能源之星計(jì)劃與商業(yè)大廈的能源效率

IntroductiontoCommercialBuildingEnergyEfficiencythroughEPA’sENERGYSTARprogramWeek4:BenchmarkingBuildingsandPrioritizingImprovementswithinaPortfolioofBuildingsOutlineClassObjectivesENERGYSTARforCommercialBuildings—BenchmarkingBuildingsandPrioritizingImprovementswithinaPortfolioofBuildingsENERGYSTAREnergyManagementToolsBenchmarkingwithPortfolioManagerLiveDemonstrationBenchmarkingaPortfolioofBuildingsBuildingUpgradeManualGettingStartedonYourCommercialProjectBuildingClassObjectivesAftertoday’slecture,youwillbeableto:BenchmarktheenergyuseofabuildingusingmonthlyenergybillsandotherrequiredbuildingdataAnalyzeandexplainthebenchmarkingresultstoothersintheclass(andpossiblythebuildingowner/manager)usingdatafromPortfolioManagerGenerateaStatementofEnergyPerformanceandaDataChecklistfromPortfolioManagerforabuildingandreviewthedatatoconfirmitsaccuracyExplainhowtoidentifypriorityprojectswithaportfolioofbuildingsENERGYSTAREnergyManagementToolsENERGYSTARResources/buildingsGuidelinesforEnergyManagementSTEP1:CommittoContinuousImprovementSTEP2:AssessPerformanceSTEP3:SetGoalsSTEP4:CreateActionPlanSTEP5:ImplementActionPlanSTEP6:EvaluateProgressSTEP7:RecognizeAchievementsENERGYSTARResourcesBuildingUpgradeManual

Planandimplementprofitableenergysavingbuildingupgradesutilizingfivestages:RetrocommissioningLightingupgradeLoadreductionsAirdistributionsystemsupgradeHVACupgradeCashFlowOpportunity(CFO)Calculator

Helpsanswerthreecriticalquestionsaboutefficiencyprojects:Howmuchnewenergyefficiencyequipmentcanbepurchasedfromtheanticipatedsavings?Shouldthisequipmentpurchasebefinancednoworisitbettertowaitandusecashfromafuturebudget?Ismoneybeinglostbywaitingforalowerinterestrate?

BenchmarkingwithPortfolioManagerBenchmarkingBenchmarkingthroughENERGYSTARallowsyouto:CompareonebuildingagainstanationalsampleofsimilarbuildingsCompareallofyourbuildingsofasimilartypetoeachotherSetprioritiesforuseoflimitedstafftimeand/orinvestmentcapitalPortfolioManagerBenchmarktheenergyuseofallbuildings–receiveanenergyuseintensity(EUI).Manybuildings,includingofficebuildingscanreceiveenergyperformanceratingsona1-100scale.Trackchangesinenergyandwateruseovertimeinsinglebuildings,groupsofbuildings,orentireportfolios.TrackandreportcostsavingsandCO2emissions.ApplyfortheENERGYSTAR./benchmarkBenchmarkingMedicalOfficesOfficeBuildingsHospitalsWarehousesDormitoriesSupermarketsCourthousesK-12SchoolsBank/FinancialInstitutionsHotelsWastewaterTreatmentPlantsRetailStoresENERGYSTARScoreEligibleBuildingTypesHousesofWorshipDataCentersExamplesofNon-RatableSpaceTypesPoliceStationsFireStationsAssistedLivingFacilitiesConventionCentersLaboratoriesLibrariesMallsMovieTheatresRestaurantsStadiumsandArenasPortfolioManager

FourSimpleSteps1.Create/editaPortfolioManageraccount2.Add/editaproperty3.Add/editaspace4.Add/editenergymetersRequiredInformationforBenchmarkinginPortfolioManagerBuildingIdentifiersName,streetaddress,zipcodeforweathernormalizationSpaceTypeData(officeexample)Squarefootage,hoursofoperation,Numberofworkersonmainshift,#ofPC’s,Percentofgrossfloorareathatisairconditioned,heatedEnergyUseBldgspecificinvoiceinformationfromallpurchasedenergy.Beginwithatleast11consecutivemonthsforeachsourceandupdatewithmonthlyusagedata.EnergyUse:

HowtoReadaUtilityBillAssessPerformanceforSmartEnergyManagementVerifygainsfromupgradeeffortsRequirespecificratinggainsfromserviceprovidersinselectbuildingtypessuchasofficeorwarehouseIdentifyBestOpportunitiesforEnergyEfficiencyImprovements

Identifyunder-performingbuildingstotargetforenergyefficiencyimprovementsEstablishbaselinestosetgoalsandmeasureprogressTrackProgressOverTime

Setacustombaselineandmonitorenergyefficiencyimprovementsbefore,during,andafteranupgradeprojectViewpercentimprovementinweather-normalizedenergyuseintensityTrackreductionsingreenhousegasemissionsMonitorenergyandwatercostsDocumentSavingsResults

ProvidetransparencyandaccountabilitytohelpdemonstratestrategicuseofcapitalimprovementfundingQuicklyandaccuratelydemonstratesavingsforanindividualbuildingorentireportfolio:EnergyuseGHGemissionsWateruseEnergycostsDownloadperformancemetricsfromPortfolioManagerintoExcelGenerateaStatementofEnergyPerformance(SEP)foreachbuilding,summarizingimportantperformanceindicators,includingenergyintensityandCO2emissionsGenerateanEnergyPerformanceReportshowingreductionsinkeyindicatorsoverauser-specifiedtimeperiodVisit

/benchmark

togetstartedLiveDemonstrationBenchmarkingaSampleCommercialBuildingusingPortfolioManager/benchmark/LiveDemoAccessPortfolioManagerWebPageClickBUILDINGS&PLANTSontheENERGYSTARhomepage.ClickthePortfolioManagerlinktologinorcreateanewaccountClickPortfolioManagertoreadmoreabouttheratingsystem.(2)(3)(1)CreatinganAccountCreatinganAccountAddingaPropertyAddingaPropertyAdd/EditaSpaceAddingaSpaceAddingaSpaceAddingaSpaceAddingEnergyMetersEnteringEnergyUseExampleStatementofEnergyPerformanceObjective:TheSEPcanbegeneratedforpurposesotherthanapplyingfortheENERGYSTARLEED-EBcertificationprocessRealestatetransactionsMaintainingaFacilitySummaryReportProcess:UserselectstimeperiodofperformanceToolgeneratessummarywithenergyuse,cost,andemissionsfiguresGeneratinganSEPGeneratinganSEPGeneratinganSEPGeneratinganSEPBuildingInformationEnergyPerformanceVerificationofIndoorAirQualityBenchmarkingaPortfolioofBuildings(1)ClicktheImportFacilityDatalink,andonthenextscreen,rightclickonthedesiredtemplatelink.Select“SaveTargetAs,”andfollowtheinstructions.DownloadingImportTemplates(1)BesuretopopulatetheUser,Facilities,PrimarySpace,andEnergyUsetabswiththerequireddata.Additionaltabsareincludedforinstructionsandsecondaryspacetypes(ifany).NOTE:Thefollowingisanexampleofhowtousetheimporttemplate.Whilethisexampleshowsyouhowtoimportdataforanofficespace(generalorcourthouse)intothePortfolioManager,theprocessissimilarforotherspacetypes.UsetheFacilities,Space,EnergyUse,andWaterUsetabstofillintherequireddata.Foradditionalspacetypes,fillinfieldsforParkingSpace,

DataCenterSpace,andSwimmingPool(ifavailable).IntheUsertab,enteryourloginname,indicateusercontactinformation,andrespondtooptionalquestionsforEPAtrackingpurposes.ReadtheInstructionsandImportTipstabsforinformationontheimportprocessanddatarequirements.ImportTemplateOverviewToimportthedataintoPortfolioManager,e-mailthecompletedtemplatetobuildings@Populatedatafieldswithbasicfacilityinformation(Facilitiestab)SpaceUseinformation(OfficeSpacetab)

PopulatingandImportingDatafromImportTemplateEnergy

UsedataneededinPortfolioManager(EnergyUsetab)PopulatingandImportingDatafromImportTemplateHowtoAccessPortfolioManagerSingleBuildingManualEntryEnterbuildingandenergyconsumptioninformationintoPortfolioManager.BulkDataUploadUploadlargesetsofbuildingdatainPortfolioManagerusinganExceltemplate.AutomatedBenchmarkingServicesUseServiceandProductProvidertohavetheratingautomaticallyintegratedintoyourenergyinformationandbillhandlingsystemUtility-basedAutomatedBenchmarkingOption1:ProvideutilitydataOption2:ProvideautomatedbenchmarkingservicesENERGYPERFORMANCERATINGFacilitiesinthisrangemayreapsignificantsavingsfromconcentrationonsimple,low-costmeasures,suchasimprovedoperationsandmaintenancepractices.Equipmentupgradescouldyieldadditionalsavings.MAINTAININVESTThesetopperformingfacilitiesofferexamplesofbestpracticesaswellasopportunitiestogainrecognition.Continuetoimproveandmaintainsuperiorperformancebyfocusingonoperationsandmaintenance.Facilitiesinthisrangeofferthegreatestopportunityforfinancialandenvironmentalimprovement.Investinginnewequipmentandenhancingoperationalpracticesmayhavethegreatestimpactonyourbottomline.10075501ADJUSTOnceanenergyperformancebaselineratingisestablished,thenextstepsaretosetimprovementgoalsandcreateanactionplan.Theguidebelowcanhelpyouinterprettheratingsanddetermineappropriatenextsteps.RatingInterpretationBuildingUpgradeManualBuildingUpgradeManualAssistsorganizationsinplanningandimplementingprofitableupgradesOutlinesprocessfordevelopingcomprehensiveenergy-managementstrategyandintegratedapproachtoupgradingexistingbuildingsContentsManagingandPlanningUpgradeProjectsChapter1:IntroductionChapter2:BenchmarkingChapter3:InvestmentAnalysisChapter4:Financing5-StagedApproachtoUpgradeProjectsChapter5:RetrocommissioningChapter6:LightingChapter7:SupplementalLoadsChapter8:AirDistributionSystemsChapter9:HeatingandCoolingUniqueFacilityTypesChapter10:K-12SchoolsChapter11:SupermarketsandGroceryStoresChapter12:HotelsandMotelsChapter13:RetailStoresManagingUpgradeProjectStrategiesthatcontributetothesuccessofanymajorbusinessundertakingshouldbeappliedtobuildingupgradesBenchmarking(PortfolioManager)InvestmentAnalysisFinancingBuildingUpgradeManualIncludesafive-stageapproachthatincreasesfinancialandenvironmentalbenefitsrealizedRetrocommissioningLightingUpgradeSupplementalLoadReductionsAirDistributionSystemsUpgradeHVACUpgradeBuildingUpgradeManualRetrocommissioning

CalibratebuildingcontrolsAdjustoperatingschedulesChecksteamtrapsCleanheatexchangertubesincondenser,evaporator,andboilerCheckfilters,dampers,coils,andbalanceofHVACsystemLightingMaximizingdaylightQuantityandqualityofilluminationT8sandelectronicballastsCFLsPartialoutputballastsENERGYSTARqualifiedlightemittingdiode(LED)exitsignsExteriorlightingHigh-pressuresodium(HPS)Low-pressuresodium(LPS)Metalhalide(MH)ControlsOccupancysensorsDimmingDaylightdimming/switchingHigh-intensitydischarge(HID)

bi-levelswitchingCourtesy:ESOURCELightingTechnologyAtlas(2005)SupplementalLoadReductionsCourtesy:ESOURCE;adoptedfromEPAEnvelopeimprovementsWallandroofInsulationWindowupgradesInfiltrationcontrolRoofupgradesPurchaseENERGYSTARqualifiedproductsAirDistributionSystemsRight-sizefansystemUsevariable-speeddrivesConsiderimprovedcontrolsUseenergy-efficientmotorsandbeltsMaintainandcleanfiltersproperlyHeatingAndCooling(H&C)UpgradesMeasureH&CloadsRightsizeH&CsystemsEvaluatechillerupgrades/replacementsUsehigh-efficiencycomponentsPurchaseENERGYSTARqualifiedACs,ground-sourceclosed-loopheatpumpsCourtesy:ESOURCE;AdoptedfromEPAGettingStartedonYourCommercialProjectBuildingAnimatedPortfolioManagerTrainingPortfolioManagerQuickReferenceGuidePortfolioManagerDataCollectionSheetBenchmarkingStarterKitAnimatedPortfolioManagerTraining/ia/business/benchmarking_training/benchmarking.htmlStudentProjectOverviewStudentProjectTourabuildingwithaprofessionaltolearn1sthandhowtoidentifyenergyefficiencyopportunities;Identifyandseekpermissiontobenchmarkabuildinginthecommunity;Gatherenergybilldataandbuildingattributesneededtobenchmark;Scheduleavisittothebuildingtowalkthroughthebuildingtoconfirmbuildingattributesvisuallyandgainathoroughunderstandingabouthowthebuildingisoperating;Discussfindingsinclassandbrainstormsolutionstocost-effectivelyincreaseenergyefficiency;Researchandrefineenergyefficiencyopportunities;Writeabriefreportusingthebenchmarkingresults,informationlearnedfromvisitingthebuilding,andresearchedsolutions;andPresentthereportedrecommendationstotheclassusingavisualpresentationmediumsuchasaslideorvideopresentation.ReviewReviewQuestionsSetupaPortfolioManageraccount.Usingsampleofficebuildingdata,addanofficebuildingintoyourPortfolioManageraccount.Nameyourdemonstrationbuildingusingyourownlastname(ex.SmithBuilding)Shareyourbuildingwithprofessor'sPortfolioManageraccount(Professor'sPMacctusernameis:[insertusername])GenerateaStatementofEnergyPerformanceandDatachecklist.Handintoyourprofessor.UpNext:Week5DeterminingFinancialValueandFundingMethodsforBuildingEnergyEfficiencyImprovementsMakingtheFinancialCaseInvestmentAnalysisCashFlowOpportunityCalculatorBuildingUpgradeValueCalculator《化妝品術(shù)語》起草情況匯報(bào)中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心環(huán)境與健康相關(guān)產(chǎn)品安全所一、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的立項(xiàng)和下達(dá)時(shí)間2006年衛(wèi)生部政法司要求各標(biāo)委會都要建立自己的術(shù)語標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1ONE二、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)經(jīng)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研制經(jīng)費(fèi)：3.8萬三、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的立項(xiàng)意義術(shù)語標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有利于行業(yè)間技術(shù)交流、提高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一致性、消除貿(mào)易誤差，作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系中的基礎(chǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，術(shù)語標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系中均起著重要的作用。隨著我國化妝品衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系建設(shè)逐步加快，所涉及的術(shù)語和定義的數(shù)量也在迅速增長，在此情形下，化妝品術(shù)語標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定就顯得尤為重要。四、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制訂原則1.合法性遵守《化妝品衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督條例》、《化妝品衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督條例實(shí)施細(xì)則》中關(guān)于化妝品的定義。2.協(xié)調(diào)性直接引用或修改采用的方式，與相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的術(shù)語和定義相協(xié)調(diào)。3.科學(xué)性對于沒有國標(biāo)或定義不統(tǒng)一的術(shù)語，在定義時(shí)體現(xiàn)科學(xué)性的原則。4.實(shí)用性在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系中出現(xiàn)頻率較高，與行業(yè)聯(lián)系較緊密的術(shù)語優(yōu)先選用。五、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的起草經(jīng)過

第一階段：資料搜集

搜集國內(nèi)外相關(guān)法規(guī)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、文獻(xiàn)并對國外文獻(xiàn)如美國21CFR進(jìn)行翻譯。第二階段：2007年末形成初稿

初稿內(nèi)容包括一般術(shù)語、衛(wèi)生化學(xué)術(shù)語、毒理學(xué)術(shù)語、微生物術(shù)語、產(chǎn)品術(shù)語、人體安全和功效評價(jià)術(shù)語，常用英文成份術(shù)語等７部分。第三階段：專家統(tǒng)稿1.2007年12