2016年高考江蘇卷英語(yǔ)試題解析（精編版）（解析版）

試卷總評(píng)2016年江蘇高考英語(yǔ)卷總體難度較前三年有所降低，緊扣高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的教學(xué)要求，對(duì)考生在英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力、詞匯、語(yǔ)法、英語(yǔ)知識(shí)綜合應(yīng)用、閱讀理解、書(shū)面表達(dá)等知識(shí)和能力進(jìn)行了全面、深入的考察。注重基礎(chǔ)，貼近生活，努力將知識(shí)和能力的考查融為一體，難易結(jié)合，體現(xiàn)了英語(yǔ)高考改革的趨勢(shì)。聽(tīng)力部分沿用全國(guó)卷聽(tīng)力，除了Text10部分語(yǔ)速稍快，前面9段材料語(yǔ)速比較正常，總體難度不算大，和往年相似，考查的都是平時(shí)常用的功能性用語(yǔ)，考查形式以細(xì)節(jié)信息、語(yǔ)音辨析、意圖推測(cè)、結(jié)論判斷等題型為主。單選題中規(guī)中矩。單選部分同往年相同，強(qiáng)調(diào)在語(yǔ)境中理解詞匯的意思。側(cè)重對(duì)詞匯和詞組的考查，考點(diǎn)為名詞性從句、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞詞組、形容詞副詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、情景交際等，貼近生活。重視語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)，題量和重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)基本沒(méi)變，難度有所下降，只要學(xué)生正常發(fā)揮，不要受平時(shí)難題影響，應(yīng)該可以取得好的成績(jī)。完形填空講述了一個(gè)有關(guān)人生感悟的故事。仍以考查名詞、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞詞組和形容詞副詞為主，考查的詞匯為較常用的高頻詞。幾乎所有的答案都可以在上下文中找到串聯(lián)痕跡，這也是理解這篇完形填空的重要線索。閱讀部分題型設(shè)置沿襲過(guò)去兩年，難度有所降低，主要體現(xiàn)在詞匯、長(zhǎng)難句和對(duì)文章的整體理解上。設(shè)題以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題為輔。A篇是一篇介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程的說(shuō)明文。文章以短句為主，難度一般，做題時(shí)使用關(guān)鍵詞定位法可以直接在文中找到答案。B篇是一篇說(shuō)明黑猩猩的主觀能動(dòng)性的科技說(shuō)明文。與去年的B篇相比難度下降較多。C篇也為說(shuō)明文，主要介紹厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象。本文與時(shí)事結(jié)合較為緊密，話題也是考生較為熟悉的，但本文中的專業(yè)詞匯和長(zhǎng)難句是難點(diǎn)部分。D篇是記敘文，介紹了牙買(mǎi)加女運(yùn)動(dòng)員的勵(lì)志故事。難度較去年也有較大的下降，集中考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。任務(wù)型閱讀是這份試卷中最有區(qū)分度的，說(shuō)明了科技對(duì)人們生活的積極影響，文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，依然考查了考生在信息檢索、內(nèi)容歸納、語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的知識(shí)與能力。較難的概括提煉的部分，也是區(qū)分優(yōu)秀生和中等生的關(guān)鍵。書(shū)面表達(dá)＂舊瓶裝新酒＂延續(xù)前兩年＂讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)型＂寫(xiě)作，總字?jǐn)?shù)要求不變，凸顯了考生分析材料的能力，寫(xiě)作便于考生寫(xiě)出緊扣主題的個(gè)性化內(nèi)容。討論話題為＂網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票＂，建議使用＂with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)＂開(kāi)始，提出網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的積極作用和消極作用。我們可以根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的正反兩面性梳理好觀點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用多樣化的句式。注意事項(xiàng)考生在答題前請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀本注意事項(xiàng)及各題答題要求。1.本試卷共14頁(yè)，包含選擇題（第1題~第70題，共70題）、非選擇題（第71題~第81題，共11題）兩部分。本卷滿分為120分，考試時(shí)間為120分鐘。考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。2.答題前，請(qǐng)務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)用0.5毫米黑色墨水的簽字筆填寫(xiě)在試卷及答題卡的規(guī)定位置上。3.請(qǐng)認(rèn)真核對(duì)監(jiān)考員在答題卡上所粘貼的條形碼上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)與本人是否相符。4.作答選擇題，必須用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)的方框涂滿、涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。作答非選擇題，必須用0.5毫米黑色墨水的簽字筆在答題卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）做題時(shí)，現(xiàn)將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Havingabirthdayparty. B.Doingsomeexercise. C.GettingLydiaagift.2.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Helptheman. B.Takeabus. C.Getacamera.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.TellKate’stostop. B.CallKate’sfriends. C.StayawayfromKate.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inawineshop. B.Inasupermarket. C.Inarestaurant.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Keepthewindowclosed. B.Gooutforfreshair. C.Turnonthefan.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分） 聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthemangoingtodothissummer?A.Teachacourse. B.Repairhishouse. C.Workatahotel.7.Howwillthemanusethemoney?A.Tohireagardener. B.Tobuybooks. C.Topayforaboattrip.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates. B.Colleagues. C.Roommates.9.WhatdoesFrankplantodorightaftergraduation?A.Workasaprogrammer. B.Travelaroundtheworld. C.Starthisownbusiness.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Tobookahotelroom.B.Toaskabouttheroomservice.C.Tomakechangestoareservation.11.Whenwillthewomanarriveatthehotel?A.OnSeptember15. B.OnSeptember16. C.OnSeptember23.12.Howmuchwillthewomanpayforherroompernight?A.$179. B.$199. C.$219.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthewoman’splanforSaturday?A.Goingshopping. B.Goingcamping. C.Goingboating.14.WherewillthewomanstayinKeswick?A.Inacountryinn. B.Inafive-starhotel. C.Inheraunt’shome.15.WhatwillGordondoovertheweekend?A.Visithisfriends. B.WatchDVDs. C.Jointhewoman.16.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofGordon’scomingweekend?A.Relaxed. B.Boring. C.Busy.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhoisWangMing?A.Astudent. B.Anemployer. C.Anengineer.18.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthecollegejobmarketthisyear?A.It’sunpredictable. B.It’squitestable. C.It’snotoptimistic.19.Whatpercentageofstudentjobseekershavefoundajobbynow?A.20%. B.22%. C.50%.20.Whyareengineeringgraduatesmorelikelytoacceptajob?A.Theyneedmoreworkexperience.B.Thesalaryisusuallygood.C.Theirchoiceislimited.【答案】1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.C11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.B第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）請(qǐng)閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_________heorshewants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever答案是B。21.Itisoftenthecase_________anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.A.why B.what C.as D.that【答案】D【解析】試題分析：考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：通常對(duì)于那些心存希望的人來(lái)說(shuō)一切皆有可能。此句中It為形式主語(yǔ)，that從句為真正的主語(yǔ)。故D項(xiàng)正確?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句：由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，在大多數(shù)情況下不放句首，用it作形式主語(yǔ)來(lái)代替它的位置。常見(jiàn)的以it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句的句型有三種：一、It+be+形容詞+that從句.適用于這種句型的常見(jiàn)形容詞有：necessary，clear，true，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，obvious，surprising等。如：1.It’sclearthattheybadlyneedhelp。很明顯，他們急需援助。2.It’spossiblethatwecancarryouttheprojectatlast.最終我們有可能實(shí)施這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。當(dāng)表語(yǔ)為necessary，clear，true，strange,important,wonderful，possible,likely,obvious,surprising,astonishing,etc.等形容詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式一般為＂should＋動(dòng)詞原形＂。如：3.Itisnecessarythatyou(should)masterthecomputer.你很有必要掌握電腦。4.Itisstrangethatheshouldhavekilledhimself.真奇怪，他竟然自殺了。二、It+be+名詞詞組+that從句.常用于這種句型的名詞詞組有：afact，agoodidea，apity，anhour，ashame，nowonder，goodnews等。1.It’sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.你錯(cuò)過(guò)那部電影真是太遺憾了。2.—Tomhasabadcold.——湯姆患了重感冒?！狪tisnowonderthathelookspale.——難怪他看起來(lái)臉色蒼白。3.Itisagreatshamethatheshouldhavestolenapen.他竟然偷鋼筆，真是太丟臉了。注意：在句型＂Itis／was+名詞+that從句＂中，當(dāng)名詞為＂apity，ashame，nowonder＂等時(shí)，從句中要用＂should+動(dòng)詞原形＂(should可省略)。如：Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesoselfish。真遺憾，他竟然那么自私。三、It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句.常用的過(guò)去分詞有：said，reported,hoped,believed,expected,decided,well-known,thought,suggested等。1.Itiswell-knownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。2.It’sreportedthatthetwocountrieshavemadeanagreementabouttheirtrades.據(jù)報(bào)道這兩個(gè)國(guó)家就貿(mào)易問(wèn)題達(dá)成了一個(gè)人協(xié)議。當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞為表示建議，命令，愿望的詞如suggested，ordered，requested等時(shí)，從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。動(dòng)詞形式為：should＋動(dòng)詞原型。1.ItisrequestedthatMr.Wang(should)giveaperformance.有人請(qǐng)求王先生表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。2.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)discusstheproblem.有人建議我們應(yīng)該討論一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題?？键c(diǎn)：考查主語(yǔ)從句22.Moreefforts,asreported,_________intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.A.aremade B.willbemade C.arebeingmade D.havebeenmade【答案】B考點(diǎn)：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)23.Manyyoungpeople,most_________werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.A.ofwhich B.ofthem C.ofwhom D.ofthose【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。本題定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是Manyyoungpeople，關(guān)系代詞whom指代先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。故C項(xiàng)正確?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞作為一個(gè)整體，表示整體中的一部分，即表示＂部分與整體＂的關(guān)系時(shí)，用…ofwhich

/whom表示，這時(shí)不能用whose來(lái)代替ofwhich。表示所屬關(guān)系時(shí)，ofwhich/whom可以與whose互換。一、表示整體中的部分。如：1.Thebuses,

mostofwhich

werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.

公共汽車(chē)大多數(shù)都已經(jīng)擠滿了人，它們被憤怒的人群包圍著。2.Ipickeduptheapples,

someofwhich

werebadlybruised.

我揀起那些蘋(píng)果，其中有一些傷得很厲害。3.Iboughtadozeneggs,sixofwhichbrokewhenIdroppedthebox.

我買(mǎi)了一打雞蛋，六個(gè)在我掉盒子時(shí)摔碎了。4.Therearetwobottlesofcoke,

oneofwhich

isfullandtheotherofwhichalmostempty.

有兩瓶可樂(lè)，一瓶是滿的，另一瓶快喝完了。5.Thetreasuresomeofwhichhasbeenrecovered,hasbeensenttotheBritishMuseum.

這些寶藏已被送往大英博物館，其中有一些是失而復(fù)得的。二、表示所屬關(guān)系。如：1.He’swrittenabook,thenameofwhichI’veforgotten.

他寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)，書(shū)名我忘了。句中的thenameofwhich=whosename。2.Itwasanagreementthedetailsofwhichcouldnotbealtered.

這是一項(xiàng)細(xì)節(jié)不可更改的協(xié)定。句中的thedetailsofwhich=whosedetails?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句24.—Canyoutellusyour_________forhappinessandalonglife?—Livingeverydaytothefull,definitely.A.recipe B.record C.range D.receipt【答案】A考點(diǎn)：考查名詞辨析25.Hedidnot_________easily,butwaswillingtoacceptanyconstructiveadviceforaworthycause.A.approach B.wrestle C.compromise D.communicate【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗爭(zhēng)，努力解決；compromise妥協(xié)；和解；讓步；communicate交流，溝通。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析26._________somepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.A.Because B.If C.Unless D.While【答案】D【解析】試題分析：考查連詞。連詞because因?yàn)?；if如果；unless除非；while盡管；然而；當(dāng)……時(shí)；根據(jù)句意可知此處表轉(zhuǎn)折，所以使用while＂盡管＂。故D項(xiàng)正確?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】連詞while有以下不同的作用和含義：

一、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，

譯作＂當(dāng)……時(shí)＂。如：

1.

Make

hay

while

the

sun

shines.

烈日當(dāng)空照，勿忘曬干草。（乘機(jī)行事，抓緊時(shí)機(jī)。）

2.

We

must

work

hard

to

gain

more

knowledge

while

we

are

young.

趁著我們年輕，我們必須刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，獲得更多的知識(shí)。

二、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

。常放在句首，譯作＂盡管＂、＂雖然＂，比although或

though語(yǔ)氣要輕。如：

While

I

believe

it

is

true,

I

cannot

prove

it.

雖然我相信那是真的，但我無(wú)法證明。

三、引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句

。相當(dāng)于as

long

as，譯作＂只要＂。如：

1.

While

there

is

life,

there

is

hope.只要有生命，就有希望。

2.

While

a

spark

of

life

remains,

it

is

a

doctor’s

duty

to

save

the

patient.

只要病人有一息生機(jī)，醫(yī)生就有責(zé)任救他。

四、引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句

。相當(dāng)于since，有＂既然＂的意思。如：

1.

You’ll

never

save

any

money

while

you’re

so

extravagant.

你這么奢侈，永遠(yuǎn)存不下錢(qián)來(lái)。

2.

I’d

like

to

get

it

settled

today

while

we’re

at

it.

既然我們著手干了，我想今天就把它干完。

五、連接并列句

。表示對(duì)比，相當(dāng)于whereas，譯作＂而＂、＂可是＂。

如：

1.An

outdoors

man

will

soon

become

pale

if

he

changes

to

an

indoor

job,

while

a

desk

clerkwill

take

on

a

tan

after

a

short

vacation

in

the

sun.

從事室外工作的人如果調(diào)到室內(nèi)工作，不久膚色就會(huì)變白；而一個(gè)伏案工作的文員出去度個(gè)短假，就會(huì)被太陽(yáng)曬黑。

2.Motion

is

absolute

while

stagnation

is

relative.

運(yùn)動(dòng)是絕對(duì)的，而靜止是相對(duì)的。

六、連接并列句

表示遞進(jìn)，相當(dāng)于and

what

is

more,

譯作＂并且＂、＂而且＂。如：

1.The

new

man-made

fibres

are

more

hardwearing

than

natural

fibres

and

greatly

reduce

mending,

while

good

ready-made

clothes

are

cheap

and

plentiful.

新的人造纖維比天然纖維耐磨，因此能大大減少修補(bǔ)工作，而且做好的衣服價(jià)廉物美，數(shù)量也多?？键c(diǎn)：考查連詞27.Ifit_________forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.A.hadnotbeen B.shouldnotbe C.werenottobe D.shouldnothavebeen【答案】A【解析】試題分析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果不是因?yàn)榍皫滋焖难?qǐng)，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在這里了。故A項(xiàng)正確。【名師點(diǎn)睛】有時(shí)條件從句和主句所表示的動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上可以不一致（例如一個(gè)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，另一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反），這種虛擬條件句就稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句。在這種條件句中，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)具體情況進(jìn)行調(diào)整。如：1.Shewouldneverhavebehavedlikethatifshehadsomecommonsense.如果她有一些常識(shí)的話，她就決不會(huì)那樣做了。

2.IfIhadabike(now),Iwouldhavelentittoyouyesterday.假如我有自行車(chē)，昨天就借給你了?？键c(diǎn)：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣28.Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage_________withinthework.A.tohide B.hidden C.hiding D.beinghidden【答案】B【名師點(diǎn)睛】過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，表被動(dòng)；在時(shí)間上，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，與它所修飾的名詞有邏輯（意義）上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，已經(jīng)完成并具有被動(dòng)意義。作定語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般由及物動(dòng)詞變來(lái)，因?yàn)橹挥屑拔飫?dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)意義。如：1.

He

is

a

teacher

loved

by

his

students.

他是個(gè)很受學(xué)生愛(ài)戴的老師。

也有用不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的情況，一般作前置定語(yǔ)，它不表示被動(dòng)意義，只表示主動(dòng)意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成。如：fallen

leaves

落葉

retired

workers

退休工人

the

risen

sun

升起的太陽(yáng)

注意下面過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的幾種情況：

一、

單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，也可以放名詞后作后置定語(yǔ)，用以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。如：

1.We

needed

much

more

qualified

workers.

我們需要更多的合格的工人。

2.My

friend

is

a

returned

student.

我的朋友是個(gè)歸國(guó)的留學(xué)生。

3.They

decided

to

change

the

material

used.

他們決定更換使用的材料。

二、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)放在被修飾的名詞后面，作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：The

student

dressed

in

white

is

my

daughter.

=The

student

who

is

dressed

in

white

is

my

daughter.穿白色衣服的學(xué)生是我的女兒。

三、

如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no

+

thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞要放在被修飾詞的后面。如：There

is

nothing

changed

here

since

I

left

this

town.自從我離開(kāi)這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)以來(lái)，幾乎沒(méi)有什么變化。

考點(diǎn)：考查分詞作定語(yǔ)29.Dashan,who_________crosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.A.willbelearning B.islearningC.hadbeenlearning D.hasbeenlearning【答案】D考點(diǎn)：考查時(shí)態(tài)30.Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshave_________thankstothecomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.A.fallenoff B.takenoff C.turnedoff D.leftoff【答案】B【解析】試題分析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。falloff跌落，下降；takeoff起飛，成功，受歡迎；turnoff關(guān)閉；leaveoff停止，中斷；根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析31.Hiscomprehensivesurveyshaveprovidedthemost_________statementsofhow,andonwhatbasis,dataarecollected.A.explicit B.ambiguous C.original D.arbitrary【答案】A【解析】試題分析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱兩可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，專制的。故A項(xiàng)正確?？键c(diǎn)：考查形容詞詞義辨析32.—Onlythosewhohavea lotincommoncangetalongwell.—_________.Oppositessometimesdoattract.A.Ihopenot B.Ithinkso C.Iappreciatethat D.Ibegtodiffer【答案】D考點(diǎn)：考查交際用語(yǔ)33.Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrento_________theopportunitytojoinsportsteams.A.gainadmissionto B.keeptrackof C.takeadvantageofD.giveriseto【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查短語(yǔ)辨析。gainadmissionto獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入；keeptrackof記錄；takeadvantageof利用；giveriseto引起；根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。考點(diǎn)：考查短語(yǔ)辨析34.Notuntilrecently_________thedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.A.theyhadencouraged B.hadtheyencouragedC.didtheyencourage D.theyencouraged【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查部分倒裝。句意：直到最近他們才鼓勵(lì)在農(nóng)村地區(qū)開(kāi)展與旅游業(yè)有關(guān)的活動(dòng)。當(dāng)notuntil所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)，主句要使用部分倒裝。故C項(xiàng)正確?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句子的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,

does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。句首為否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ)如no,

not,

never,

seldom,

little,

hardly,at

no

time,

in

no

way,

not

until

等時(shí)，句子要倒裝。如：Nowhere

will

you

find

the

answer

to

this

question.

無(wú)論如何你不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。

2.

Not

until

the

child

fell

asleep

did

the

mother

leave

the

room.

母親一直到孩子入睡后才離開(kāi)房間。

Not

until位于句首引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。二、so,

neither,

nor位于句首時(shí)，表示"也"、"也不"

的句子要部分倒裝。如：1.Tom

can

speak

French.

So

can

Jack.

湯姆會(huì)講法語(yǔ)，杰克也會(huì)。

2.If

you

won’t

go,

neither

will

I.你不去，我也不去。三、only位于句首，且強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),句子也必須用部分倒裝。

如：1.Only

in

this

way,

can

you

learn

English

well.

2.Only

after

being

asked

three

times

did

he

come

to

the

meeting.

四、其他部分倒裝

的情況。

1.

so…that…

句型中的so

位于句首時(shí)，句子需倒裝。如：

So

frightened

was

he

that

he

did

not

dare

to

move

an

inch.

他害怕得很，動(dòng)也不敢動(dòng)。

2.

在某些表示祝愿的句型中。如：May

you

all

be

happy.

愿你們都快樂(lè)?？键c(diǎn)：考查部分倒裝35.—Jackstillcan’thelpbeinganxiousabouthisjobinterview.—Lackofself-confidenceishis_________,Iamafraid.A.Achilles’heel B.child’splay C.greenfingers D.laststraw【答案】A考點(diǎn)：考查諺語(yǔ)第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Yearsago,acriticaleventoccurredinmylifethatwouldchangeitforever.ImetKurtKampmeirofSuccessMotivationIncorporationforbreakfast.Whilewewere

36,Kurtaskedme,"John,whatisyour

37forpersonalgrowth?"Neveratalossforwords,Itriedtofindthingsinmylifethatmight

38forgrowth.ItoldhimaboutthemanyactivitiesinwhichIwas

39.AndIwentintoa

40abouthowhardIworkedandthegainsIwasmaking.Imusthavetalkedfortenminutes.Kurt

41patiently,butthenhe

42smiledandsaid,"Youdon’thaveapersonalplanforgrowth,doyou?""No,"I

43."Youknow,"Kurtsaidsimply,"growthisnota(n)

44process."Andthat’swhenit

45me.Iwasn’tdoinganything

46tomakemyselfbetter.Andatthatmoment,Imadethe

47:Iwilldevelopandfollowapersonalgrowthplanformy

48.Thatnight,Italkedtomywifeaboutmy

49withKurtandwhatIhadlearned.I

50hertheworkbookandtapesKurtwasselling.We

51thatKurtwasn’tjusttryingtomakeasale.Hewasofferinga

52forustochangeourlivesandachieveourdreams.Severalimportantthingshappenedthatday.First,wedecidedto

53theresources.Butmoreimportantly,wemadeacommitmentto

54togetherasacouple.Fromthatdayon,welearnedtogether,traveledtogether,andsacrificedtogether.Itwasa

55decision.Whiletoomanycouplesgrowapart,weweregrowingtogether.36.A.working B.preparing C.thinking D.eating37.A.suggestion B.demand C.plan D.request38.A.appeal B.look C.call D.qualify39.A.involved B.trapped C.lost D.bathed40.A.lecture B.speech C.discussion D.debate41.A.calculated B.listened C.drank D.explained42.A.eagerly B.gradually C.gratefully D.finally43.A.admitted B.interrupted C.apologized D.complained44.A.automatic B.slow C.independent D.changing45.A.confused B.informed C.pleased D.hit46.A.onloan B.onpurpose C.onsale D.onbalance47.A.comment B.announcement C.decision D.arrangement48.A.life B.progress C.performance D.investment49.A.contract B.conversation C.negotiation D.argument50.A.lent B.sold C.showed D.offered51.A.recalled B.defined C.recognized D.declared52.A.tool B.method C.way D.rule53.A.provide B.buy C.give D.deliver54.A.grow B.survive C.move D.gather55.A.difficult B.random C.firm D.wise【答案】36—40DCDAB41—45BDAAD46—50BCABC51—55CCBAD【解析】36.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)＂forbreakfast＂，可知我在吃早飯的時(shí)候遇見(jiàn)了Kurt。故D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。37.C考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)42空后＂Youdon’thaveapersonalplanforgrowth,doyou?＂（對(duì)于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)你并沒(méi)有計(jì)劃，是吧?）可知Kurt在問(wèn)我個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃是什么。故C項(xiàng)正確。38.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。appeal呼吁，吸引（通常與to連用）；lookfor尋找；callfor需要，需要；qualifyfor有資格，能勝任；當(dāng)Kurt提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，我努力找出一些個(gè)人生活中與成長(zhǎng)有關(guān)的事情。故D項(xiàng)正確。41.B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。我講了十分鐘自己的個(gè)人努力及成就，Kurt一直耐心地聽(tīng)我講。故B項(xiàng)正確。42.D考查副詞辨析。Kurt耐心地聽(tīng)我講了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，最后他笑著對(duì)我說(shuō)：＂對(duì)于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)你并沒(méi)有計(jì)劃，是吧？＂eagerly熱切地；gradually逐漸地；gratefully感激地；finally最后。故D項(xiàng)正確。43.A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。＂Youdon’thaveapersonalplanforgrowth,doyou?＂是一個(gè)否定的反義疑問(wèn)句，在回答的時(shí)候＂No＂翻譯為＂是的＂。說(shuō)明我承認(rèn)自己并沒(méi)有個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃。故A項(xiàng)正確。44.A考查形容詞辨析。automatic自動(dòng)的；slow緩慢的；independent獨(dú)立的；changing不斷變化的；Kurt告訴我成長(zhǎng)并不是一個(gè)自動(dòng)的過(guò)程，一定要有計(jì)劃性，有計(jì)劃的個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)才是有效的成長(zhǎng)。從那以后我意識(shí)到自己在這方面的缺乏并作出改變。故選A項(xiàng)。45.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Kurt的話觸動(dòng)了我，我的確沒(méi)有有意識(shí)地做一些事情讓自己變得更好。故D項(xiàng)正確。46.B考查介詞辨析。onloan暫借；onpurpose故意地；onsale降價(jià)出售；onbalance總的來(lái)說(shuō)。他的話讓我意識(shí)到自己的確沒(méi)有有意識(shí)地做一些讓自己變得更好的事情。故B項(xiàng)正確。47.C考查名詞辨析。comment評(píng)論；announcement通告；decision決定；arrangement安排。此處是說(shuō)，我做出了一個(gè)決定：要為我的生活做一個(gè)個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃。故C項(xiàng)正確。48.A考查名詞辨析。life生活；progress進(jìn)步；performance表演；investment投資。由上下文可知A項(xiàng)正確。49.B考查名詞辨析。contract合同，契約；conversation對(duì)話；negotiation談判；協(xié)商；argument爭(zhēng)論。此處是說(shuō)，我把我和Kurt的談話告訴了妻子。故B項(xiàng)正確。50.C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。我向妻子展示了Kurt正在出售的書(shū)和磁帶。故C項(xiàng)正確。51.C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。我們意識(shí)到他并不是想向我們兜售自己的書(shū)，而是給了我們一個(gè)改變生活和實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的方法。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。52.C考查名詞辨析。Kurt給了我們一個(gè)改變生活和實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的方法。故C項(xiàng)正確?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】完形填空的首句往往開(kāi)宗明義，是文章的主題。細(xì)讀首句可啟示全文。而尾句又往往是對(duì)文章主題的總結(jié)。所以，它們是了解文章大意的一個(gè)窗口，對(duì)我們理解全文有著重要的啟示作用。因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，尋找文章的脈絡(luò)與線索。一般來(lái)講，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳讀這兩句，便可判斷體裁，猜想它要講什么。若首句交代了when,

where,

who,

what即四個(gè)W，那么就是記敘文，很可能就是一個(gè)故事，為了測(cè)試語(yǔ)篇的理解能力，出題者特別注意選材的趣味性，其結(jié)尾往往出人意料，耐人尋味。以本文為例，作者在前兩句中提及到時(shí)間：yearsago，forbreakfast；人物：I，Kurt說(shuō)明敘述的是多年之前在吃早飯的時(shí)候，我和Kurt進(jìn)行的一番談話。另外完形填空題中對(duì)詞匯知識(shí)的考查，主要體現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣用法和同義詞、近義詞的辨析兩方面。習(xí)慣用法是英語(yǔ)中某種固定的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)，即所謂的＂習(xí)語(yǔ)＂，不能隨意改動(dòng)。所以，考生平時(shí)應(yīng)掌握好習(xí)慣用法。近年完形填空對(duì)詞義辨析題的考查有加大力度的趨勢(shì)。要做好這類(lèi)題，需要有較大的詞匯量和詞語(yǔ)搭配能力、詞語(yǔ)辨析能力，特別是在特定的語(yǔ)境中能靈活運(yùn)用的能力。第38、39、46題均考查的是詞匯知識(shí)的辨析。同時(shí)我們利用復(fù)現(xiàn)信息解題。語(yǔ)篇復(fù)現(xiàn)的信息包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、上義詞和下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。語(yǔ)篇中有詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象，如與語(yǔ)篇話題相關(guān)、意義相關(guān)的詞匯同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)，同義同現(xiàn)，修飾同現(xiàn)，因果同現(xiàn)等。因此，利用上下文尋找解題信息，確定正確答案?？键c(diǎn)：考查記敘文閱讀第三部分：閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）請(qǐng)閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADayschoolProgramSecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard(TDSB)areinvitedtotakeoneortwoe-Learningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Studentswillremainontherollattheirdayschool.Theon-lineclassroomprovidesaninnovative,relevantandinteractivelearningenvironment.Thecoursesandon-lineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducation.Theseon-linecoursesaretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers;arepartoftheTDSBStudent’stimetable;andappearontheStudent’sreportuponcompletion.Benefitsofe-LearningInclude:accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool;usingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation:and,assistancetosolvetimetableconflicts.Ise-LearningforYou?Studentswhoaresuccessfulinanon-linecourseareusually:abletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities;capableofworkingindependentlyinaresponsibleandhonestmanner;and,abletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithinternetaccess.Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron-linecourseworkastheywouldinaface-to-faceclassroomcourse.56.E-LearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat_________.A.theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachersB.theyarenotonthedayschooltimetableC.theyarenotincludedonstudents’reportsD.theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses57.Whatdostudentsneedtodobeforecompletinge-Learningcourses?A.Tolearninformationtechnologyon-line.B.Todotheirassignmentsindependently.C.Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly.D.Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.【答案】56.D57.B【名師點(diǎn)睛】在完成廣告類(lèi)文章閱讀時(shí)，我們可以使用題干定向法和排除法解題。一、題干定向法：如果題干的問(wèn)題與原文中的相應(yīng)句段基本相同，則可直接對(duì)號(hào)入座；如果題干的問(wèn)題與原文中的相應(yīng)句段有較大出入，則要進(jìn)行一定的處理，這個(gè)＂處理＂是多方面的，它可能包括對(duì)原文進(jìn)行同義變換、對(duì)概念進(jìn)行解析、對(duì)事實(shí)進(jìn)行歸納、將具體問(wèn)題抽象化或?qū)⒊橄髥?wèn)題具體化、將文中提到的原則或規(guī)則進(jìn)行實(shí)際運(yùn)用等等。

以第56題為例，根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容，定位于Benefitsofe-Learning部分accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool可知e-Learning中的一些課程是TDSB課程的一些有益的補(bǔ)充。二、錯(cuò)誤排除法：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，對(duì)于那些與文意明顯不符或與文章內(nèi)容不相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)比較容易排除，但有些選項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容相符，卻與題干問(wèn)題不吻合，即屬答非所問(wèn)的情形，也應(yīng)作為錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)予以排除，尤其是那些從文章中摘錄的句子，要特別小心，它們很有可能是干擾項(xiàng)。除了驗(yàn)證其是否能回答所提問(wèn)題外，還要看它是否回答了問(wèn)題的主要方面，也就是說(shuō)看它是不是最佳答案，如果它只能回答所提問(wèn)題的一個(gè)側(cè)面或還有比它更合適的選項(xiàng)，都要毫不猶豫地將其排除。

考點(diǎn)：考查廣告類(lèi)閱讀BChimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(認(rèn)知的)skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa"we",agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.58.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?A.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.C.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’food.D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.59.MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey

_______.A.havetheinstincttohelpothers B.knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC.knowtheworldbetterthanchimps D.trustadultswiththeirhandsfull60.Thepassageismainlyabout

_________.A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB.waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionalityC.cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren【答案】58.A59.A60.C59.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.和第四段第一句Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.可知A項(xiàng)正確。60.C主旨大意題。本文屬于科普說(shuō)明文，作者從猩猩的自私行為導(dǎo)入到人類(lèi)無(wú)私幫助他人的本能，分析了人類(lèi)愿意幫助他人、愿意與他人合作的本能的原因。A、B、D項(xiàng)都屬于文章的部分內(nèi)容，并非中心思想。故C項(xiàng)正確?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本文第60小題是主旨大意題。本文使用了正方形寫(xiě)作法。即中心主題隱含在全文之中，沒(méi)有明確的主題句。閱讀這樣的文章，就要求考生根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。該類(lèi)型的試題則迎刃而解。注意總結(jié)性的提示詞和轉(zhuǎn)折詞，特別要注意中心句。（自然段少的文章中心句不很明顯。自然段多的文章，則比較好聯(lián)系中心句，找一個(gè)和中心句最貼近的選項(xiàng)），文章段落的中間部分則可采用略讀或掃讀的方式，一則省時(shí)間，二則目標(biāo)明確，正確率自然也相應(yīng)提高了。掌握了找主題句或中心句的方法，就可以依據(jù)主題句或中心句歸納主題?？忌貏e注意：

首段陷阱。即首段雖然貌似主題句或中心句，但卻沒(méi)有完整概括文章全意，或只片面地說(shuō)到文章的某一個(gè)層次。這樣的信息用來(lái)做主題句或中心句就會(huì)落入陷阱。以本文為例：本文的第一段只是一個(gè)導(dǎo)入的段落，從第一段中猩猩的自私行為導(dǎo)入到第三段中人類(lèi)無(wú)私幫助他人的本能，分析了人類(lèi)愿意幫助他人、愿意與他人合作的本能天性的原因?？键c(diǎn)：考查科普說(shuō)明文閱讀CElNi?o,aSpanishtermfor"theChristchild,"wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNi?oseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNi?oinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.Ittakesplacealmost