2021屆北京市五路居第一中學(xué)高三英語期中試題及參考答案

2021屆北京市五路居第一中學(xué)高三英語期中試題及參考答案第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)A“WhydoIfeelcoldwhenIhaveafever?”“Whydoesthesunriseintheeast?”IknewthedaywouldcomewhenmylittlegirlSophiewouldlearntotalkandinevitably（不可避免地）startaskingthosequestions.Thequestionsthemselvesweren’tworryingme.Iwasactuallylookingforwardtoseeingwherehercuriositywouldlie.Whatwasbothering（煩惱）mewaswhetherornotIwouldknowtheanswers.Intheageofthesmartphone,thismayseemlikeasillyworry.TheanswerstoalmosteverythingwouldbejustoneGoogleaway.Still,IstruggledwithhowIwasgoingtopreparetobecomeanall-knowingmother.Thenoneday,itstruckme:Ididn’tneedtohavealltheanswers.WhatagreatexampleIcouldsetifIletmydaughterknowthatI,too,wasstilllearning.AndIrealizedhowmuchmoreIcouldlearnifItookanotherlookatthingsIthoughtIalreadyknewtheanswertowiththecuriosityofachild.Mylittlegirl’smindisabeginner’smind---curious,opentonewideas,eagertolearn,andnotbasedonknowledgethatalreadyexists.IdecidedthatIwoulddealwithherquestionswithabeginner’smind,too.OnceIdecidedtobecomemorecurious,Istartednoticingthatcuriositywasbecomingmoreimportantintheworkplace,too.Itseemsthatleadersdon'tneedtohavealltheanswers,buttheydoneedtobecurious.Curiousaboutcuriosity,IsearchedforanswersandfoundAlbertEinstein’sfamouswords,“Ihavenospecialtalent.Iamonlypassionately（熱情地）curious.”WemightquibbleovertheviewthatEinsteinhadnospecialtalent,butthereisonethingforcertain---hewouldn'thavesolvedthepuzzlesoftheuniversewithouthispassionatecuriosity.ThenIcameacrossanotherEinsteinquote,“Theimportantthingisnottostopquestioning.Curiosityhasitsownreasonorexistence.”Theadvantageofhavingabeginner’smindisthat .peoplecanlearnmuchfaster.peoplewon'tbeafraidtomakemistakes.peoplearewillingtoreceivenewthings.peoplewon'tbeexpectedtoanswerallquestions.WhatdoestheexampleofEinstein’swordsshow?A.Einsteinwaspassionateaboutcuriosity.Einstein’squotesareveryfamous.Curiosityisofgreatsignificance.Curiosityismorenecessarythantalent.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“quibbleover”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?Fightagainst. B.Argueabout.C.Workout. D.AgreewithBMoveover,helicopterparents.“Snowplow（掃雪機(jī)）parents”arethenewestreflectionofanintensive（強(qiáng)化的）parentingstylethatcanincludeparentsbookingtheiradultchildrenhaircuts,textingtheircollegekidstowakethemupsotheydon’tsleepthroughatest,andevencallingtheirkids’employers.Helicopterparentingthepracticeofwanderinganxiouslynearone’schildren,monitoringtheireveryactivity,isso20thcentury.Somerichmothersandfathersnowaremorelikesnowplows:machinesmovingahead,clearinganydifficultiesintheirchildren’spathtosuccess,sotheydon’thavetosufferfailure,frustration（挫折）orloseopportunities.Itstartsearly,whenparentsgetonwaitlistsforexcellentpreschoolsbeforetheirbabiesarebornandtrytomakesuretheirkidsneverdoanythingthatmayfrustratethem.Itgetsmoreintensewhenschoolstarts:runningforgottenhomeworktoschoolorcallingacoachtorequestthattheirchildrenmaketheteam.Richparentsmayhavemoretimeandmoneytodevotetomakingsuretheirchildrendon’tevermeetwithfailure,butit’snotonlyrichparentspracticingsnowplowparenting.Thisintensiveparentinghasbecomethemostwelcomewaytoraisechildren,regardlessofincome,education,orrace.Yes,it’saparent’sjobtosupportthechildren,andtousetheiradultwisdomtoprepareforthefuturewhentheirchildrenaren’tmatureenoughtodoso.That’swhyparentshidecertaintoysfrombabiestoavoidgettingangryortakeawayateenager’scarkeysuntilhefinisheshiscollegeapplications.Butsnowplowparentscantakeittoofar,someexpertssay.Ifchildrenhaveneverfacedadifficulty,whathappenswhentheygetintotherealworld?“Solvingproblems,takingrisksandovercomingfrustrationarekeylifeskills,”manychilddevelopmentexpertssay,“andifparentsdon’tlettheirchildrenexperiencefailure,thechildrendon’tacquirethem.”4.Whatdoweknowaboutsnowplowparenting?A.Itappearedbeforehelicopterparenting.Itcostsparentslessthanhelicopterparenting.Itwasatypicalphenomenonofthe20thcentury.Itprovidesmorethanenoughservicesforchildren.WhatismainlydiscussedaboutsnowplowparentinginParagraph4?A.Itscost. B.Itsbenefits. C.Itspopularity. D.Itsending.Whydoestheauthormentionparents’takingawaycarkeys?Toshowteenagersarenobetterthanbabies.Toadviseteenagersnottotreattheircarsastoys.Toadviseparentsnottobuycarsfortheirteenagers.Toshowit’sappropriatetohelpchildrenwhennecessary.What’sthepossibleresultofsnowplowparentingaccordingtotheexperts?Childrenlackingproblem-solvingabilityinreality.Childrenmasteringmorekeylifeskillsthanparents.Childrengaininggreatsuccessineveryaspectoflife.Childrenmeetingnoproblemsorfrustrationaftergrowingup.CMikahFrye,a9-year-oldboy,waswalkingdownthestreetswithhisgrandmotherdiscussingChristmasgiftswhenhesawsomehomelesspeoplestrugglingtostaywarminthecoldnight.ThenhewasthinkingaboutawaytohelpthehomelesstospendawarmChristmas.ThatthoughtstayedinMikahFrye’smindandwhenhereachedhome,MikahinformedhisparentsnottobuytheMicrosoftXBoxgamingdevicehehadaskedforearlier.Mikahrealizedthatbynotbuyingthe$300device,hecouldinsteaddonateover30blanketstothehomeless.Heknewhowmuchitmeanttobewarminthecoldholidayseason.Threeyearsago,Mikahandhisparentsweretheoneslivinginahomelessshelter.Havingsufferedafinancialcrisis,theytoohadlosttheirhouse,notknowingwheretheirnextmealwouldcomefromandsharingablanketeverynight.Mikahwassixyearsoldthenbutherememberedwhatitwasliketohavetogivebackthatpreciousblanketeverymorning.Reachingouttotheemergencyshelterprogrammethatlookedafterthem3yearsago,thefamilydonated60blanketsintheend,eachwithapersonalizedmessageofhopeinMikah’shandwritingstating:“Theygavemeablanket,butIhadtoleaveit.That’swhyIwantyoutohaveyourownblanket.Today,Iliveinmyownhouse,andsomedayyouwilltoo.Yourfriend,Mikah.ThehomelesspeopleatthesheltermaynothavebeenabletogiveMikahaChristmasgiftinreturnbuthisgesturewasnotedbythebilliondollarcompanyMicrosoftwhomadesurethatMikahwasfooledintovisitingtheirstoresothatSantaClauscouldpersonallydeliveranXBoxfromthecompanytohimasarewardformakingthetopof“Santa’slistofniceboys”thatyear.WhydidMikahgiveuphisChristmasgift?A.Thedevicewasoutofdate. B.Hisparentshadatightbudget.C.HewantedtospendawarmChristmas. D.Hedecidedtodosomethingcharitable.WhatmadeMikahhaveabetterunderstandingofthesituationofthehomeless?A.Hisownexperience. B.Hisparents’education.C.Hisvisitingtotheemergencyshelter. D.Thecoldweatherduringtheholidayseason.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?ThehomelessgaveMikahagiftinreturn.HefinallygotthegifthewantedonChristmas.ThecompanyMicrosoftfooledMikahintobuyinganXbox.DMikahwroteathank-younotetotheemergencyshelterhelivedin.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?Mikah’sPreciousChristmasGiftMikah’sGivingWarmthonChristmasMicrosoftRewardedNiceBoysonSanta’sListTheHomelessNeededBlanketsonaColdChristmasDWhengirlsplaywithcars,they'reserious.ItwasatprimaryschoolthatGuHuijingfirstbecameinterestedincarsafterwatchingsomecar-themedmovies.Bornin2004inShenzhen,Guangdongprovince,Gudecidedtomajorinautomobiles（汽車）whenshewasinjuniorhigh.She'sdrivenbyinterest,butsheisalsoarealist.“Ithinkthefutureoftheautomobileindustryisbrightbecausewecannotlivewithoutfood,clothes,housesandcars,”shesaid.InApril,shewonfirstprizeatacompetitionforvehiclemaintenance（車輛維修）inDongguancity,whichdrew33teamsfromdifferentcitiesacrosstheprovince.“Ithoughtitcouldn'tbethathardtorepaircarswhenIstartedtotakecourses,butIwastotallywrong,”Gusaid.Whenshestartedlearningin2019,shewasfrequentlyconfusedbyvariousproblems.“Andcompetitionwithinourschoolisintense,soIhadtoworkextrahard,”shesaid.Herteacheroncetriedtopersuadehertogiveupasshewasasophomore（大二學(xué)生）,andwasn'tasknowledgeableastheseniors,andnowomenhadeverbeenselectedforthecompetitionbefore.“ButIinsistedthatIwouldcarryon,”shesaid.Finally,hertrainingandhardworkwonhertheonlyplacetostandforherschoolatthecompetition.Awomanwinningfirstprizeinavehiclemaintenancecompetitionbecameahottopicon-line,causingheateddiscussionsovergender（性別）andcareerchoices.“Womenshouldnotbeinfluencedbyold-fashionedthinking,andshoulddowhateverittakestodiscovertheirinterestsandstrengths.Therearemorepossibilitiesoutthere,”onenetizenwrote.Gusaid,“Manypeoplethinkvehiclemaintenanceisajobformen.That'swrong.Idon'tthinkgenderhasanythingtodowithchoiceofjobs.”“IhaveagoalandIwillworkhardertomakeithappen,”sheadded.“Iwillberesponsibleformychoices.”WhatwasacauseofGu'schoosingautomobilesashermajor?Theloveforautomobiles.Theguidancefromherparents.Thehighpopularityofautomobiles.Thedeterminationtocontributetosociety.WhydidGu'steacheradvisehertoquitthecompetition?Shelackedtheknowledgerelatedtoit.Shehadnevertakenpartinacompetitionbefore.Shewasunlikelytowinthecompetition.Womenwerenotallowedtoenterthecompetition.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesGuHuijing?A.Creativeandcaring. B.Determinedandhard-working.C.Independentandhumorous. D.Honestandcourageous.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?ThereIsNoEndToLearningTeenageGirlWinsCarRepairContestVehicleMaintenanceCatchesOnTakingChallengeLeadsToSuccess第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)HowtoReleaseWaking-upTirednessYawn!Ifyouoftenfeeltootiredinthemornings,evenifyou’vegot8hours’sleep,thenthisarticleisforyou.Wakingupstilltiredisprettycommon—butthatdoesn’tmeanit’snatural. 16 Thefollowingtipsmayhelp.Bodyscan.Whenyouopenyoureyes,evenifyouhavetomadlyturnoffyourannoyingalarm,liebackdownfor2minutestodoaquickbodyscan.First,takefourdeepbreaths. 17 Thiswillleaveyoufeelingverycalm.Saysomethingyou’regratefulfor.Thissimple,shortactgivesusamomenttotakeourmindsoffallofourresponsibilities,tasks,projectsanddeadlines,andallowsustoexpressthanksforanotherdayoflife. 18 Listentoyourfavoritesongs. 19 Thereisalistofrecordingsforwakingupandgettingupinashinymoodandyoucanpickanythingyoulike. 20 Havingsetsleepingandwakingtimeissoimportantforensuringyoufeelenergeticandhappyinthemornings.Yourbodybeginstoexpectsleepingandwakingup,makingitlesslikelythatyou’llwakeuptired.A.Keepyourroutine.Trytodevelopgoodhabits.Then,startfromyourtoesandfeet.Itwilltakeyoumuchenergytodoit.Musicwillmakeyouenergeticallday.Wedeserveapeacefulstarttoeachnewday.Thiscantake60secondsbutgivepeacetotheday.第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)Lastyear,Itookanimprovisational（即興的）comedyclass.Imadeasuccessfulattemptto___21___mycomfortzoneandtohavefun.Oneofthefirstthingsourteacher,MylesGoldin,toldustodowheneveranyonemadeamistakeduringanexercisewasto___22___ourhandshighintheairand___23___,“Wahoo!”Withinacoupleofminutesofstartingourfirstgame,somestudents___24___tocatchthevirtual（虛擬）ball.Suddenly,Goldinwasleadingusinaroundofyelling“Wahoo!”Goldinwasconveyingacentral___25___;Mistakesarenotonlyokay,they’renecessarybuildingblocksoflearningandcreativity.“Weshouldembraceand___26___mistakes,becausewecouldn’tgrowandcreatecoolthingswithoutthem,”shesaid.Anincreasingnumberofteachersarealsodoingsobyencouragingstudentsto___27___indirectexperimentation.Theyarereplacingthetraditional“sage（智者）onstage”teachingstylewith“___28___ontheside.”Studentsmustinsteadattempttothink___29___,guidedbyateacher’scarefulquestioning.Thisrequiresalotof30anderror.Alongtheway,studentslearnto31howfailureoftenleads-inadvertently（無意中）—tonewdiscoveriesandinventions.Onesuchprograminvolvesthedesignandconstructionofapinhole（針孔）camera.Studentsusematerialssuchasanoldshoeboxandoatmealcontainer,andmustapplyconceptsfromallfourSTEM 32 —science,technology,engineeringandmathematics.Despitetheapparent 33 ofthematerialsprovided,thechallengerequiresknowledgeoflightandoptics（光學(xué)）,engineeringdesignprocesses（suchasmeetingthecustomerneeds）,mathematicalmodelingandscientificexperimentation.Theresearchersfoundthatlearningoutcomeswerehigherforstudentsinscienceclassesthattakeastudent-centered 34 .Someoftheseeffectswerebothsignificantandsustainable（可持續(xù)的）.Forinstance,a 35 influencewasmeasuredonscoresforteststaken5.5monthsaftertheoriginalinstruction.Andtheresultsappearto 36 toallstudents—fromkindergartenthroughcollege.Learningfrommistakesishardlya（n） 37 teachingorlifephilosophy.Acenturyago,afterlivemonthsandmorethan9,000experiments,famedinventorThomasEdisonstillwasn’tabletomakeanewtypeofstoragebattery 38 ,accordingtoa1910authorizedbiography.Whenacolleague 39 allthatefforthadfailedtoproduceanyresults,Edisonretorted（反駁）:“Results!Why,man,Ihavegottenalotof 40 !Iknowseveralthousandthingsthatwon’twork.”21.A.stretchB.conveyC.establishD.cover22.A.shakeB.reachC.throwD.clap23.A.roarB.yellC.cheerD.crow24.A.struggledB.failedC.pretendedD.managed25.A.noteB.reportC.speechD.message26.A.celebrateB.approveC.supportD.avoid27.A.takeB.engageC.enterD.occupy28.A.competitorB.trainerC.guideD.partner29.A.positivelyB.criticallyC.personallyD.honestly30.A.intentionB.attemptC.judgmentD.trial31.A.appreciateB.enjoyC.valueD.observe32.A.exercisesB.regulationsC.disciplinesD.tests33.A.rarityB.hardshipC.varietyD.simplicity34.A.approachB.accessC.testD.chance35.A.primitiveB.predictableC.potentialD.positive36.A.fitB.contributeC.applyD.occur37.A.newB.uniqueC.advancedD.unknown38.A.solveB.moveC.workD.promote39.A.tookoutB.pointedoutC.handedoutD.pickedout40.A.inventionsB.experimentsC.batteriesD.results第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式WhenforeignerscometoChina,theymaybe___41. (surprise)atChinese’sspecialfondnessandpreferenceforseals.ToChinese,sealsareanartofdeepculturalroots, 42. combinestheessenceofbothcalligraphy(書法)andsculptureandinspiresgenerationstostudy,toappreciateandtocollect.Itisbelievedthatsealscameoutasearly 43. 8,000yearsagoafterourancestorscouldmakepotterywares(陶瓷)andhadprivateproperty.Theytriedtomakemarkson44.(they)ownpossessionstopreventthemfrombeingstolen.Whenthefirstdynasty 45. (found),thekingbegantousesealstoempower(授權(quán))andtoshowlordlycredits.Onlytheking’sspecialsealwasthencalled“Xi”，46.(represent)thehighestauthority.ThefirstemperorofChina,QinShiHuang,