新精講精練強化直通車gmatsc5代詞指代

GMAT句子更正考點解析之

代詞指代李鶴尊2015.7JackSparrow:Didnoonecometosavemejustbecausetheymissedme?Didnoonecometosavemejustbecausetheymissedme?Intendedmeaning:代詞(pronoun)：they先行詞(antecedent)：noone指代關系不能成立Didnoonecometosavemejustbecausetheymissedme?Itseemsthatnoonecametosavejackonlybecausetheymissedhim.Correct:Itseemsthatnopiratescametosavejackonlybecausetheymissedhim.指代關系：they-pirateshim-JackBarbossa:Therewasatimewhenapiratewasfreetomakehisownwayintheworld.Butourtimeiscomin'toanend.Ourenemiesareunited;theyvowtodestroyusTherewasatimewhenapiratewasfreetomakehisownwayintheworld.Butourtimeiscomin'toanend.Ourenemiesareunited;theyvowtodestroyusPirateswereoncefreetomaketheirownwayintheworld,buttheirtimeiscomingtoanend:theirenemiesareunitedandvowtodestroythem.指代關系由正確的代詞和先行詞構成基礎知識回顧1.I、you、he、she、we及其賓格、所有格和對應的物主代詞（mine、yours、his、hers、ours）和反身代詞（myself等）2.it、its、they、them、their（theirs）3.this、that、these、those4.不定代詞：everyone、anyone、someone、noone、none（neither、one、ones、little、few、many、much、both等5.there,here代詞的含義判斷MorepeoplelikeGMATthan____likeGRE.ApeopleBtheyCheorsheDitLiatetwowatermelonsathome,andthenhebought____onthestreet.AitBthemConeDtheone辨析：It,one,theone,that;they,ones,theones,those

指代同物，泛指同類，特指同類，特指同類；~辨析：themselves,eachother（oneanother）辨析：noone,none（neither）

noone僅指人，強調“沒有誰”的意思

none不僅指人，強調“數(shù)量為0”的意思

none（neither）of正確，noone不接ofGMAT的要求確保實現(xiàn)指代關系，避免代詞指代歧義第一類錯誤：無法指代代詞只能指代句子中出現(xiàn)，數(shù)量和性別一致的名詞性結構第二類錯誤：指代不明this、that、these、those單獨使用指代不明同類代詞在句子中反復出現(xiàn)理應指代相同代詞指代不應產(chǎn)生歧義明細知識點NounAntecedent原則：代詞必有可指代的名詞性先行詞先行詞在句子中應具有名詞性不能用it（this、that）指代語句先行詞必須在句中出現(xiàn)第一類錯誤：無法指代Wrong:e.g.Theparkrangersaimtopreventseverewildfiresthatcanbedevastatingtoit.Suspect:e.g.Thepark’srangersaimtopreventseverewildfires,whichcanbedevastatingtoit.Correct:e.g.Therangersoftheparkaimtopreventseverewildfires,whichcanbedevastatingtoit.Agreement原則：代詞和先行詞形式一致性別一致單復數(shù)一致特殊形式的單復數(shù)不定代詞（everyone,anyone等）不受此條約束Wrong：Theonlywayforgrowerstosalvagefrozencitrusistohavethemquicklyprocessedintojuiceconcentrate.（改編自：OG-080）Correct：them改為itWrong:SaltdepositsandmoisturethreatentodestroytheMohenjo-DaroexcavationinPakistan,thesiteofanancientcivilization

flourishingatthesametimeasthosedidintheNileDeltaandtherivervalleysoftheTigrisandEuphrates.（OG-089-D）Correct:…thesiteofanancientcivilization

thatflourishedatthesametimeasthecivilizationsintheNileDeltaandtherivervalleysoftheTigrisandEuphrates.（OG-089-A）thecivilzations換成thosecivilizations第二類錯誤：指代不明Repeat原則：同種代詞句中多次出現(xiàn)時須指代同一先行詞（形式主語、形式賓語除外）Wrong:Asababyemergesfromthedarknessofthewombwitharudimentarysenseofvision,itwouldberatedabout20/500,orlegallyblindifitwereanadultwithsuchvision.（OG-113-A）CorrectItisnotsurprisingthatmostpeopledon’tlikeGMAT,butLilikesit.其他形式主語、賓語(placeholder)舉例：ItisimportanttopracticeGMATeveryday.LifindsitimportanttopracticeGMATeveryday.NoAmbiguity原則：代詞對應著唯一可能的先行詞this、that、these、those不能裸奔如thosepeople、thisapple、somestudents中的this、that、these、those、some、any等是限定詞（det.）不是代詞，僅從句子意思上考察即可指代沒有其他可能性Christine:Thosewhohaveseenyourfacedrawbackinfear.Wrong:Aproposalhasbeenmadetotrimthehornsfromrhinocerosestodiscouragepoachers;thequestioniswhethertouristswillcontinuetovisitgameparksandseerhinocerosesaftertheirhornsaretrimmed.（OG-78-A）MakeSense原則：將代詞的先行詞帶入句中，表意應符合邏輯和常識主謂賓在一起表示出不合常理的含義Wrong:Althoughtheterm“psychopath”ispopularlyappliedtoanespeciallybrutalcriminal,inpsychologyitisapersonapparentlyincapableoffeelingcompassionorthepangsofconscience.（OG-131-D）Correct:Althoughtheterm“psychopath”ispopularlyappliedtoanespeciallybrutalcriminal,inpsychologyitreferstosomeonewhoisapparentlyincapableoffeelingcompassionorthepangsofconscience.（OG-131-B）可有的時候指代不明的選項也可能正確Marconiconceivedoftheradioasatoolforprivateconversationthatcouldsubstituteforthetelephone;instead,ithasepreciselytheopposite,atoolforcommunicatingwithalarge,publicaudience.（OG-105）Accordingtoarecentpoll,owingandlivinginafreestandinghouseonitsownlandisstillagoalofamajorityofyoungadults,asitwasofearliergenerations.（OG-085）Inherlaterpoems,PhyllisWheatley’sblendingofsolarimagery,Judeo-Christianthoughtandfigures,andtheimagessheborrowedfromancientclassicismsuggestsherrangeanddepthofinfluences,nottheleastofwhichisherAfricanheritage.

（Prep）完全可以接受的指代“歧義”平行指代（僅限主語及其修飾語）Catslikefish,buttheydon’tlikebones.就近指代Catsdonotlikebones,butdogslikethem.忍不了的指代歧義句子本義是就近指代，但語法上可以平行指代thequestioniswhethertouristswillcontinuetovisitgameparksandseerhinocerosesaftertheirhornsaretrimmed.（OG13-78-A）忍不了的指代歧義本義上既不就近指代，也不平行指代，但語法上卻可以MoroccowasalsoofinteresttotheFrenchthroughou