeaturesofthelandscape?Par.1ThemainideaofthefirstparagraphTheopeningparagraphoftheessayisalyricaldescriptionofRainyMountain,theplacewheretheauthor’sgrandmotherlivedanddied,togetherwithotherKiowas.Para1Whatarethemajorfeaturesofthelandscape?1)hardestweather---winter:blizzards---spring:hottornadicwinds---summer:theprairielikeananvil’sedge,brittleandbrowngrass,steamingfoliagewrithinginfire2)lonelinessAsingleknollrisesoutoftheplaininOklahoma,northandwestoftheWichitaRange.Formypeople,theKiowa,itisanoldlandmark,andtheygaveitthenameRainyMountain.”

Hegoesontosay“Lonelinessisanaspectoftheland.Allthingsintheplainareisolate;thereisnoconfusionofobjectsintheeye,butonehilloronetreeoroneman.Tolookuponthatlandscapeintheearlymorning,withthesunatyourback,istolosethesenseofproportion.Yourimaginationcomestolife,andthis,youthink,iswhereCreationwasbegun.”RainyMountainviewedthroughthewindowoftheruinsofDoke'sStore.1.S1Asingleknoll….theWichitaRange1)knoll:asmallroundhill2)range:aseriesofconnectedmountainsconsideredasasinglesystem

3)一座孤零零的小山拔地而起…

Whatspecialmeaninghasthelandscapetotheauthor?Beinghisancestralland,RainyMountainplaysakeyroleintheauthor’sexplorationofhisKiowaidentity.Thelandisthevisibleembodimentofthetribalhistory.Theolddaysaregoneforever.TheKiowawarriorsaredead.Theculturehasalmostdisappeared.Whatremainsisthelandwhichisthevisibleembodimentoftheirpeople'spast.Bydirectlyinvolvinghimselfwiththelandscapeofhisancestors,theauthorisabletoidentifymorecloselywiththemandrelivetheirexperiencesinhisimaginationmorevividly.2.S2Formypeople…anoldlandmarkLandmark:anyprominentfeatureofthelandscape,e.g.atree,ahillorabuilding,servingtoidentityaparticularlocalitye.g.ThestatueoflibertyisthelandmarkoftheNewYorkCity3.S4…insummertheprairieisananvil’sedge.1)anvil’sedge:anvil鐵砧isaheavyblockofironorsteelwithasmoothtoponwhichmetalsareshapedbyhammering.Ananvil’sedgeishot,tough,hard.Hereanvilisusedmetaphorically.

2)Insummertheearthoftheprairieisextremelyhotandhard.

4.S5Thegrassturnsbrittleandbrown…1)brittleandbrown:alliterationotherexamplesofalliterationinthisparagraphinclude:willowandwitchhaze,great

green-and-yellowgrasshoppers

2)草變得又脆又黃5.AtadistanceinJulyorAugust...almosttowritheinfire:從遠(yuǎn)處望去,七八月里的樹葉熱的冒煙,猶如在火中掙扎Theauthoruses“steaming”,“fire”,“towrithe”

figurativelytoshowhowhotanddrytheplaceis.6......poppinguplikecorntostingtheflesh...:像玉米花爆裂時一樣突然彈起,刺得人皮膚痛poppinguplikecorn:Whenagrasshopperhops,itpopsup,makingasuddenmovementlikecornbeingroasted.Herethesimilevividlyshowsthesuddenmovementsofalargenumberofgrasshoppersstirredbyatraveler.8.Lonelinessisanaspectoftheland.1)Lonelinessisamajorqualityofthislandscape.

2)Aswecansee,thedepictionofthelandisinjectedwiththeauthor'sownemotionsandimagination,bringingoutthespiritoftheplace.3)Theauthoremphasizeslonelinessperhapsbecausethisqualityenablesonetoconcentrateone'smindontheearth.loneliness9.Allthingsintheplainareisolate,thereisnoconfusionofobjectsintheeye.1)平原上的一切都是疏離開的,所見之物不會混雜在一起讓人看不清楚.2)“eye”inthesingularformmeansman’spowerofseeingorobserving.e.g.①tohaveyoureyeonsomething:tohavenoticedsomething②nottoseeeyetoeye:todisagreewithsomeone③tomyeye:inmyopinion

④tohaveagoodeyeforsomething:tobegoodatrecognizingwhatisattractiveandvaluable

Noconfusionofobjectsintheeye10.Tolookuponthatlandscape---istolosethesenseofproportion1)清晨,太陽在你背后冉冉升起,此時觀看這片大地,你會失去正常的比例感2)tolosethesenseofproportionmeansthatsomeobjectsmayseemlargerorsmallerthantheyreallyare.Probably,thebrightmorningsunlightmakesobjectsseemtobeoutofproportion.11.Yourimaginationcomestolife,andthis,youthink,iswhereCreationwasbegun1)Thelandscapemakesyourimaginationvividandlifelike,andyoubelievethatthecreationofthewholeuniversewasbegunrighthere.2)Creation:inEnglish,“theCreation”usuallyreferstotheactofGod,i.e.theactofmakingtheuniverse,includingtheworldandeverythinginit.Here,theauthoromits“the”,perhapstoshowthatheistalkingabouttheoriginoftheuniverseashe,aKiowa,imagines.CreationwasbegunhereSummingup:themajorfeaturesofPara.1---Mixtureofdescriptionandimagination---Lyricallanguage:soundeffect,specificchoiceofwords,figureofspeechtocreatevividimages---emotionallyinvolvinghimselfwiththelandscapePar.2thefunctionofParagraph2:InthesecondparagraphtheauthorexplainsthepurposeofhisvisittoRainyMountain:tobe

athisgrandmother'sgrave.Thisparagraphservesasatransitionallinkbetweenthe

descriptionofthelandinthefirstparagraphandthenarrationofhisgrandmother'sandhispeople'sstoriesinthefollowingparagraphs.Par.2LsIwastoldthatindeathherfacewasthatofachild.1)Indeath,shewaspeacefulandfreefromallearthlyworriesandmiseries.Herfacelookedlikethatofachild.Onlyindeathcanonereturntochildhoodinnocenceandpeacefulness.2)Theword“child”isrepeatedinthefirstsentenceofthenextparagraph:“Iliketothinkofherasachild.”Structurallythetwoparagraphsaresmoothlyconnected.Inmeaning,theauthorseemstosaythatlifeisbutacircle---onebeginsasachildandendslikeachild,andindeathonereturnstowhereonebegins.(symbolicmeaningoftheSunDance)Par.31.Whatisthemainideaofthisparagraph?ThisparagraphsumsupthehistoryoftheKiowasasaPlainsNativeculture–

thegoldentimeandthedeclineintheirhistory2.S2Whenshewasborn….lastgreatmomentoftheirhistory.Mygrandmotherwasborn(around1880)atatimewhentheKiowaswerestilllivingintheirgoldentimeortobemoreexact,thelastmomentoftheirgoldentime.StartingfromthisparagraphtheauthorlinkshisgrandmotherwiththehistoryoftheKiowas.Thisnarrativestructurewillcontinueinthefollowingpartsoftheessay.3.InalliancewiththeComanches,theyhadruledthewholeofthesouthernPlains.TheComanches:(pl.Comanche;orComanches)NorthAmericanIndians,formerlyrangingoverthesouthernGreatPlainsfromwesternKansastonorthernTexasandnowlocatedinOklahoma.TheComanchebecamenomadicbuffalohuntersaftermigratingsouthfromWyominginthe18thcentury.TheyadoptedaPlainsculture.Theywereexcellenthorsemenandextremelywarlike.Theyeffectivelypreventedwhitesettlersfrompassingsafelythroughtheirterritoryformorethanacentury.TheareacontrolledjointlybytheKiowasandtheComanchesTheGreatPlainsPara34.Warwastheirsacredbusiness,andtheywereamongthefinesthorsemen----amatterofdispositionratherthanofsurvival1)FortheKiowas,warfarewasthesacredthing,Theyfoughtnotforsurvival,rather,itistheirnature.Theywerewarlike.WarfarewasimportantfortheKiowasmorebecauseoftheirmilitanttendencythanbecauseoftheirneedforsurvival.TheKiowasoftenfoughtjustbecausetheyweregoodwarriors,becausetheyfoughtoutofhabit,character,nature,notbecausetheyneededextralandsormaterialgainsforthesakeofsurvivingandthriving.Para34.Warwastheirsacredbusiness,andtheywereamongthefinesthorsemen----amatterofdispositionratherthanofsurvival2)disposition:aparticulartypeofcharacter;aninclination,tendency.Hereitmeansnormalaspectofone'snature.e.g.①Hehadacheerfuldisposition.②Hehadadispositiontoquarrel.amatterofdisposition:出于本性,由于習(xí)慣amatter:adecision,asituation,etc.Para35…..theyneverunderstoodthegrim,unrelentingadvanceoftheU.S.Cavalry.1)TheKiowasdidn'tknowwhytheU.S.Cavalrykeptadvancingtowardthemsocruellyandrelentlessly.2)grim:fierce;cruel;savage.unrelenting:relentless,refusingtoyield;inflexible.Para35…..theyneverunderstoodthegrim,unrelentingadvanceoftheU.S.Cavalry.3)Whydidn'tKiowasunderstandthegrim,unrelentingadvanceoftheU.S.Cavalry?ThisquestioncanbeansweredonlywhenyouunderstandthecausesofwarsforthosenativeIndiansandfortheU.S.Cavalry.ThecauseofwarfornativeIndians---forthesimplenecessityofsurvival:food,pastures,etc---amatterofdisposition:someofthetribesliketheKiowasweresimplywarlikeIneithercase,Whenagroupwonabattle,theywouldtypicallystopadvancingupontheirdefeatedenemyandtheywouldcelebratetheirvictory.

Para3ThecauseofwarfortheU.S.Cavalry---theyweresentbythegovernmenttoaccompanyandprotectthenon-Indian,mostlywhitesettlers.WhentherewasaconflictbetweenthenativeIndiansandthewhitesettles,thearmywasinevitablyonthesideofthelatter.---Inthe19thcentury,theAmericanfrontierkeptmovingwestward.ThiswestwardexpansionbroughtconstantconflictsbetweentheNativeAmericansandnon-Indiannewcomers.Therefore,theU.S.Cavalrywasatconstantwarswiththenativetribesandtheynevergaveupadvancingevenwhentheywon.Para36.…ill-provioned,theyweredriven…ill-provioned:withoutadequatesupplies,especiallyfood.7.InPaloDuroCanyontheyabandonedtheircrucialstorestopillage…buttheirlives.1)store:inpluralform,thewordmeanssupplies,especiallyfood,clothing,arms,etc.2)pillage:theactofplundering3)buttheirlives:excepttheirlivesPara36.Mygrandmotherwassparedthehumiliationofthosehighgraywallsbyeightortenyears.Luckily,mygrandmotherdidnotsufferthehumiliationofbeingputintoaclosureforholdinganimals,forshewasborneightortenyearsaftertheevent.

TheKiowaswerehumiliatedbecausetheyweretreatedlikeanimals.Para37.---butshemusthaveknownfrombirththeafflictionofdefeat,thedarkbroodingofoldwarriors.1)tobrood:tokeepthinkingaboutsomethinginadistressedortroubledway.TheKiowaskeptthinkingbecausetheywereunabletoforgetthepastwrongdonetothem,becausethehumiliationwastoodeepforthemtoforget.Para37.---butshemusthaveknownfrombirththeafflictionofdefeat,thedarkbroodingofoldwarriors.2)Fromherearlychildhood,shemusthaveheardwhathadhappenedfromherparentsandgrandparents.Thereforeshemusthaveknownthegreatpainanddistressbroughtbydefeat,andshemusthaveseenhowtheyhadkeptthinkingabouttheirdefeatinagloomyandhopelessway.Para.4themainideaofParagraph4

ThisparagraphisabouthowtheKiowasmigratedfromwesternMontanaandhowthemigrationtransformedtheKiowas.LikeParagraph3,thispartusestheauthor'sgrandmother'sstoryasafocalpoint,butquicklymovesontothestoryoftheKiowapeople.Theuseofwordslike"shebelongedtothelastculture"and"herforebears"smoothesthetransition.Para41.S1---thelastculturetoevolveinNorthAmericaBeforethearrivaloftheEuropeans,therehadbeennumerousNativeIndianculturesthathadexistedforalong,longtimeinNorthAmerica.AftertheKiowas'migrationtotheGreatPlainsfromMontanathreecenturiesago,theyacquiredhorsesandtheSunDanceculture.Theychangedtheiroldwaysoflivinganddevelopedtheirnewculturegradually.SotheauthorsaysthatthiswasthelastculturetoevolveinNorthAmerica.Para42.S3---whoselanguagehasneverbeenpositivelyclassifiedinanymajorgroup.TheNativeIndianlanguagesareclassifiedmainlygeographically,notlinguistically.PerhapsbecauseofthemigrationoftheKiowas,theirlanguagehasneverbeendefinitelyclassifiedinanymajorgroupoftheNativeIndianlanguagesPara43.S5Itwasalongjourneytowarddawn,anditledtoagoldenage.1)Theymovedtowardtheeast,wherethesunrises,andalsotowardthebeginningofanewculture,whichledtothegreatestmomentintheirhistory.2)"dawn"hastwomeanings:①thebeginningofdaylight,daybreak;②thebeginningofsomething.BothmeaningssuitthecontexthereinthattheKiowapeoplenotonlymovedtowardthesun,butalsotowardthebeginningofaneweraintheirhistory.Para44.AlongthewaytheKiowaswerebefriendedbytheCrows...1)Indianwarswerefrequentinhistory.Yet,intheprocessoftheirmigration,theCrowshelpedtheKiowasbygivingthemhorsesandthereligionofthePlains,bothofwhichwereessentialforthetransformationoftheKiowasfromamountainpeopletoaplainspeople.

2)befriend:toreceivesbinafriendlyway,tohelp

3)TheCrows:ANativeAmericanIndianswhocalledthemselves“birdpeople”.formerlyinhabitinganareaofthenorthernGreatPlainsbetweenthePlatteandYellowstonerivers,nowlocatedinsoutheastMontana.TheCrowbecamenomadicbuffalohunters(huntingtribe)aftermigratingwestfromtheMissouriRiverinNorthDakotainthe18thcentury.克勞族,一個原先居住于大平原北部普拉特河和黃石河之間某個地區(qū)的印第安民族，現(xiàn)分布在美國蒙大納州的東南部?？藙谧逶?8世紀(jì)由北達(dá)科他州的密蘇里河向西遷移以后，成為一個獵捕野牛的游牧民族.Para45..andtheirancientnomadicspiritwassuddenlyfreeoftheground:1)"freeoftheground":Asanomadicpeople,theyhadnopermanenthomeandwereconstantlyonthemove.WhentheylivedinthemountainsinMontana,theyhadnohorsesandthereforetheyhadtowalkonfootallthetime.Inasensetheyweretiedtotheground,ortheywerenotfreeoftheground.Nowtheywereabletogalloponhorseback.Thisgavethemanewfreedomofmovement,thuscompletelyliberatingtheirancientnomadicspirit.2)Ridingonhorseback,insteadofwalkingonfoot,gavethemthisnewfreedomofmovement,thusliberatingtheirancientnomadicspirit.Para46.Nolongerweretheyslavesto...priestsofthesun.1)slave:apersonwhoiscompletelydominatedbysomeinfluence,habit,person,etc.Notetheprepositionusedwithitis"to",not"of".Example:Shedoesn'twanttobeaslavetofashion.2)Notethecontrastbetween“slaves”and“l(fā)ordlyanddangeroussociety”.Para47.Accordingtotheiroriginmyth,theyenteredtheworldthroughahollowlog.1)theiroriginmyth:mythabouttheoriginoftheirancestors,wheretheyoriginallycamefrom,howtheyenteredtheworld;2)ahollowlog:alogwithanemptyspaceinit3)Differentcultureshavedifferentoriginmyths.ThesemythsevenvaryfromoneIndiangrouptoanother.However,manyIndiantribessharethesamebeliefthattheyenteredtheworldfromtheunderground.Para49.LsFromonepointofview,theirmigrationwasthefruitofanoldprophecy,forindeedtheyemergedfromasunlessworld1)Inasense,theirmigrationconfirmedtheancientmyththattheyenteredtheworldfromahollowlog,fortheydidemergefromthesunlessworldofthemountains..Para49.LsFromonepointofview,theirmigrationwasthefruitofanoldprophecy,forindeedtheyemergedfromasunlessworld2)“Sunless”hereisapun.①Theyoncelivedinthemountainswhichwereheavilywooded/whichweresohighandwerecoveredwithsuchdenseforeststhatthesunlightcouldnotpenetratethem.,soitwassunless,(dim,dark);②Inthepast,theyhadnoreligion,notworshipGod/sun(sosunless).theoldprophecyherereferstotheiroriginmyth.Para.5theroleofParagraph5:Inthisparagraph,theauthorreturnstohisgrandmotheragain.Sincesheistheimmediate/directreasonforhimtocometoRainyMountain,sheisthelinkbetweentheauthorandhisancestors.Para51.S1Althoughmygrandmotherlivedoutherlonglife..,likememoryinherblood:AlthoughmygrandmotherneverleftRainyMountaininherlonglife,theimmenselandscapeoftheGreatPlainslayinhermemoryasifshehadlivedthereherself.

Para52.LsIwantedtoseeinrealitywhatmyshehadseeninhermind’seye,---beginmypilgrimage:1)inthemind'seye:inimagination.

AhohadneverbeentoplacesliketheBlackHills,butshehadseenthemquitewellinimagination,forshehadheardsomuchaboutthemfromtheoldergenerations.ItisthroughtheoraltraditionthattheKiowaculturalheritagehasbeenhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Para52.LsIwantedtoseeinrealitywhatmyshehadseeninhermind’seye,---beginmypilgrimage:2)pilgrimage:ajourneymadebyapilgrim,especiallytoashrineorholyplace;anylongjourneytoaplaceofhistoricalinterest.ForMomaday,thejourneyisindeedtoaholyplace,aplacewherehisancestorslivedandthrivedintheirgoldenage.Heretheauthorwenttheretofindoutthetradition/heritageofhispeople/ancestor.Para.6themainideaofParagraph6:TheKiowasfeltasenseofconfinementinYellowstone,Montana.PlaceofOrigin--YellowstonePara6Beautifulasitis,onemighthavethesenseofconfinementthere.盡管風(fēng)景很美麗,但人們會有一種受束縛被禁錮的感覺.Para61.Theskyinalldirectionsiscloseathand..,deepcleavagesofshade:放眼望去,四周天際線近在咫尺,伸手可及,這天際線是一道樹的高墻和一條條幽深的裂縫.1)skyline:thelinealongwhichtheskyseemstotouchtheearth,visiblehorizon2)“thehighwallofthewoodsanddeepcleavagesofshade”isinappositionwiththeword"skyline",afurtherexplanationoftheword“skyline”.SkylinePara62.Thereisperfectfreedominthemountains,butitbelongstotheeagleandtheelk,thebadgerandthebear.Iadmitthereisperfectfreedominthemountains,butonlyanimalscanenjoythisfreedomthoroughly.TheKiowasdidnotfeelfreeatall.Herethissentenceechoestheideaof"thesenseofconfinement”expressedearlier.Para63.LsTheKiowasreckonedtheirstaturebythedistancetheycouldsee,yettheywerebentandblindinthewilderness.Ashunters,itwasveryimporta