高二英語(yǔ)人教版必修八講義UNIT5SECTIONⅠ

ThegroupofcavesatMogaorepresents①auniqueartisticachievement.Morethan2，000sculptureswerecarvedoutoftherockwalls，thencoveredwithclayandpainted.Thereareabout45，000m2ofmurals壁畫，amongwhicharemanymasterpiecesofChineseart.,Inthedesertlandscapeoftheextremenorth-westofGansuProvincearethecliffsofMogao，whichformtheeasternedgeofMountMingsha.Withinthecliffsarethe492naturalcellsandrocktemples.Theyextendover1，600mandmakeupthefamousCavesofaThousandBuddhasQian-fodong.,Accordingtoaninscription碑文，BuddhistmonksfirstbegantoworkonthecavesofMogaoinAD366，whereasthestateofficiallyrecognizedBuddhismasareligiononlyin444.Themajorityofthecellsandtempleswereconstructed②，however，fromthe5thcenturyupthroughthe14thcentury，whentheregionbegantodecline.,TheMogaocavesarecloselyassociatedwiththehistoryofthespreadofBuddhismacrossAsia.BeingsostronglylinkedwiththehistoryofChina，theysetupacollectionofBuddhistartwithpaintingsandsculpturesoveraperiodofathousandyears.Moreover，sincetheywerestilloccupiedby③Buddhistmonksfromtheendofthe19thcenturyuntil1930，therock-artensemble整體atMogao，administeredbytheDunhuangCulturalRelicsResearchInstitute，preservestheexampleofa[閱讀障礙詞]①representv．呈現(xiàn)，代表②constructv．建筑，建設(shè)③beoccupiedby被占據(jù)，被占據(jù)Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．a(chǎn)lternativeA．thebranchofanthropologythatstudiesprehistoricpeopleandtheircultures2．tentativeB．inspiteofeverything;disregardingdrawbacks3．interruptC．uncertain;hesitant4．sharpenD．thechoicebetweentwomutuallyexclusivepossibilities5．a(chǎn)mpleE．totakeforgranted;acceptwithoutproof;suppose6．a(chǎn)rchaeologyF．tobreakthecontinuityoruniformityofsth.7．a(chǎn)ssumeG．largeindegree,kind,orquantity8．regardlessH．tomakeorbeesharporsharper9．a(chǎn)ccuracyI．dirty,confused,oruntidy10．messyJ．thequalityofbeingcorrectortrue答案：1～5DCFHG6～10AEBJIⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Accordingtothestudyoftheobjectsfromancienttimes,let'sparethelifeatthattimewithours.把……和……相比擬2．AnarchaeologistisshowingstudentsfromEnglandaroundthecave.領(lǐng)某人參觀3．Hedroppedoutoftheuniversityregardlessofhisparents'opposition.不管；不顧4．Theneedlethatwasusedbytheprimitivepeopleisatmost3centimeterslong.至多；最多5．Theprimitivepeoplehunganimalskinsatthecavemouthtokeepoutthecoldinwinter.關(guān)在門外；不準(zhǔn)入內(nèi)6．Hewasbadlycutupbythedeathofhisson.哀痛，痛心Areyoufamiliarwiththesepictures?Canyousaysomethingaboutthepeopleinthepictures?①Theyareprimitive_people.②Tomakealiving,theyhadtohunt,makeafiretokeepwarm,pickfruitsandmakesomestoneorbonetools.Ⅰ.Fast-reading1．Readthetextquicklyandfillintheblanks.ThetextisaboutaguidedtripsomestudentsfromEnglandmadetotheZhoukoudiancaves,fromwhichtheylearnedalotaboutthelifeoftheearliestpeoplelivingthere.2．Findoutthethreetopicsthataretalkedaboutinthepassage.Topic1：LifeinthecaveTopic2：NeedleTopic3：NecklaceⅡ.Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．Wheredothecaveslie?A．Intheforest. B．Ontheseaside.C．Atthefootofthehill. D．Higherupthehill.2．Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderabouthowearlypeoplemadeclothes?a．removethefatandmeatfromtheskinb．cutuptheanimalsc．rubsaltontotheskind．removetheskine．sewthepiecestogetherA．b－d－c－a－e B．b－d－a－c－eC．b－a－d－c－e D．b－a－c－d－e3．Whichofthefollowingshowsustheearlypeopleandthemodernpeoplehavesomethinginmon?A．Peoplehanganimalskinstokeepoutthecold.B．Peoplenevergrowtheirowncrops.C．Peopleusescience.D．Peoplecareabouttheirappearance.4．Fromtheconversationwecaninferthattheearliestpeopleinthecaveswerevery________.A．busyandrich B．idleandlazyC．cleverandhard-working D．stupidandcruel5．Whatwillthegroupofstudentsmostprobablydonext?A．Theywillgointothecavestohaveacloselook.B．Theywillsaygoodbyetothearchaeologist.C．Theywillhaveanimmediatediscussion.D．Theywillcontinueaskingquestionsabouttheearliestpeople.答案：1～5DBDCAⅢ.Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Youmustbeawarethatit'sherethatwefoundevidenceofsomeoftheearliestpeoplewholivedinthispartoftheworld.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]你們想必都清晰，正是在這個(gè)地方，我們找到了居住在世界上這個(gè)地區(qū)最早的人類的證據(jù)。2．Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.[句式分析]Wehavebeen...sixmetresthick，↑引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整句話whichsuggeststhat↓引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句theymight...allwinter.[嘗試翻譯]我們始終在挖掘一層層的積灰，幾乎有六米厚，這意味著他們可能整個(gè)冬天都在燒火。3．Yes,indeed,asthebotanicalanalyseshaveshownus,allthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake.[句式分析]本句是復(fù)合句。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，表示“正如〞，先行詞是后面的整個(gè)主句allthefields...lake。[嘗試翻譯]是的，很對(duì)。植物學(xué)分析結(jié)果告知我們，這里四周曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)很大的淺水湖。[對(duì)應(yīng)同學(xué)課下力量提升(十七)]閱讀理解ABothofmyparentsworkedfull-timewhenIwasalittlegirl,somygrandmotherwouldstayatourhouseduringtheday.Wewouldwatchgameshowsinthelivingroom.OurfavoritewasThePriceisRight.Wewouldcalloutouranswersalongwiththecontestants.WhenIgotolderandstartedgoingtoschool,wecouldn'twatchourgameshowsregularly.Thatwasokaywithme,though,becausetheonethingIlikedbetterthanwatchinggameshowswithmygrandmotherwashelpingherbake(烘烤)cakes.Watchingherinthekitchenwasamazing:sheneverseemedtoneedtherecipesbuteverythingshemadetasteddelicious.AtfirstIwouldjustsitinthekitchenandwatch,eventhoughIdidn'tunderstandwhatshewasdoing.AsIgotolder,sheletmehelpwiththeeasyparts,suchasmeasuringthesugar.Thedaysheletmeseparatetheeggs,IfeltlikeIhadfoundpletepleasure.Atlast,myparentsdecidedthatIcouldtakecareofmyself,andmygrandmotherstoppedingovereveryday.Theloveofbaking,however,stayedwithme.Istartedbakingbymyself,andevenifthecookiesendedupburntsometimes,moreoftentheyturnedoutprettywell.Itriedoutnewrecipes,andwheneverIgottoathornypart,Iwouldcallmygrandmotherforadvice.SometimesIwouldcallherjusttotalk,too.IfeltlikeIcouldtalktoheraboutanything.Mygrandmotherpassedawaytenyearsago,butIstillthinkofhereveryday.Lastweek,Ifoundarecipebookshemadeforme.Itincludedherrecipesforbrownies,cookies,andmyfavorite,lemonpie.AsIlookedthroughthepages,IthoughtIcouldhearhervoice.Shewastheonewhotaughtmenotjustaboutbaking,butaboutlife.語(yǔ)篇解讀：文章敘述了作者小時(shí)候由于父母忙于工作，奶奶每天來照看她的經(jīng)受，在這個(gè)過程中，奶奶教會(huì)了她烘烤，她對(duì)此也是樂此不疲。文章布滿了作者對(duì)奶奶的思念。1．Thepassageismainlydevelopedby________.A．a(chǎn)nalyzingcausesB．makingparisonsC．examiningdifferencesD．followingthetimeorder解析：選D寫作手法題。依據(jù)文章每一段的(1)whenIwasalittlegirl；(2)WhenIgotolderandstartedgoingtoschool；(3)AsIgotolder；(4)myparentsdecidedthatIcouldtakecareofmyself可知，文章主要是以時(shí)間為線索來寫的。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。2．Whilehelpinghergrandmotherbake,theauthor________.A．turnedouttobeatroublemakerB．founditinterestingandappealingC．hopedtomakealivingbybakingD．regrettedmissingthegameshows解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段最終一句中的“Watchingherinthekitchenwasamazing...〞及第三段最終一句中的“Ihadfoundpletepleasure...〞可知，在關(guān)心奶奶烘烤時(shí)，作者覺得很好玩。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thorny〞inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A．Basic. B．mon.C．Difficult. D．Special.解析：選C詞義猜想題。依據(jù)畫線詞后一句“Iwouldcallmygrandmotherforadvice〞可知，只有遇到問題才會(huì)征求建議，由此可以斷定，thorny意思是“困難的〞，與difficult意義相近。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。basic意為“根底的〞；mon意為“常見的〞；special意為“特殊的〞。4．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Torememberhergrandmother.B．Toshowhergoodbakingskills.C．Totalkaboutherhappyfamilylife.D．Todescribeherchildhoodmemories.解析：選A寫作目的題。文章從作者小時(shí)候與奶奶相處開頭描述，始終到奶奶去世，始終在回憶與奶奶相處的歡樂時(shí)間，在最終一段再次提出，現(xiàn)在仍舊每天惦念奶奶。由此可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的就是思念奶奶。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。BUnderthecoldclearwaterofLakeHuron,researchershavefoundafive-and-a-half-foot-longpieceofwoodthatis8,900yearsold.Thewood,whichistapered(使成錐形)ononesideinawaythatlooksdeliberate,mayprovideimportantcluestoamysteriousperiodinNorthAmericanprehistory.“Thiswasthestagewhenhumansgraduallyshiftedfromhuntinglargeanimalstofishing,gatheringandagriculture，〞saidanthropologistJohnO'Shea.“Butbecausemostoftheplacesinthisareathatprehistoricpeoplelivedinarenowunderwater,wedon'thavegoodevidenceofthisimportantshiftitself.Wejusthavecluesfrombeforeandafterthechange.〞WithsupportfromtheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)andtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA),O'SheaandhiscolleagueGuyMeadowsbeganexploringtheareaseveralyearsago.In2009theyreportedfindingaseriesofstonefeaturesthattheybelievewere“drivelanes〞usedbyancientIndianhunters.Sincethatdiscovery,O'SheaandMeadowshaveworkedonidentifyinghumancampsites,whicharetypicallylocatedawayfromhuntingareas.Ontheir25-footboat,theresearchersfirstspottedtheancientwoodobjectusingasmallpieceofequipmentwithacamera.Thenateamofdivers—includingO'Shea—wentdownabout100feettogetit.Thewood'sagehasnowbeenfixedbymeansofcarbondating.Itiscurrentlyundergoingmoredetailedanalysestodeterminewhethertherehasbeenhumanmodification,whichvisualexaminationsuggests.“Thefirstthingyounoticeisthatitappearstohavebeenshapedwitharoundedbaseandapointedtip，〞O'Sheasaid.“Itmusthavebeencreated.Itlookslikeitmighthavebeenusedasatentpoleorapoletohangmeat.〞Inadditiontothewood,theresearchershavecollectedmanyothersamplesfromthebottomofthelake.O'Sheaandhiscolleagueswillneedtowaitforcalmerweatherbeforetheycanresumetheirsearchforevidenceofhumanlifeunderthegreatlake.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：考古學(xué)家們的新發(fā)覺有望印證遠(yuǎn)古人類從游獵文明到農(nóng)耕文明的轉(zhuǎn)變。)5．Duringthemysteriousperiodmentionedinthepassage,theLakeHuronarea________.A．wasdesertedbyancientIndiansB．witnessedthestartofagricultureC．wastakenupbylargeanimalsD．begantobecoveredbywater解析：選B推理推斷題。從第一、二段的“...mayprovideimportantcluestoamysteriousperiodinNorthAmericanprehistory...whenhumansgraduallyshiftedfromhuntinglargeanimalstofishing,gatheringandagriculture〞可知B項(xiàng)正確。6．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A．ThefindingsofJohnO'Sheaandhiscolleaguesmayproveaprevioustheory.B．TheeffortthatJohnO'SheaandMeadowsmadebefore2010wasmeaningless.C．Someequipmentwasusedtosupportthediscovery.D．JohnO'Sheaandhiscolleaguesdidn'tdrawthefinalconclusionfromvisualexamination.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段的“In2009theyreportedfindingaseriesofstonefeaturesthattheybelievewere‘drivelanes’usedbyancientIndianhunters.〞可知，JohnO'Shea和Meadows之前的討論也是有成效的。7．What'sthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howthewoodwasfound.B．Whythewoodisimportant.C．Preparationsthatweremadeforthediscoveryofthewood.D．Conclusionstheexpertshavemadefromthediscoveryofthewood.解析：選A段落大意題。本段主要交代了JohnO'Shea和同事們從何時(shí)開頭、使用何種方法找到了這塊木頭。8．WhatdoweknowaboutthefutureplanofJohnO'Sheaandhiscolleagues?A．Theywillexploreanotherlakesoon.B．TheywillstudytheweatheraroundLakeHuron.C．Theywillhavealongholidaybeforegoingbacktowork.D．TheywillcontinuetoexploreLakeHuron.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從最終一段的“O'Sheaandhiscolleagueswillneedtowaitforcalmerweatherbeforetheycanresumetheirsearchforevidenceofhumanlifeunderthegreatlake.〞可知答案。CScientistKathyBerrystartedthinkingaboutherownroutineofputtingsugarinhercoffeeandstartedastudytotesthowlittleroutinesinfluenceourexperiences.Thefirstexperimentinvolvedtwogroupsandeachparticipantwasgivenapieceofchocolate.Thefirstgroupwasaskedtorelaxandtheneatthebaratanytime.Thesecondwasgivenasetofdetailedinstructionstofollowbeforeeating.Thegroupthatwentthroughthespecificchocolateeatingroutineactuallyenjoyedeatingthechocolatemorethantheothergroup.Thekey,accordingtoresearchers,isinthedeliberateparticipationofthetask.Random(隨機(jī)的)movementsdidn'taddtothejoy.Peoplewhoparticipatedinasimpleroutinebeforeeating,particularlyafteradelaybetweentheroutineandconsumption,enjoyedthefoodmore.Whatresearchersfoundisthatwhenweparticipateinshortanddeliberatebehaviors,wetendtoenjoyourexperiencesmore.Thedatawassoclearafterfourdifferentexperimentsthatresearchersmaynowbeginlookingathowroutinescouldhelpusrecoverfasterafteranoperation,reduceourpains,andenlargeourlifeexperienceinotherways.IamamomoffourkidsbutI'vegotplentyofroutinesofmyown.Somearelittleandsilly.Othersarequietandpersonal,suchasmyroutineofmorninggratitude(感恩)andtheprayerattheendoftheday.Buttheyalldothesamethings—theyslowmedown,reducemystress,allowmetopauseandconnect,tobeepresentandtobemindfulofthemoment.Eachofthemdoeshelpmeenjoymylifeandthatoftenleadstogratitudeandappreciation.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。討論者通過試驗(yàn)發(fā)覺，人們的日常習(xí)慣會(huì)影響人們對(duì)生活的體驗(yàn)和感受。作者的經(jīng)受也證明白這一點(diǎn)。9．Inthefirstexperiment,theparticipantsofthesecondgroupwasaskedto________.A．haveashortrelaxationB．eatthechocolateatrandomC．giveapieceofchocolatetoothersD．followdetailedinstructions解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第三句“Thesecondwasgivenasetofdetailedinstructionstofollowbeforeeating.〞可知，其次組參加者在吃巧克力之前得到了一套具體的要遵守的指示。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。10．Whydidresearcherscarryoutthefourdifferentexperiments?A．Tofurtherconfirmtheresearchers'assumption.B．Topersuadepeopletojoinintheexperiments.C．Tofindoutthedifferenteffectsofdailyroutines.D．Toquestionabouttheresultofthefirstexperiment.解析：選A推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段其次句“Thedatewassoclear...fasterafteranoperation...〞可推知，討論人員做四次不同試驗(yàn)是為了更進(jìn)一步來證明日常習(xí)慣對(duì)人們的體驗(yàn)有樂觀的影響，可能會(huì)加快人們術(shù)后康復(fù)的進(jìn)程。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)，即為了進(jìn)一步證明討論者的假設(shè)。11．Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthattheauthor'sroutines________.A．makeherself-centeredB．havenoinfluenceonherlifeC．bringherabetterlifeD．changeherlifepletely解析：選C推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段最終一句“Eachofthemdoeshelpmeenjoymylifeandthatoftenleadstogratitudeandappreciation.〞可知，作者的日常習(xí)慣關(guān)心她更好地享受生活，讓她懂得感恩與觀賞。由此可知C項(xiàng)正確。12．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Healthyeatingcanbringpeoplemorejoy.B．Littleroutinescaninfluenceourexperiences.C．Experiencesdomatterinourdailylives.D．Livingalifeofgratitudecanmakepeoplehappy.解析：選B主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者的經(jīng)受以及討論者的試驗(yàn)都證明白人們的日常習(xí)慣會(huì)影響人們對(duì)生活的體驗(yàn)這一觀點(diǎn)。B項(xiàng)與文章中心全都，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。eq\a\vs4\al([課文對(duì)譯])AVISITTOTHEZHOUKOUDIANAgroupofstudents(S)fromEnglandhasetotheZhou-koudiancavesforavisit.Anarchaeologist(A)isshowingthemround.A：WeletotheZhoukoudiancaveshereinChina.ItisagreatpleasuretomeetyoustudentsfromEngland,whoareinterestedinarchaeology.Youmustbeawarethatit'sherethatwefoundevidenceofsomeoftheearliestpeoplewholivedinthispartoftheworld.We'vebeenexcavatinghereformanyyearsand...S1：I'msorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere?Thereareonlyrocksandtrees.A：Goodquestion.Youareanacuteobserver.Wehavefoundhumanandanimalbonesinthosecaveshigherupthehillaswellastoolsandotherobjects.Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.S2：Howdidtheykeepwarm?Theycouldn'thavemats,blanketsorquiltslikewedo.Itmusthavebeenveryunfortable.A：We'vediscoveredfireplacesinthecentreofthecaveswheretheymadefires.Thatwouldhavekeptthemwarm,cookedthefoodandscaredwildbeastsawayaswell.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.Wehaven'tfoundanydoorsbutwethinktheymighthavehunganimalskinsatthecavemouthtokeepoutthecoldduringthefreezingwinter.S3：Whatwildanimalswerethereallthattimeago?A：Well,we'vebeenfindingthebonesoftigersandbearsinthecaves,andwethinktheseweretheirmostdangerousenemies.Nowwhatdoyouthinkthistellsusaboutthelifeoftheseearlypeople?(showspictureofasewingneedle)S2：Gosh!That'saneedle.Goodness,doesthatmeantheyrepairedthings?A：Whatelsedoyouthinkitmighthavebeenusedfor?S4：Letmelookatit.It'satmostthreecentimetreslong.Ahyes,itseemstobemadeofbone.Iwonderhowtheymadetheholeforthe...S2：(interrupting)Doyoumeanthattheymadetheirownclothes?Wheredidtheygetthematerial?A：Theydidn'thavemateriallikewehavetoday.Canyouguesswhattheyused?S1：Wow!Didtheywearclothesmadeentirelyofanimalskins?Howdidtheypreparethem?I'msuretheywerequiteheavytocutandsewtogether.A：Ourevidencesuggeststhattheydidwearclothesmadefromanimalskins.Wecontinuediscoveringtoolsthatweresharpenersforothertools.Itseemsthattheyusedthesharpenedstonetoolstocutupanimalsandremovetheirskin.Thensmallerscraperswereprobablyusedtoremovethefatandmeatfromtheskin.Afterthattheywouldrubanampleamountofsaltontotheskintomakeitsoft.Finally,theywouldcutitandsewthepiecestogether.Quiteadifficultandmessytask!Nowlookatthis.(showsanecklace)S2：Why,it'saprimitivenecklace.Didearlypeoplereallycareabouttheirappearancelikewedo?It'slovely!A：Yes,andsowellpreserved.Whatdoyouthinkit'smadeof?S4：Letmesee.Oh,Ithinksomeofthebeadsaremadeofanimalbonesbutothersaremadeofshells.A：Howcleveryouare!Oneboneisac