2022-2023學(xué)年云南省下關(guān)重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二（下）期中英語(yǔ)試卷-普通用卷

第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages11頁(yè)2022-2023學(xué)年云南省下關(guān)重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二（下）期中英語(yǔ)試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）AAlcantaraBoatTrip

ThissailingtripbeginsonthereservoirofAlcantara，locatedinthenorthwestofExtremadura，neartheborderofPortugalandwithintheTajoNaturalPark—25，000hectaresofparkwhichspreadsacrossSpainandPortugal.

Price：?23peradultands19perchild（2-11yearsold）

Duration：3.5hoursMeetingpointontheAlcantarareservoir

HistoricCaceresWalkingTour

TheoldtownofCacereshasoneofthemostimpressiveartisticandhugecollectionsofbuildings.OneofthebestconservedinEurope，thisancientwalledcitywasdeclaredaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986.Walkingaroundthehistoriccentreyouwilldiscoverancientwalls，palaces，squaresandstreetsallstillingoodcondition.

Price：?54perperson

Duration：1.5hours

MeetingpointatPlazaMayor

Departureat11：00，17：00or20：00（summeronly）

TrujilloCulturalWalkingTour

ThisguidedwalkvisitsthemostoutstandingmonumentsofTrujillo，atowninhistory，whereitscastle，palaces，towersandhouseshaveagloriouspast.YouwilldiscoverthedevelopmentofTrujillo'shistory，itspeopleanditsmostbeautifulspots.FromthepointofTrujillo'scastleyouwillbeabletocapturethebestshots，whichduringtheeveningtourarebathedbythelightofthesunset.

Price：?54perperson

Duration：2hours

MeetingpointatCalleTiendas

Departureat11：30，17：00，18：00

WildlifeTourintheMonfragueNationalPark

Travellingina6-seatercar，withintheMonfragueNationalPark，youwillenteroneofthebestwell-conservedMediterraneanforestsintheworldwithalargevarietyofbirds，deerandotheranimals.

Price：?46perperson

Duration：4hours

Departureat10：00（retumat17：00）

MeetingpointinthetownofMalpartida1.Howmuchshouldacouplewitha13-year-oldkidpayforAlcantaraBoatTrip？______A.?19. B.?46. C.?65. D.?69.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutthetownofCaceres？______A.Ithaswell-preservedoldbuildings.

B.Ithasthemostimpressivebuildings.

C.Itattractsmanyvisitorsinwinter.

D.IthastheoldestwallsinEurope.3.Whichtouringactivitylaststhelongesttime？______A.AlcantaraBoatTrip.

B.HistoricCaceresWalkingTour.

C.TrujilloCulturalWalkingTour.

D.WildifeTourintheMonfragueNationalPark.BWe'vecertainlyseenadognursingawound，oradeercallingoutinpain.Butmanyanimalssufferinsilence.Themostsilentsufferersintheanimalworldmaybefish.

Dofishfeelpain？AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofLiverpoolhasfoundthatfishfeelpaininawaythat's"strikinglysimilar"tohumans.Forthestudy，LynneSneddon，fromtheuniversity'sInstituteofIntegrativeBiology，reviewedtheexistingbodyofresearch98studiesinallandconcludedthattheyfeelpainjustassharplyaswedo.

"Whensubjecttoapotentiallypainfulevent，fishshowchangesinbehaviorsuchasstoppingfeedingandreducedactivity，whicharepreventedwhenapain-relievingdrugisprovided.Infact，likeus，theybreatheheavilyandstopeatingwhenthey'rehurting.Theywillevenrubthepartoftheirbodythataches."Sneddonnotesinauniversityrelease.

Tounderstandpaininotherspecies，scientistslookatnociceptors（疼痛感受器），whichsendsignalstothebrainwhenthebodyisbeingdamaged.Humanshavethemthroughouttheirskin，bonesandmuscles.Nociceptorshavealsobeenfoundinmanyotherspecies，includingeventhosetinyfruitflies.

Fishhavethesamemeanstodetectpainsignalsandtheequipmenttoreceivethem.Besides，thefishermen'sopinionthatfishfeelnopainjustdoesn'taddupfromanevolutionaryview.Painisanefficientmessengerthattellsusthatwe'vegotaproblem.Ananimalthatcan'tfeelitwon'tgetthatmemo，evenifithurtsitself.

"Ifweacceptfishexperiencepain，thenthishasgreatsignificanceforhowwetreatthem，"Sneddonsays."Careshouldbetakenwhenhandlingfishtoavoiddamagingtheirsensitiveskinandtheyshouldbehumanelycaughtandkilled."4.Whatcanwelearnaboutfish？______A.Theyareinsensitivetopain.

B.Theyareabletosensepain.

C.Theywon'treacttopainkillers.

D.Theirbrainisthefirsttosendpainsignals.5.Whatwillafishdowhenitslipsgethurt？______A.Itmightrubitslips.

B.Itwillkeepitsmouthopen.

C.Itwillswimaroundlikecrazy.

D.Itwillkeepeatingtoforgetpain.6.WhatisthesignificanceofthestudyaccordingtoSneddon？______A.Peoplewilltreatfishinakinderway.

B.Peoplecanunderstandevolutionbetter.

C.Peoplecandevelopmoredrugstosavefish.

D.Peoplewillthinkofmorewaystocatchfish.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"addup"probablymean？______A.Disappear. B.Putforward. C.Makesense. D.Happen.CApplelostitsstatusastheworld'sonlytrillion-dollarpubliccompanyassharesslumped（股票下跌）followingdisappointingresults.

TheiPhonemakersaidthatitwouldnolongertellhowmanyiPhones，iPadsandMatsitsellseachquarter，claimingthefigurewasnolongerrelevanttoinvestors.Theannouncement，combinedwithaforecastforthevitalChristmasquarter，sentsharesfallingbymorethan7percentinafterhourstrading，knockingover＄70billionoffits＄

Apple'sfallcamedespiteitpostingrecordprofitsandsalesafteritconvincedconsumerstobuymoreexpensiveversionsoftheiPhoneinthethreemonthstotheendofSeptember.Duringthisperioditsold46.9millioniPhones，flatonthesameperiodlastyearandbelowwhatanalystshadexpected.However，ahugeincreaseinthepriceofeachphonemeantthatiPhonerevenues（收益）increasedby29percent.Onaverage，consumersnowpay793foreachiPhone，upfrom＄618ayearago.＄

ApplehassuccessfullypusheditsusersintopayingmorefornewerversionsofitsiPhonebyaddingnewfeaturesandbiggerscreensizes，evenassalesgrowthhasdecreased.Revenuesinthequarterincreasedby20percentto62.9billion，whileprofitswereup32percentto＄14.1billion，TimCookApple'schiefexecutive，saidsaleshadbeendisappointinginsomeemergingmarketssuchasIndia，TurkeyandBrazil.

ApplesoldfewerMaccomputersandiPadsthanayearago，butsaidrevenuesfromitssoftwaredivisionhadincreasedby17percent.Applesaiditwouldcontinuetosayhowmuchrevenueitmakesfromeachofitsproductlines，whichitclaimedwasamorerelevantfigurethanunitsales.8.WhatdidtheiPhonemaker'sannouncementcause？______A.Itcausedastablemarket. B.Itcausedadropinsales.

C.Itcausedweakershares. D.Itcausedanincreaseinsales.9.HowwerethesalesofiPhonesinthethreemonthstotheendofSeptemberlastyear？______A.Theywerebetterthanthisyear.

B.Theywerethesamewiththisyear.

C.Theywerenotreportedtothepublic.

D.Theyweremoreterriblethanthisyear.10.Whydidtherevenuesincreaseasthesharesslumped？______A.Thepricewasincreased.

B.PeoplesupportediPhones.

C.Thesaleswerebeyondexpectation.

D.TheiPhonemakerstartedapromotion.11.Whatisthesituationofthesalesinsomeemergingmarkets？______A.Ithasabigmarket. B.Itisnotverywellreceived.

C.Theunitsalesaregood. D.Itisunevenaccordingtoplaces.DHousingrankshighamongthenumerouschallengesthatstillneedtobeovercomebeforehumanscancolonize（征服）Mars.Thebravepioneersthatmakethesix-monthvoyagetotheRedPlanetwillneedaplacetoliveinassoonastheyland.Whilethebestsolutionwouldbetohavethestructuresreadybeforetheygetthere，ithassofarbeenachallengegiventhatmostconstructionrobotshavenevermadeitoutofthelaboratory.Now，theremaybeabitofhopethankstoMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology'snewlyrevealedDigitalConstructionPlatform（DCP）.

TheDCPcomprisesadoublearmsystemthatisfittedonatrackedvehicle.Asthelargerarmmoves，thesmaller，precisionmotorroboticarmbuildsthestructurebyshootingoutthenecessaryconstructionmaterial，rangingfrominsulationfoam（絕緣泡沫）toconcrete.TheteamofresearchersledbyPh.D.StevenKeatingsaythatunlikeother3-Dprintersthatarelimitedtobuildingobjectsthatfitwithintheiroverallenclosure，DCP'sfreemovingsystemscanbeusedtoconstructstructuresofanysize.

TheteamrecentlydemonstratedtheDCP'sbuildingskillsonanemptyfieldinMountainView，CA.Therobotbeganbycreatingamoldwithexpandingfoamthathardenswhendry.Itthenconstructedthebuilding，layerbylayer，usingsensorstoraiseitselfhigherasitprogressed.Thefinalproductwasasturdy"home"thathad50-footdiameterwallsanda12-foothighroofwithroomforessentialslikeelectricitywiresandwaterpipestobeinsertedinside.Evenmoreimpressive？Ittookamere14hoursto"print"!

Theresearchers'nextplanistomaketheDCPsmartenoughtoanalyzetheenvironmentwherethestructureisgoingtobebuiltanddeterminethematerialdensitiesbestsuitedforthearea.However，that'snoteventhebestpart.FutureDCPmodelsaregoingtobesolar-powered，autonomous，and，mostimportantly，capableofsourcingconstructioncomponentsfromitssurroundings.Thismeanstherobotcanbesenttoremote，disaster-strickenareas，andperhapseventoMars，tobuildsheltersusingwhatevermaterialisavailable.12.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph？______A.HousingpioneersonMarsisareality.

B.ColonizingMarsisoutofthequestion.

C.BuildingstructuresonMarsisinthetestingphases.

D.FindingaliveableplaceonMarsisatoppriority.13.HowdoestheDCPdifferfromother3-Dprinters？______A.Itconsumeslesstime.

B.Itcomesinmoredifferentsizes.

C.Itismoreenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.Itcanbuildmorediversestructures.14.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout？______A.ThesuccessfulcaseoftheDCP.

B.TheworkingprincipleoftheDCP.

C.TheinstructionsofusingtheDCP.

D.ThelimitationoftheDCP'sfunction.15.WhatmightbethebiggesthighlightoffutureDCP？______A.Beingpoweredbysolar.

B.Buildingsheltersanywhere.

C.Collectingbuildingmaterialsonsite.

D.Analyzingbuildingmaterialdensities.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）Chinahasbeenthebirthplaceofmanyoftheworld'sgreatestinventions.Itwas，forexample，thefirstcountrytoproducepapermoney.Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoin，peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.（1）______Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering（以貨換貨）.

（2）______In1200BC，peopleinChinabegantouseshellsasmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances，andallowedtradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.

Intheyearswhichfollowedthisinvention，manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame.（3）______Thenextdevelopmentwasin1000BC，whenChinastartedmakingbronzeandcoppershells.Itwasn'tlongbeforetheChinesemaderoundcoinsoutofmetal.（4）______By500BC，metalcoinshadbeguntoappearincountrieslikePersiaandGreece，andlaterintheRomanEmpire.

About1，000yearslater，leatherwasusedasmoneyinChina，andin806AD，thefirstbanknoteswereproducedbytheChinesepeople.（5）______

A.Astimewentby，tradebetweencountriesincreased.

B.Peoplealsobegancollectingforeigncoinsassouvenirs.

C.Theyalsousedtinyshellsasmoneyforbuyingandselling.

D.ItwasstillmanyyearsbeforepapercurrencyappearedinEurope.

E.However，astheeconomydeveloped，suchexchangesbecameimpractical.

F.Duringthattime，forexample，buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes.

G.Theveryfirstcoinsoftenhadholesinthemsothatpeoplecouldstringthemtogether.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）EventhoughitwasonlyOctober，mystudentswerealreadywhisperingaboutChristmasplans.Witheachpassingdayeveryonebecamemore（1）______waitingforthefinalschoolbell.Uponitsringingeveryonewouldrunfortheircoatsandgohome，everyoneexceptDavid.

Davidwasasmallboyinraggedclothes.IhadoftenwonderedwhatkindofhomelifeDavidhad，andwhatkindofmothercouldsendhersontoschooldressedso（2）______forthecoldwintermonths，withoutacoat，boots，orgloves.ButsomethingmadeDavid（3）______.Icanstillrememberhewasalways（4）______asmileandwillingtohelp.Healwaysstayedafterschooltostraightenchairsandmopthefloor.Wenevertalkedmuch.He（5）______justsmileandaskwhatelsehecoulddo，thenthankmeforlettinghimstayandslowly（6）______home.

Weekspassedandthe（7）______overthecomingChristmasgrewintorestlessnessuntilthelastdayof（8）______beforetheholidaybreak.Ismiledin（9）______asthelastofthemhurriedoutthedoor.Turningaround，IsawDavidquietlystandingbymydesk.

"Ihavesomethingforyou，"hesaid（10）______frombehindhisbackasmallbox.（11）______ittome，hesaidanxiously，"Openit."Itooktheboxfromhim，thankedhimandslowlyunwrappedit.IliftedthelidandtomysurpriseIsawnothing.IlookedatDavid'ssmilingfaceandsaid，"Theboxisnice，David，butit's（12）______."

"Ohno，itisn't，"saidDavid."It'sfulloflove.Mymumtoldmebeforeshediedthatlovewassomethingyoucouldn'tseeortouchunlessyouknowit'sthere."

Tearsfilledmyeyes（13）______IlookedattheprouddirtyfacethatIhadrarelygiven（14）______to.AfterthatChristmas，DavidandIbecamegoodfriendsandIneverforgotthemeaning（15）______thelittleemptyboxsetonmydesk.21.

A.cautious B.courageous C.serious D.anxious22.

A.modestly B.naturally

C.inaccurately D.inappropriately23.

A.popular B.upset C.special D.funny24.

A.expressing B.delivering C.wearing D.sharing25.

A.would B.should C.might D.could26.

A.aimat B.turnto C.putoff D.headfor27.

A.argument B.excitement C.movement D.judgement28.

A.school B.year C.education D.programme29.

A.relief B.return C.vain D.control30.

A.searching B.finding C.raising D.pulling31.

A.Holding B.Handing C.Sending D.Leaving32.

A.cheap B.empty C.useless D.improper33.

A.as B.until C.because D.though34.

A.advice B.support C.attention D.command35.

A.from B.behind C.over D.towards四、語(yǔ)法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

WhichmoviedidyouwatchduringtheSpringFestival？

TheWanderingEarthII，sequeltosci-fiblockbuster.TheWanderingEarth，wasthemostanticipatednewfilmonChineseticketingplatform.TheWanderingEarth（1）______（top）therankingsduringthe2019ChineseLunarNewYearfilmseason.

ChinesedirectorZhangYimou'sFullRiverRedwasalsooneof2023'smostanticipated（2）______（film）.ThenameFullRiverRedcomesfromapoem（3）______（write）byYueFei，amilitarygeneralwholivedduringtheSouthermSongDynasty（1127-1279）inwhichthefilmisset，andwaswell-knownforhispatriotismandloyaltytohiscountry.

HiddenBlade，starringTonyLeungfromHongKong（4）______ChinesemainlandstarWangYibo，wasalsoscheduledtopremiere（首映）duringthe2023ChineseLunarNewYear.Thefilmtells（5）______storysetduringtheWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseAggression（1931-1945）.

DeepSea，aChineseanimationfeature，wasalsoreleasedduringthe2023ChineseLunarNewYear.Thedirector，TianXiaopeng，isknown（6）______his2015animatedfilmMonkeyKing：HeroisBack，（7）______earned955millionyuan.Tiansaidinaninterviewthathe（8）______（spend）sevenyearsmakingDeepSea.Setunderwater，ittellsthestoryofagirl'sjourneyexploringthe（9）______（mystery）seaworld.

Filmcriticssaidhigh-qualityfilmswithboxofficeappealcan（10）______（effective）acceleratetherecoveryoftheindustryandpredictedthatthetotalboxofficeforthisseasonwouldexceed7billionyuan.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書(shū)面表達(dá)（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）37.你校正舉辦主題為MyEnglishlearningexperience的征文比賽。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇短文參賽，內(nèi)容包括：

1.你遇到的困難；

2.你是如何克服的；

3.你的建議。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

IwaswalkingalongtheroadtoschoolonedayandImetmyfriendRaine.Hesuggestedthatweskipschoolandgotothemovies.Irefusedasmydadwasveryfierceandstrict.Aftermuchpersuasion,Igavein.TherewasaWillSmithmovieonandIwasafan.

Sowesetofftothemoviestogether,boughtourtickets,popcornanddrinksandsettleddowncomfortably.Aswewereearly,thelightswerestillon.Wewatchedpeoplecomeingroups,familiesandtherewerecouplestoo.Someofthemlookedlikeschoolstudentsplayingtruant(逃學(xué))likeus.AsIturnedaround,IcaughtaglimpseofmyuncleAndyandAuntJanewalkingin.Theywerekindandcaredaboutmeverymuch.Isankintomyseatquicklytoavoidbeingspotted.IsignaledtoRainethattherewassomeoneIdidn'twanttoseeandRainemadeitmoreobviousbyturningaroundandasking"Who?Andwhere?"loudly.Itmademesitevenlowerinmyseat.

Tomakethingsworse,theycameandsatintherowbehindusandweresayingtoeachotherhowIwouldhavelovedtocometothismovieasIadoredWillSmith.Theywereevencommentingaboutthestudentsplayingtruant.SoonthemoviebeganandIwasgladwhenthelightswereturnedoffbutIdidn'tenjoythemovieatallforfearofbeingspotted.So,Isattherelikeanastronaut,peeringoverthefrontseat.

EverynowandthenIwouldsecretlytakeaquicklookatmyauntanduncle.Iwassuretheywerealsolookingatme.Feelingnervousandanxious,IkeptwonderinghowIcouldleavethecinemawithoutbeingnoticed.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Paragraph1:

Whenthemovieendedandthelightscameon,Iremainedseated.

???????_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Paragraph2:

Infrontofusweremyauntanduncle,waitingatthegate.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、D、A【解析】（1）數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)AlcantaraBoatTrip部分第二段句子Price：￡23peradultand￡19perchild（2-11yearsold）可知，每個(gè)成年人23英鎊，2-11歲孩子每個(gè)人19英鎊，可推測(cè)出13歲的孩子票價(jià)與成年人一樣，故兩個(gè)大人和一個(gè)13歲的孩子，總票價(jià)69英鎊。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HistoricCáceresWalkingTour部分第一段句子OneofthebestpreservedinEurope，thisancientwalledcitywasdeclaredaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986.（可知，這座有城墻的古城是歐洲保存最完好的古城之一，1986年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織宣布為世界遺產(chǎn)）可知，卡塞雷斯鎮(zhèn)擁有歐洲最古老的城墻。故選D。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Duration部分AlcantaraBoatTrip（Duration：3.5hours），HistoricCáceresWalkingTour（Duration：1.5hours），TrujilloCulturalWalkingTour（Duration：2hours）和WildlifeTourintheMonfragüeNationalPark（Duration：3hours）可知，持續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的是3.5小時(shí)，是AlcantaraBoatTrip。故選A。

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了四個(gè)旅游路線的具體行程安排、價(jià)格和時(shí)間等相關(guān)信息。

做這類(lèi)題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

4~7.【答案】B、A、A、C【解析】（1）B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．由第二段的句子"For

the

study，Lynne

Sneddon，from

the

university's

Institute

of

Integrative

Biology，reviewed

the

existing

body

of

research-98

studies

in

all-and

concluded

that

they

feel

pain

just

as

sharply

as

we

do．在這項(xiàng)研究中，來(lái)自該大學(xué)綜合生物學(xué)研究所的LynneSneddon回顧了現(xiàn)有的98項(xiàng)研究，并得出結(jié)論，他們和我們一樣感到疼痛．"可知，在這項(xiàng)研究中，從現(xiàn)有的98項(xiàng)研究得出結(jié)論，魚(yú)類(lèi)和我們一樣感到疼痛，說(shuō)明魚(yú)能感受疼痛，B項(xiàng)切題，A項(xiàng)排除．由第三段的句子""When

subject

to

a

potentially

painful

event，fish

show

changes

in

behavior

such

as

stopping

feeding

and

reduced

activity，which

are

prevented

when

a

pain-relieving

drug

is

provided．"當(dāng)受到潛在痛苦事件的影響時(shí)，魚(yú)類(lèi)表現(xiàn)出行為上的變化，如停止進(jìn)食和活動(dòng)減少，而當(dāng)提供止痛藥物時(shí)，這些都會(huì)被阻止．"

可知，魚(yú)受傷會(huì)停止進(jìn)食和減少活動(dòng)，而當(dāng)提供止痛藥物時(shí)，這些都會(huì)被阻止，所以對(duì)止疼藥有反應(yīng)，排除C項(xiàng)；由第四段的第一句"To

understand

pain

in

other

species，scientists

look

at

nociceptors，which

send

signals

to

the

brain

when

the

body

is

being

damaged．為了了解其他物種的疼痛，科學(xué)家們研究了傷害感受器，當(dāng)身體受到損傷時(shí)，傷害感受器向大腦發(fā)送信號(hào)．"可知，當(dāng)身體受到損傷時(shí)，疼痛感受器會(huì)向大腦發(fā)送信號(hào)，不是大腦發(fā)送的，排除D項(xiàng)．故選B．

（2）A．推理判斷題．由第三段的句子"

In

fact，like

us，they

breathe

heavily

and

stop

eating

when

they're

hurting．They

will

even

rub

the

part

of

their

body

that

aches．"

Sneddon

notes

in

a

university

release．事實(shí)上，和我們一樣，它們也會(huì)呼吸沉重，在受傷時(shí)停止進(jìn)食，甚至?xí)Σ辽眢w疼痛的部位．"

可知，魚(yú)受傷時(shí)和我們一樣，呼吸沉重，停止進(jìn)食，甚至?xí)Σ辽眢w疼痛的部位，可以推理出魚(yú)的嘴唇受傷時(shí)魚(yú)會(huì)摩擦自己的嘴唇．故選A．

（3）A．推理判斷題．由最后一段""If

we

accept

fish

experience

pain，then

this

has

great

significance

for

how

we

treat

them，"

Sneddon

says．

"Care

should

be

taken

when

handling

fish

to

avoid

damaging

their

sensitive

skin

and

they

should

be

humanely

caught

and

killed．斯奈登說(shuō)："如果我們接受魚(yú)類(lèi)遭受的痛苦，那么這對(duì)我們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待它們具有重要意義．在處理魚(yú)類(lèi)時(shí)，應(yīng)小心避免損壞它們敏感的皮膚，并應(yīng)人道地捕獲和殺死它們．"說(shuō)明研究魚(yú)會(huì)讓我們更小心地對(duì)待魚(yú)，盡量避免魚(yú)感受痛苦．故選A．

（4）C．詞義猜測(cè)題．根據(jù)劃線詞所在的句子"Besides，the

fishermen's

opinion

that

fish

feel

no

pain

just

doesn't

addup

from

an

evolutionary

view．Pain

is

an

efficient

messenger

that

tells

us

that

we've

got

a

problem．An

animal

that

can't

feel

it

won't

get

that

memo（備忘錄），even

if

it

hurts

itself．此外，漁民們認(rèn)為魚(yú)不會(huì)感到疼痛的觀點(diǎn)，從進(jìn)化論的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，也不（）疼痛是一個(gè)有效的信息傳遞者，它告訴我們，我們遇到了問(wèn)題．一個(gè)感覺(jué)不到的動(dòng)物，即使傷害了自己，也不會(huì)得到那份備忘錄．"可知add

up本意意為"相加、臺(tái)乎情理、說(shuō)得通、積少成多"．結(jié)合選項(xiàng)：A．Disappear消失；B．Put

forward提出；C．Make

sense講得通，有意義；D．Happen發(fā)生．故選C．

這是一篇議論文．文章講述了一項(xiàng)研究，研究表明魚(yú)可以感覺(jué)疼痛，魚(yú)感到疼痛后做法與人相似，會(huì)停止進(jìn)食和減少活動(dòng)；科學(xué)家們觀察了其它物種疼痛感受器，了

解了疼痛感受器是如何運(yùn)作的，Sneddon呼吁人們?nèi)说乐髁x地對(duì)待魚(yú)．

做這類(lèi)題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案．推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)．

8~11.【答案】C、B、A、B【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Theannouncement，combinedwithaforecastforthevitalChristmasquarter，sentsharesfallingbymorethan7percentinafter-hourstrading，knockingover＄70billionoffitsvalue.（蘋(píng)果公司的公告，加上對(duì)關(guān)鍵的圣誕季的預(yù)測(cè)，導(dǎo)致股價(jià)在盤(pán)后交易中下跌超過(guò)7%，市值蒸發(fā)逾700億美元。）可知，蘋(píng)果公司的公告導(dǎo)致股價(jià)下跌。故選C。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Duringthisperiod，itsold46.9millioniPhones，flatonthesameperiodlastyearandbelowwhatanalystshadexpected.（今年在截止9月底的三個(gè)月里，iPhone銷(xiāo)量為4690萬(wàn)部，與去年同一時(shí)期持平，不過(guò)低于分析預(yù)期。）可知，去年同一個(gè)時(shí)期的銷(xiāo)量和今年是一樣的。故選B。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段中提到itconvincedconsumerstobuymoreexpensiveversionsoftheiPhone（蘋(píng)果公司說(shuō)服消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買(mǎi)了更昂貴的iPhone版本）；第四段中提到ApplehassuccessfullypusheditsusersintopayingmorefornewerversionsofitsiPhonebyaddingnewfeaturesandbiggerscreensizes.（通過(guò)增加新功能和更大屏幕，蘋(píng)果成功地迫使用戶(hù)為新版iPhone支付更多費(fèi)用。）由此可知，雖然股價(jià)下跌，但是蘋(píng)果公司說(shuō)服消費(fèi)者為新功能、更大的屏幕花了比之前更多的錢(qián)，也就是價(jià)格上漲了。故選A。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Tim

Cook

Apple's

chief

executive，said

sales

had

been

disappointing

in

some

emerging

markets

such

as

India，Turkey

and

Brazil（蘋(píng)果的CEOTim

Cook表示在諸如印度、土耳其和巴西這樣的新興市場(chǎng)中，蘋(píng)果的銷(xiāo)量讓人失望。）可知，在這些新興市場(chǎng)中，蘋(píng)果并不是很受歡迎。故選B。

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作為世界上唯一的萬(wàn)億美元的上市公司，蘋(píng)果公司股票下跌；但是蘋(píng)果公司說(shuō)服消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買(mǎi)更昂貴的iPhone版本，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了利潤(rùn)的增長(zhǎng)。

做這類(lèi)題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

12~15.【答案】C、D、A、C【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的Whilethebestsolutionwouldbetohavethestructuresreadybeforetheygetthere，ithassofarbeenachallengegiventhatmostconstructionrobotshavenevermadeitoutofthelaboratory.（雖然最好的解決方案是在結(jié)構(gòu)到達(dá)之前做好準(zhǔn)備，但到目前為止，這是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)建筑機(jī)器人從未走出實(shí)驗(yàn)室）可推知，在火星上建造建筑物正處于測(cè)試階段。故選C。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的...unlikeother3—Dprintersthatarelimitedtobuildingobjectsthatfitwithintheiroverallenclosure，DCP'sfreemovingsystemcanbeusedtoconstructstructuresofanysize.（……與其他3

D打印機(jī)不同的是，DCP的自由移動(dòng)系統(tǒng)只能用于構(gòu)建任何尺寸的結(jié)構(gòu)）可知，與其他3

D打印不同，它可以建造更多樣化的房屋。故選D。

（3）段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段的TheteamrecentlydemonstratedtheDCP'sbuildingskillsonanemptyfieldinMountainView，CA.（該團(tuán)隊(duì)最近在加利福尼亞州山景城的一塊空地上展示了DCP的建筑技能）可知，本段主要介紹了DCP的成功案例。故選A。

（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的mostimportantly，capableofsourcingconstructioncomponentsfromitssurroundings.Thismeanstherobotcanbesenttoremote，disaster-strickenareas，andperhapseventoMars，tobuildsheltersusingwhatevermaterialisavailable.（最重要的是，能夠從周邊采購(gòu)建筑構(gòu)件。這意味著機(jī)器人可以被送到偏遠(yuǎn)的災(zāi)區(qū)，甚至火星，用任何可用的材料建造居所）可知，未來(lái)DCP的最大亮點(diǎn)是可以現(xiàn)場(chǎng)收集建筑材料。故選C。

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院（MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology）最新公布的數(shù)字建設(shè)平臺(tái)（DCP）將如何解決在火星上建房子的問(wèn)題的。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

16~20.【答案】F、E、C、G、D【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoin，peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.（在發(fā)明紙幣和硬幣之前，人們使用許多不同種類(lèi)的東西進(jìn)行買(mǎi)賣(mài)。）可知，在紙幣發(fā)明前人們用實(shí)物來(lái)買(mǎi)賣(mài)；選項(xiàng)F"例如，在那段時(shí)間里，買(mǎi)一只雞可能要花幾個(gè)土豆。"用一個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明那個(gè)時(shí)代用交換不同的東西進(jìn)行買(mǎi)賣(mài)，選項(xiàng)中的"Duringthattime"指代上文"Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoin"；下文Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering（以貨換貨）.（這種商品和服務(wù)與其他商品和服務(wù)的交換被稱(chēng)為物物交換。）對(duì)上文的這種買(mǎi)賣(mài)行為進(jìn)行了定義。故選F。

（2）聯(lián)系上文題。上文第一段講述了在發(fā)明紙幣和硬幣之前，人們使用以貨換貨進(jìn)行買(mǎi)賣(mài)；下文In1200BC，peopleinChinabegantouseshellsasmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances，andallowedtradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.（公元前1200年，中國(guó)人開(kāi)始使用貝殼作為貨幣。通常用作貨幣的貝殼都很小。這使得人們更容易遠(yuǎn)距離攜帶貨幣，并促進(jìn)了國(guó)內(nèi)不同地區(qū)之間的貿(mào)易發(fā)展。）說(shuō)明隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，新的買(mǎi)賣(mài)形式出現(xiàn)，以貨換貨被貨幣買(mǎi)賣(mài)所取代，在公元前1200年中國(guó)人開(kāi)始使用貝殼作為貨幣，貝殼便于攜帶，促進(jìn)了貿(mào)易的發(fā)展；E選項(xiàng)"然而，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，這種交換變得不切實(shí)際。"承接第一段，說(shuō)明隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展以貨換貨變得不切實(shí)際，此句承上啟下，選項(xiàng)中的"suchexchanges"指代第一段中的"bartering"，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。

（3）聯(lián)系上文題。由上文Intheyearswhichfollowedthisinvention，manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame.（在這項(xiàng)發(fā)明之后的幾年里，世界上許多其他國(guó)家也開(kāi)始這樣做。）可知，在中國(guó)人開(kāi)始使用貝殼作為貨幣之后，許多國(guó)家也開(kāi)始使用貝殼作為貨幣；由此可知，C選項(xiàng)"他們也使用小貝殼作為買(mǎi)賣(mài)的貨幣。"符合語(yǔ)境，選項(xiàng)中的"They"指代上文中的"manyothercountries"。故選C。

（4）聯(lián)系上文題。上文Itwasn'tlongbeforetheChinesemaderoundcoinsoutofmetal.（沒(méi)過(guò)多久，中國(guó)人就用金屬制造了圓形硬幣。）介紹了貨幣的進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展，即中國(guó)人制造了圓形硬幣；G選項(xiàng)"最初的硬幣上通常有洞，這樣人們就可以把它們串在一起。"承接上文，對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的圓形硬幣進(jìn)行描述，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。

（5）聯(lián)系上文題。上文About1，000yearslater，leatherwasusedasmoneyinChina，andin806AD，thefirstbanknoteswereproducedbytheChinesepeople.（大約一千年后，皮革在中國(guó)被用作貨幣，公元806年，中國(guó)人印制了第一張紙幣。）進(jìn)一步介紹貨幣的發(fā)展歷程，中國(guó)是最早發(fā)明紙幣的國(guó)家；D選項(xiàng)"許多年后紙幣才在歐洲出現(xiàn)。"說(shuō)明其他國(guó)家使用紙幣比中國(guó)晚了很多年，符合語(yǔ)境，選項(xiàng)中的"papercurrency"與上文"banknotes"意義一致。故選D。

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了貨幣在中國(guó)的發(fā)展過(guò)程，由實(shí)物交換到貝殼貨幣再到金屬貨幣，最后發(fā)明了紙幣，中國(guó)是世界上最早發(fā)明貝殼貨幣、金屬貨幣和紙幣的國(guó)家。

關(guān)于選句填空的做題步驟：

步驟一：快速瀏覽一遍備選答案，先確定哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：標(biāo)題，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。

步驟二：快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。

步驟三：分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。

步驟四：注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標(biāo)志詞。

步驟五：區(qū)分相似項(xiàng)。

21~35.【答案】D、D、C、C、A、D、B、A、A、D、B、B、A、C、B【解析】（1）考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；B.courageous勇敢的；C.serious嚴(yán)肅的；D.anxious焦急的，急切的。句意：隨著日子一天天過(guò)去，大家都更加急切地等待著最后的上課鈴聲。根據(jù)本句"waitingforthefinalschoolbell"可知每個(gè)人更加急切地等待著最后的上課鈴聲。故選D。

（2）考查副詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.modestly謹(jǐn)慎地；B.naturally自然地；C.inaccurately不準(zhǔn)確地；D.inappropriately不適當(dāng)?shù)?。句意：我常常想知道大衛(wèi)的家庭生活是什么樣的，想知道什么樣的母親會(huì)讓兒子在寒冷的冬天，不穿外套，不穿靴子，也不戴手套，穿著如此不合適的衣服去上學(xué)。根據(jù)本句"forthecoldwintermonths，withoutacoat，boots，orgloves."可知大衛(wèi)穿得衣服在這個(gè)季節(jié)并不合適。故選D。

（3）考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.popular流行的；B.upset沮喪的；C.special特別的；D.funny有趣的。句意：但有些東西讓大衛(wèi)與眾不同。上文中說(shuō)David穿得不好，下文中說(shuō)作者能記得的是大衛(wèi)臉上一直掛著微笑，總是樂(lè)于助人。由此說(shuō)明他很特別。故選C。

（4）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.expressing表達(dá)；B.delivering發(fā)表；C.wearing流露，穿著；D.sharing分享。句意：我還記得他總是面帶微笑，樂(lè)于助人。結(jié)合后文"asmileandwillingtohelp"可知此處指大衛(wèi)總是面帶微笑，短語(yǔ)wearasmile"面帶笑容"。故選C。

（5）考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.would將會(huì)；B.should應(yīng)該；C.might可能；D.could能夠。句意：他只會(huì)微笑著問(wèn)我還能做些什么，然后感謝我讓他留下來(lái)，然后慢慢地回家。結(jié)合上文可知事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，指大衛(wèi)總是會(huì)微笑著問(wèn)作者自己還能做什么，此處指過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作應(yīng)用