全國(guó)翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語(yǔ)二級(jí)口譯綜合能力試題（網(wǎng)友回憶版）二

全國(guó)翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語(yǔ)二級(jí)口譯綜合能力試題（網(wǎng)友回憶版）二[單選題]1.Whichofthefollowingst（江南博哥）atementsisdivueaccordingtowhatyouhear?A.Thegrowthratein2003islowerthanthatofthepreviousyear.B.Thisyearthegovernmentwillcontinuetosupportlendingandinvestmentinconsdivuction.C.Thegovernmentwillcutstatebondsby35％in2004.D.Statebondsissuedtofinanceconsdivuctionwillbe$3.6billionlessthisyearthanlast.參考答案：D參考解析：特定信息找尋和判斷。錄音中提到“…governmentwouldreducetheissuanceofstatebondsintendedtofinanceconstructionbyabout$3.6billion,or25percent…”，reduce…by…表示減少的幅度，可知政府發(fā)行的用于為建設(shè)提供資金的國(guó)債會(huì)比之前減少$3.6billion（36億美元）。因此選項(xiàng)D與錄音原文相符?！句浺粼摹縈r.Wensaidgovernmentwouldaimforagrowthrateof7percentthisyear,considerablyslowerthanthe9.1percentpacerecordedfor2003.Hesaidthegovernmentwouldreducetheissuanceofstatebondsintendedtofinanceconstructionbyabout$3.6billion,or25percent,andwouldalsorestrainlendingandinvestmentthathasledto“redundantconstructioninsomeindustriesandregions.’’[單選題]2.WhatconclusionscanyoumakeaboutthepeopleinNewYorkCity?A.Youcan’tpleaseanyoneinNewYorkCity.B.Theydon’tliketorecycletheirdivash.C.MayorBloombergalwaysturnsadeafeartopeople’scomplaints.D.Peoplewanttohavetheirdivashcollectedmorefrequently.參考答案：A參考解析：隱含事實(shí)的判斷。從錄音中提到的“peoplecomplainedforyearsabout…”，“Thentheycomplainedwhen…”和“Andtheypositivelyhowledinconfusionwhen…”，可知無(wú)論怎么做，都很難使所有的紐約人都感到滿意。因此選項(xiàng)A表述正確?！句浺粼摹縄nNewYorkCity,peoplecomplainedforyearsabouthavingtorecycletheirtrash.ThentheycomplainedwhenMayorMichaelR.Bloombergcanceledmostrecyclingtosavethecitymoney.Andtheypositivelyhowledinconfusionwhenherestoredsomerecyclingbutcutcollectionstoeveryotherweek.[單選題]3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtheresultofglobalizationandliberalization?A.Thegapbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcoundivieshaswidened.B.Theindusdivializedworldhaswitnessedunprecedentedwealth.C.Thewealthoftheworldhasbeenredisdivibuted.D.Thecurrentdevelopingcoundivieswillbecomethemostrapidlyrowingeconomies.參考答案：A參考解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的找尋。錄音中指出隨著全球化和自由化的發(fā)展，工業(yè)國(guó)出現(xiàn)了“Unprecedentedwealthandstandardsofliving”，而曾經(jīng)努力擺脫貧困的國(guó)家也成為了economicpolesintheirownright，并未提到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家之間差距擴(kuò)大的問(wèn)題。因此選項(xiàng)A的內(nèi)容與錄音不符?！句浺粼摹縂lobalizationandtheliberalizationthatproducedithavegeneratedasustainedperiodofeconomicexpansion,togetherwiththemostrapidreconfigurationofinternationaleconomicgeographyever.Unprecedentedwealthandstandardsoflivingexistintheindustrializedworld.Elsewhere,somecountriesthatstruggledwithpovertyameregenerationagoarenoweconomicpolesintheirownright.Overthecourseofthenextgeneration,amajorityoftheworld’smostrapidlygrowingeconomieswillbelocatedinwhatisnowthedevelopingworld.[單選題]4.Whichofthefollowingplaceshaveapprovedgaymarriage?A.SanFranciscoandCaledonia.B.California,NewMexicoandOregon.C.California,NewMexico,OregonandMassachusetts.D.CaliforniaandNewMexico.參考答案：B參考解析：信息的推斷。錄音中中提到“…officialsinCalifornia,NewMexicoandOregonhaveallowedsame-sexmarriages,Massachusettshassignaleditsapproval”，可知允許同性婚姻的州有California，NewMexico和Oregon。Massachusetts發(fā)出同意的信號(hào)，即表示該州不反對(duì)同性婚姻，但還未在法律上正式承認(rèn)。因此不能將Massachusetts包括在允許同性婚姻的地區(qū)之中。因此選B。【錄音原文】SincetheweddingmarchforgaysandlesbiansbeganinSanFranciscothreeweeksago,officialsinCalifornia,NewMexicoandOregonhaveallowedsame-sexmarriages,Massachusettshassignaleditsapproval.PresidentBushhascalledforaconstitutionalamendmenttobangaymarriage.Lawmakersconservative,andgay-rightsgroupshavealljoinedadebatethathasroiledthenation.[單選題]5.TheMediterraneanregioniscitedasanexampleof______.A.theabilityofnaturetoremedyhumandesdivuctionB.theabilityofpeopletomakeuseofnaturalresourcesC.themannersinwhichpeoplereplenishtheenvironmentD.theeffectsofhumanabuseofnaturalresources參考答案：D參考解析：篇章邏輯關(guān)系的理解。本題的解題關(guān)鍵在于中心句和支持性細(xì)節(jié)關(guān)系的識(shí)別。錄音中首先批駁了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)，接著提出正確觀點(diǎn)，也就是該段錄音的中心句，該句指出歷史證明一旦thenaturallife-supportsystemsofacivilization（文明社會(huì)中的自然生命供給系統(tǒng)）遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，便難以修復(fù)。接著便給出地中海地區(qū)的例子對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行證明。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。【錄音原文】Thetheoryonceadvancedinthenineteenthcentury—thattheproductivityofthelandcanbeinfinitelyincreasedbytheapplicationofcapital,labor,andscience—iswrong.Historyhasshownthatoncethenaturallife-supportsystemsofacivilizationhavebeensufficientlydamaged,theycannotusuallyberepaired.Theancientdeforestationandover-grazingoftheMediterraneanregionisafamousexample.Today,aglobalcivilizationisruiningtheglobalenvironment.[單選題]6.Accordingtothepassage,whathasmadeAmerica’ssystemofhighereducationagreatsuccess?A.Accessibility,diversity,academicfreedomandcendivalizedgovernance.B.Diversity,academicfreedom,democracyandcendivalization.C.Sharedgovernance,diversity,academicfreedomandaccessibility.D.Decendivalization,diversity,academicfreedomandsharedgovernance.參考答案：D參考解析：因果關(guān)系判斷。錄音中明確指出“Thedecentralization,diversity,academicfreedomandsharedgovernance…h(huán)avemadeAmerica’ssystemofhighereducationoneofthemostaccessibleanddemocraticintheworld”，可知美國(guó)高等教育體系成為世界上最易接近、最民主的教育體系之一，也就是題干中所描述的agreatsuccess的原因在于decentralization，diversity，academicfreedom和sharedgovernance。因此選項(xiàng)D符合文意?！句浺粼摹縏hedecentralization,diversity,academicfreedomandsharedgovernancethathaveevolvedoverthepasttwocenturieshavemadeAmerica’ssystemofhighereducationoneofthemostaccessibleanddemocraticintheworld.TodayeducatorsfromaroundtheglobeareturningtoU.S.institutionsofhigherlearningforinspiration.[單選題]7.Whathashappenedtothecapitalflowintotheemergingmarketeconomies?A.Ithasbecomedifficulttogetforeigndirectinvestment.B.Banksnolongerofferanyloans.C.Portfolioinvestmenthasincreased.D.Thosemarketeconomiesdidn’ttakeadvantageofdifferentkindsofcapital.參考答案：C參考解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的找尋和判斷。錄音中首先指出新興市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的資本流動(dòng)的構(gòu)成發(fā)生了巨大變化，接著便列舉banklending，portfolioinvestment和foreigndirectinvestment的三方面事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)予以說(shuō)明。其中提到“Portfolioinvestmenthasgoneup…”，該句中的goneup對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C中的increased?！句浺粼摹縍ecentyearshaveseenadramaticshiftinthecompositionofcapitalflowtoemergingmarketeconomies.Inlightoftheevidenceontheadvantagesofdifferentkindsofcapital,thechangelookslikeoneforthebetter.Banklendinghasfallensharply.Portfolioinvestmenthasgoneupandforeigndirectinvestmenthassoareddespitethedifficultiesinexpandingitasquicklyasmanycountrieswouldwish.[單選題]8.TheblackswhoreceivedNobelPrizesforLiteratureare______.A.ToniMorrisonandDereckWalcottB.ToniMorrison.JollnSteinbeckandWoleSoyinkaC.ToniMorrison.DereckWalcottandWoleSoyinkaD.ToniMorrison.DereckWalcottandJohnSteinbeck參考答案：C參考解析：特定信息的找尋和判斷。該段錄音中包含了多個(gè)人名等專有名詞。重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容在于找尋獲諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的黑人姓名。從錄音中提到的“MorrisonisthefirstblackwomantoreceiveaNobelPrize,precededinliteraturebyonlytwoblackmen:WoleSoyinka,…andDereckWalcott”，precede意為“在……之前，先于”，可知獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的黑人有三名，分別是ToniMorrison，DereckWalcott和WoleSoyinka，因此選項(xiàng)C為正確答案?！句浺粼摹縉ovembernotonlymarksthepublicationofToniMorrison’seagerlyanticipatedeighthnovel,Love,butitisalsothetenthanniversaryofherNobelPrizeforLiterature.MorrisonisthefirstblackwomantoreceiveaNobelPrize,precededinliteraturebyonlytwoblackmen:WoleSoyinka,theNigerianplaywright,poetandnovelist,inl986;andDereckWalcott,theCaribbean-bornpoet,inl992.ButMorrisonisalsothefirstandonlyAmerican-bornNobellaureateforliteraturesincel962,theyearnovelistJohnSteinbeckreceivedtheaward.[單選題]9.WhydidIsraelispreferthe“Red-Dead’’canaltothe“Med-Dead”proposal?A.BecausetheywantedtocooperatewiththeirformerArabenemies.B.BecausetheRed-Deadcanalwouldrunacrossthedesert.C.BecausetheMed-Deadcanalwouldbemuchlonger.D.Becausetheydidn’twanttotakewaterfromtheMediterraneanSea.參考答案：A參考解析：因果關(guān)系判斷。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為the“Red-Dead”canal和“Med-Dead”proposal，從而定位到錄音中的“IsraeliofficialscitetheimportanceofcooperationwithformerArabenemiesasoneofthemainreasonstheyfavortheRed-Deadcanaloveranolder‘Med-Dead’proposal…”，其中“reasons”為信號(hào)詞，揭示了該句中的因果關(guān)系。可知以色列人認(rèn)為cooperationwithformerArabenemies很重要，這是他們選擇“Red-Dead’’canal而不是“Med-Dead”proposal的主要原因。因此選A。【錄音原文】AttheEarthSummitinJohannesburgoverayearago,IsraelandJordanagreedtolookintobuildinga“Red-Dead”pipelinethatwouldrun320kmalongtheirruggeddesertborder.Dubbedthe“PeaceConduit”,thecanalwouldbethebiggestIsrael-Jordanianjointventuresincetheirl994peacetreaty.IsraeliofficialscitetheimportanceofcooperationwithformerArabenemiesasoneofthemainreasonstheyfavortheRed-Deadcanaloveranolder“Med-Dead”proposaltotakewaterfromtheMediterraneanSea,whichwouldnotinvolveJordan.[單選題]10.WhatdoesDr.Kaybelieve?A.TheBushadminisdivationisjustifiedtolaunchmilitaryoperationsinIraq.B.Iraq’sweaponsofmassdesdivuctionhavenotbeenfoundyet.C.Iraq’sweaponsofmassdesdivuctionweredesdivoyedduringtheGulfWar.D.Iraqdesdivoyedallitsweaponsofmassdesdivuctioninthel990’s.參考答案：D參考解析：特定信息的找尋和判斷。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為Dr.Kay，從而定位到錄音中的“Dr.KayhassaidhebelievesthatIraqlargelyabandonedtheproductionofweaponsofmassdestructionafterthefirstGulfWar”，可知Dr.Kay認(rèn)為伊拉克在第一次海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后就abandoned（放棄）大規(guī)模殺傷武器的生產(chǎn)，而非選項(xiàng)C所提到的“weredestroyed”。此外錄音中還提到“…thatitgraduallydestroyeditsremainingstockpilesduringthel990’s”，由于伊拉克在第一次海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后就停止生產(chǎn)大規(guī)模殺傷武器，因此于1990年所銷毀的remainingstockpiles就是選項(xiàng)D所指的allitsweaponsofmassdestruction?！句浺粼摹縈orethanlomonthsaftertheendofmajormilitaryoperationsinIraq,AmericanteamshavestillnotfoundconclusiveevidencethatIraqhadanychemical,biologicalornuclearweapons,raisingdoubtsaboutoneoftheBushadministration’smainargumentsforgoingtowar.Sinceheresignedfromhispostlastmonth,Dr.KayhassaidhebelievesthatIraqlargelyabandonedtheproductionofweaponsofmassdestructionafterthefirstGulfWar,andthatitgraduallydestroyeditsremainingstockpilesduringthe1990's.[判斷題]1.Thetwomenhavebeenveryintimateandreliablefriendsthroughouttheirlives.A.正確B.錯(cuò)誤參考答案：B參考解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的判斷。題干中三處細(xì)節(jié)需與錄音中進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)。錄音中提到的startlingintimacy可對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的veryintimate，而“…h(huán)adsharedconfidences,swappedadviceandsupportedeachother’sambition”則與題干中的reliablefriends含義想通。而題干中throughouttheirlives卻與原文中的mostoftheirlives不吻合，由此可知該題表述有誤?！句浺粼摹縁ormostoftheirlives,thetwomenhadsharedconfidences,swappedadviceandsupportedeachother’sambitions.ThedozensoflettersthatJusticeBlackmunsaveddocumentarelationshipofsometimesstartlingintimacy.[判斷題]2.Thechildren’shealthinsuranceprograminFloridawasintendedtohelpkidsfromlow-incomefamilies.A.正確B.錯(cuò)誤參考答案：A參考解析：詞義理解。句意：佛羅里達(dá)州兒童的健康保險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目目的在于幫助來(lái)自低收入家庭的孩子。錄音中指出“Tensofthousandsofyoungstersfromlow-incomefamilieswhowereeligibleforachildren’shealthinsuranceprograminFlorida…”，beeligiblefor意為“有資格的；符合……條件的”，由此可知有資格享受佛羅里達(dá)州兒童健康保險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目的兒童來(lái)自低收入家庭，與題干表達(dá)內(nèi)容相吻合?！句浺粼摹縏ensofthousandsofyoungstersfromlow-incomefamilieswhowereeligibleforachildren’shealthinsuranceprograminFlorida,insteadofbeingallowedintotheprogram,weredivertedbystateofficialstoalongwaitinglist.[判斷題]3.Iraqisstoppedthedevelopmentoflong-rangeballisticmissilesbecausesuchprogramswereprohibitedbytheUS.A.正確B.錯(cuò)誤參考答案：B參考解析：因果關(guān)系判斷。錄音中在談到伊拉克導(dǎo)彈問(wèn)題時(shí)，提到“Iraqultimatelyfailedtodevelopandproducelong-rangeballisticmissiles”，并且指出“…itsmissileprogramisseenbyUSdecisionmakersasthemainprohibited-weaponeffortthatIraqcontinuedrightupuntilthewar.”，可知美國(guó)決策者把伊拉克導(dǎo)彈項(xiàng)目看做美國(guó)禁武努力的主要目標(biāo)，但伊拉克卻一直進(jìn)行該項(xiàng)目直到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始。因此可以推斷，伊拉克并未因?yàn)槊绹?guó)反對(duì)而停止導(dǎo)彈項(xiàng)目，但該項(xiàng)目最終失敗了，并非是伊拉克自己停止了。因此該題的說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。【錄音原文】AlthoughIraqultimatelyfailedtodevelopandproducelong-rangeballisticmissilesanditspermittedshort-rangemissileprojectswerefraughtwithproblems,itsmissileprogramisseenbyUSdecisionmakersasthemainprohibited-weaponeffortthatIraqcontinuedrightupuntilthewar.[判斷題]4.AsaWashingtoninsider,towinthesupportfromallsides,Mr.Kerryhasneverletanybodydownovertheyears.A.正確B.錯(cuò)誤參考答案：A參考解析：特定信息找尋和判斷。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為Mr.Kerry。錄音中重要信息為“Mr.Kerry…h(huán)astakenbothsidesonjustabouteveryissue”，可知在每件事情上Mr.Kerry都受到兩方的好評(píng)。其中takenbothsideson對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的winthesupportfromallsides，而justabouteveryissue則表現(xiàn)出Mr.Kerry從未讓任何人失望過(guò)。因此該題表述正確?！句浺粼摹縈r.Bush,thesonofapresidentandthegrandsonofasenator,castigatedMr.KerryasaWashingtoninsiderwhohasbeeninCongresssolongthathehastakenbothsidesonjustabouteveryissue.[判斷題]5.Darwiniantheoryneitherexplainstheprocessofevolutionnormakescorrectpredictionsabouttheresultsofevolution.A.正確B.錯(cuò)誤參考答案：B參考解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的判斷。錄音中提到“AlthoughDarwiniantheoryexplainsmanyofthefactsofevolution…,itdoesnotnecessarilyexplainthewholeprocess.”，doesnotnecessarily指“不一定”。原文中關(guān)于進(jìn)化結(jié)果預(yù)測(cè)的內(nèi)容為“someoftheresultsofevolutiondonotmatchwhatDarwiniantheorywouldpredict”，可知一些進(jìn)化結(jié)果并不符合達(dá)爾文理論的預(yù)測(cè)。而題干中描述的“達(dá)爾文理論既未對(duì)進(jìn)化過(guò)程作出解釋，也沒(méi)能準(zhǔn)確做出關(guān)于進(jìn)化結(jié)果的預(yù)測(cè)”說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì)，因此與錄音原文有所出入?！句浺粼摹縄fDarwiniantheoryworkssowell,whychallengeit?Thereareseveralreasonstodoso.AlthoughDarwiniantheoryexplainsmanyofthefactsofevolutionbetterthananyothertheory,itdoesnotnecessarilyexplainthewholeprocess.Also,someoftheresultsofevolutiondonotmatchwhatDarwiniantheorywouldpredict.[判斷題]6.Manyyoungpeopledoubtthattheirdreamsforthegoodlifecouldevercomedivue.A.正確B.錯(cuò)誤參考答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)上下文線索猜測(cè)詞義。錄音中首句提到“Scarcejobs,fewerpromotions,soaringcostsforshelterandothernecessities——allarecausingthenation’syoungtorevamptheirdreamsforthegoodlife.”，從破折號(hào)之前提到的“匱乏的工作機(jī)會(huì)，越來(lái)越少的升遷機(jī)會(huì)，飛漲的物價(jià)”，可推測(cè)此處指年輕人中出現(xiàn)了對(duì)美好生活夢(mèng)想的質(zhì)疑，revamp意為“修改，改進(jìn)”。與題干內(nèi)容相吻合?！句浺粼摹縎carcejobs,fewerpromotions,soaringcostsforshelterandothernecessities——allarecausingthenation’syoungtorevamptheirdreamsforthegoodlife.Manyofthenation’syoungpeopleareconvincedthat,despitetheeconomy’ssteadyclimboutofrecession,theywillgetonlyatinyshareofthespreadingprosperityornothingatall.[判斷題]7.SuchawfullossesofhumanlifeintheIranianquakeshouldnothaveoccurred.A.正確B.錯(cuò)誤參考答案：A參考解析：隱含事實(shí)的推測(cè)。錄音中指出加利福尼亞的strongearthquakes造成了l25death，而在Iranianquake,asomewhatlessermagnitude，卻claimed40,000lives（奪走了40000個(gè)生命），通過(guò)對(duì)這兩個(gè)地區(qū)震級(jí)和傷亡人數(shù)的對(duì)比，可知伊朗的地震雖沒(méi)有加利福尼亞的厲害，人員傷亡卻遠(yuǎn)比后者嚴(yán)重。由此可推測(cè)伊朗地震中如此慘重的人員傷亡本是能夠避免的。因此該題表述正確?！句浺粼摹緾onsiderthreemajorrecentCaliforniaearthquakes:LomaPrietainl989,witha6.9magnitude,Northridgeinl994,witha6.7magnitude,andSanSimeon／PasoRoblesonDecember22,2003,witha6.5magnitude.TheserelativelystrongearthquakesinCaliforniaresultedinatotalofl25deaths,whilethisweek’sIranianquake,withasomewhatlessermagnitude,claimed40,000lives.[判斷題]8.Gaddafimadeheadlinesinl998bysurrenderingtwoLibyansuspectswhoplottedthebombingofanAmericanjumbojet.A.正確B.錯(cuò)誤參考答案：B參考解析：特定信息找尋和判斷。錄音中雖提及“Gaddafi…madeheadlinessixyearsago”，但并未指出這件事就發(fā)生在1988年。關(guān)于1988年，錄音中提到“…thetwoLibyansuspectsinthel988bombingofanAmericanjumbojet…”，可知l988年兩個(gè)利比亞人涉嫌炸毀一架美國(guó)的大型噴氣客機(jī)。并非題干中所描述的“Gaddafimadeheadlinesinl998…”。因此該題表述有誤?！句浺粼摹縂addafi,borninl942,madeheadlinessixyearsagowhenheagreedtosurrenderthetwoLibyansuspectsinthel988bombingofanAmericanjumbojetoverLockerbieinsouthernScotlandinwhich270peopledied.[判斷題]9.Organicfoodsareacceptedbymostnudivitionists.A.正確B.錯(cuò)誤參考答案：B參考解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的判斷。關(guān)于人們對(duì)organicfood（有機(jī)食物）的觀點(diǎn)。錄音中提到“Theadvantagesclaimedforsuchfoods…arebeingdebated”，由此可知關(guān)于有機(jī)食物所謂的優(yōu)勢(shì)存在爭(zhēng)議。因此題干中所描述的大多數(shù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家都接受有機(jī)食品的說(shuō)法是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的，因此該題表述有誤?！句浺粼摹緼reorganicallygrownfoodsthebestfoodchoices?Theadvantagesclaimedforsuchfoodsoverconventionallygrownandmarketedfoodproductsarenowbeingdebated.Advocatesoforganicfoodsfrequentlyproclaimthatsuchproductsaresaferandmorenutritiousthanothers.[判斷題]10.Theremovalofthepresidentwasaverydangerousandunconstitutionalexampleforotherdemocraticcoundivies.A.正確B.錯(cuò)誤參考答案：A參考解析：因果關(guān)系判斷。錄音前半部分描述了這種情況下總統(tǒng)離任的后果，即給全世界任何民主選舉的政府setadangerousprecedent（形成危險(xiǎn)的先例），接下來(lái)錄音中以as引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)從句部分給出了原因，即promotestheunconstitutionalremoval…，由此可知題干描述的“總統(tǒng)的離職為其他民主國(guó)家樹(shù)立了危險(xiǎn)和違法的先例”表述正確?！句浺粼摹縏hecircumstancesunderwhichthepresidentleftofficesetadangerousprecedentfordemocraticallyelectedgovernmentseverywhere,asitpromotestheunconstitutionalremovalofdulyelectedpersonsfromoffice.[問(wèn)答題]1.Listentothefollowingpassage.WriteinEnglishashortsummaryofaround150—200wordsofwhatyouhaveheard.Youwillhearthepassageonlyonceandthenyouwillhave25minutestofinishyoursummary.Thispartofthetestcarries20points.Youmayneedtoscribbleafewnotestowriteyoursummary.參考答案：【文章梗概】本文主要討論美國(guó)藥品公司對(duì)其國(guó)外的藥物試用者的態(tài)度和措施。文章認(rèn)為隨著美國(guó)公司在國(guó)外藥物試驗(yàn)的增加，他們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到對(duì)藥物試用者的責(zé)任。雖然相關(guān)行業(yè)對(duì)此問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的做法，但是文章認(rèn)為各大公司應(yīng)在作出商業(yè)決定前，考慮自己是否承擔(dān)得起由此決定所產(chǎn)生的各項(xiàng)開(kāi)支，如對(duì)藥物試驗(yàn)者周全的各項(xiàng)措施。總之，雖然國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)該問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有定論，但有關(guān)人士認(rèn)為藥品公司在對(duì)投資者負(fù)責(zé)的同時(shí)，也應(yīng)對(duì)藥品試驗(yàn)者們負(fù)責(zé)?！緟⒖即鸢浮?.Ascompaniesincreasinglytestnewdrugsinothercountries,theyarestrugglingtodecidewhattheyowethepatientswhoservedastestsubjects.2.Theissueisespeciallydifficultwhenitcomestodrugsthatdonotsavelivesbutcanvastlyimprovethequalityoflife.3.Ethicistsaretroubledtoo,buttheyhavereachednoconsensusonwhatcompaniesshoulddo.4.Companiesmustmakebusinessdecisionsandfigureoutwhethertheycanearnenoughmoneytojustifythosedecisions.5.Toprovideadrugforcompassionateuseiscostlyandposes“adelicatequestion”.6.Theissueisespeciallydifficultforsmallcompaniesbecausetheysimplycan’taffordit.7.IntheU.S.,patientswhoparticipateinclinicaltrialscanoftengetdrugstheyneedafterthetest.8.Butthereisnoindustryconsensusaboutwhattodointernationally,especiallywhendrugsarenotlifesaving.9.Ethicistsacknowledgethatcompaniesarebusinessesandaccountabletoinvestors.10.Butontheotherhand,thereisanethicalobligationtogiveback.參考解析：一、主干內(nèi)容表達(dá)部分這部分內(nèi)容為文章的主干內(nèi)容，是綜述的主要點(diǎn)信息。1.Ascompaniesincreasinglytestnewdrugsinothercountries,theyarestrugglingtodecidewhattheyowethepatientswhoservedastestsubject.[解析]該句為全文首句，提出全文所要討論的問(wèn)題，因此是框架性內(nèi)容。2.Ethicistsaretroubledtoo,buttheyhavereachednoconsensusonwhatcompaniesshoulddo.[解析]該句表達(dá)了有關(guān)中心問(wèn)題的重要觀點(diǎn)，并以此作為討論的基點(diǎn)，因此是框架性內(nèi)容。[要點(diǎn)表達(dá)]reachconsensuson…對(duì)……達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)3.Companiesmustmakebusinessdecisionsandfigureoutwhethertheycanearnenoughmoneytojustifythosedecisions.[解析]該句是有關(guān)中心議題的重要舉措，因此是框架性內(nèi)容。4.Ethicistsacknowledgethatcompaniesarebusinessesandaccountabletoinvestors.[解析]該句是有關(guān)中心議題的總結(jié)的一部分，因此是框架性內(nèi)容。5.Butontheotherhand,thereisanethicalobligationtogiveback.[解析]該句是有關(guān)中心議題的總結(jié)的另一部分，因此是框架性內(nèi)容。二、支持性細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)部分這部分內(nèi)容為主要點(diǎn)的重要支持性細(xì)節(jié)，是綜述的次要點(diǎn)信息。1.Theissueisespeciallydifficultwhenitcomestodrugsthatdonotsavelivesbutcanvastlyimprovethequalityoflife.[解析]該句是對(duì)中心議題的深化，因此是綜述的支持性細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。[要點(diǎn)表達(dá)]l)whenitcomesto…當(dāng)涉及到……2)improvethequalityoflife改善生活質(zhì)量2.Toprovideadrugforcompassionateuseiscostlyandposes“adelicatequestion”.[解析]該句是有關(guān)中心議題重要觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步闡釋，因此是綜述的支持性細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。3.Theissueisespeciallydifficultforsmallcompaniesbecausetheysimplycan’taffordit.[解析]該句是有關(guān)中心議題重要觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步闡釋，因此是綜述的支持性細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。4.IntheU.S.,patientswhoparticipateinclinicaltrialscanoftengetdrugstheyneedafterthetest.[解析]該句以典型事例對(duì)中心議題重要觀點(diǎn)做進(jìn)一步闡釋，因此是綜述的支持性細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。5.Butthereisnoindustryconsensusaboutwhattodointernationally,especiallywhendrugsarenotlifesaving.[解析]該句是有關(guān)中心議題的具體化，因此是綜述的支持性細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容?！句浺粼摹緼scompaniesincreasinglytestnewdrugsinothercountries,theyarestrugglingtodecidewhat,ifanything,theyowethepatientswhoservedastestsubjects.Somecompanieshavechosennottoselltheirdrugsinthecountrieswheretheyweretested；othershavemarketedtheirdrugsthere,butfewpatientsinthosecountriescanaffordthem.Theissueisespeciallydifficultwhenitcomestodrugsthatdonotsavelivesbutcanvastlyimprovethequalityoflife.Nobodyknowsforsurehowmanypatientsinothercountrieshavehadtoforgodrugsthatimprovedtheirliveswhenclinicaltrialsended,andcompaniesdonotgiveoutpatients’names,toprotecttheftprivacy.Buttheissueisverymuchonthemindsofcompanyresearchersandexecutives.Ethicistssaythatthey,too,aretroubledbutthattheirfieldhasreachednoconsensusonwhatcompaniesshoulddo.“Dowehaveanobligationtoeveryoneinthetrialortoeveryoneinthecommunity,theprovince,thenation,theregionoftheworld?”askedDr.RuthFaden,thedirectorofthePhoebeR.BermanBioethicsInstituteatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.“Wehaven’treallyfiguredthisout.”Yet,Dr.Fadensaid,“manyphysicianinvestigatorsfeeluncomfortablewiththeideaofusingpatientsinstudiesandthennotbeingabletocontinuetohelpthemwhenthetrialends.”Companiesmustmakebusinessdecisionsaboutwheretomarkettheirdrugs,figuringoutwhethertheycanearnenoughmoneytojustifyapplyingforapproval,settingupbusinessofficesandhiringasalesforce.Iftheydecidenottomarketadruginagivencountry,theyareunlikelytoprovideittopatientstherefreeofcharge.Toprovideadrugforwhatmedicalprofessionalscallcompassionateuse,companiesmustsetupadistributionsystem,traindoctorstoadministerthedrugs,monitorpatientsforadverseeffectsandtracktheresults.Whethertoundertakeacompassionate-useprogramfordrugsthatimprovethequalityoflifebutdonotprolongitposes“adelicatequestion”,saidTonyPlohoros,aspokesmanforMerck,acompanythathassystemstodistributelifesavingdrugsinpoorcountrieswherethereisaneed.Theissueisespeciallydifficultforsmallcompaniesthatasyethavenoproductsonthemarket.Asmallcompanycannotaffordtosetupamarketingsystemincountrieswherefewcanbuythedrug,oradistributionsystemtogiveitsdrugsaway.IntheUnitedStates,patientswhoparticipateinclinicaltrialsoftencontinuetoreceivethedrugbeingtesteduntilitisapproved.Afterthat,theycanbuyitor,iftheycannotaffordit,applytospecialprogramsthatmostcompaniesoffertohelppeoplewhocouldnototherwisegetdrugstheyneed.ButwiththeexceptionofAIDSdrugs,whichcompaniesprovidefreeoratlowcosttopatientsinpoorcountries,thereisnoindustryconsensusaboutwhattodointernationally,especiallywhendrugsarenotlifesaving.Andevenwhencompaniesmarkettheirdrugsinpoorcountries,theytendnottosetupasystemtogivethedrugsawaytostudysubjectsafteraclinicaltrialends.Ethicistsacknowledgethatcompaniesarebusinessesandaccountabletoinvestors.Butontheotherhand,Dr.Gostinsaid,thereissomethingtroublingabout“parachuteresearch”,inwhichacompanydropsintoacountry,conductsitsresearchandthenleaves.“Itraisesthequestionofwhatethicalobligation,ifany,theremightbetogivebackandmakesurethereisaccesstothedrugafterthetrialsareover,”Dr.Gostinsaid.Theparticipantsinastudytakearisktohelpacompanydetermineifitsdrugissafeandeffective,hesaid,and“itseemstomethatthereisanethicalobligationtogiveback.”共享題干題PassageOne[單選題]1.Whichofthefollowingisconsideredalandmarkrulingininterracialmarriages?A.Lovingv.Alabama.B.Lovingv.Virginia.C.Lovingv.U.S.D.Lovingv..RichardandMildred.參考答案：B參考解析：特定信息找尋和判斷。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為“alandmarkruling”，錄音中提到的與其相關(guān)的信息為“…alandmarkSupremeCourtdecision,Lovingv.Virginia”。由此可知，選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。[單選題]2.HowmanymarriagesintheU.S.arebetweenblacksandwhites?A.2million.B.5％.C.2.5％.D.Halfamillion.參考答案：D參考解析：數(shù)字信息找尋和判斷。錄音中多次出現(xiàn)關(guān)于跨種族通婚的數(shù)據(jù)，關(guān)于白人和黑人之間通婚的數(shù)據(jù)，錄音中提到“…almosthalfamillionofthemarebetweenblacksandwhites”，因此選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。[單選題]3.WhyisThomasJeffersonmentionedinthispassage?A.Asanexampleofinterracialintimacy.B.Becausehewasaslaveownerandwassdivonglyagainstinterracialmarriages.C.Becausehewasoneoftheearlyadvocatesofinterracialmarriages.D.Becausehemarriedablackwoman.參考答案：A參考解析：隱含事實(shí)的判斷。錄音中指出“…interracialintimacyhasbeenafactoflifeintheregionsinceAfricanslavesfirstarrivedintheU.S.”，可知“interracialintimacy”由來(lái)已久，接著給出了ThomasJefferson的例子，指出“ThomasJefferson經(jīng)常會(huì)在夜里偷偷來(lái)到黑人生活的地方”，可知ThomasJefferson之所以被提到是為了來(lái)說(shuō)明“interracialintimacy”。因此選A。[單選題]4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.TheresistancetointerracialmarriagesintheSouthstillstaysfirm.B.ThenumberofinterracialmarriagesinvolvingAsians,LatinosandNativeAmericansisgreaterthanthatofblack-whitemarriages.C.TherewerenomixedmarriagesinAlabamauntilthreeyearsago.D.Theriseofaneducatedblackmiddleclasshasincreasedopportunitiesforblacksandwhitestodevelopromanticrelationships.參考答案：A參考解析：推理判斷題。錄音中指出“theresistancetomixednuptialsintheSouthseemedtostayasfirmas…”，nuptial意為“婚禮”。可知南方的人們依然堅(jiān)決反對(duì)不同種族之間的通婚行為。其中as…as…句型表示同級(jí)比較，與選項(xiàng)A中的still表達(dá)含義想通，而mixednuptials也與選項(xiàng)A中的interracialmarriages表達(dá)意思相符。因此選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。[單選題]5.HowdidinterracialmarriagegetapprovedinAlabama?A.ByaSupremeCourtruling.B.Bystatelegislation.C.Byavoteoftheresidents.D.Bythesocialdivendthatinterracialmarriageskeepincreasing.參考答案：C參考解析：特定信息找尋和判斷。關(guān)于Alabama的婚姻情況，錄音中指出僅在三年前，Alabama成為最后一個(gè)放棄非強(qiáng)制性混合婚姻禁令的州，同時(shí)提到“justa60％-to-40％votebyresidents”，由此可知在Alabama，通過(guò)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裢镀鲍@得了不同種族之間通婚的準(zhǔn)許。因此選項(xiàng)C表述正確?！句浺粼摹縊nceasocialtaboo,loveacrossthecolorlineisbecomingincreasinglycommon.ThenumberofinterracialmarriagesintheU.S.hasleapedalmostl,000％sincel967.WhenalandmarkSupremeCourtdecision,Lovingv.Virginia,voidedstaleantmiscegenationlawsthatforbidunionsbetweentheraces.Todaytherearemorethan2millioninterracialmarriages,accountingforabout5％ofallU.S.marriagesandalmosthalfamillionofthemarebetweenblacksandwhites.YetevenaftertheLovingdecision,whichrequiredthestateofVirginiatorecognizethemarriagebetweenawhitemanandablackwoman,RichardandMildredLoving,theresistancetomixednuptialsintheSouthseemedtostayasfirmasthereverencesometherestillhavefortheConfederateflag.ItwasonlythreeyearsagothatAlabamabecamethelaststatetodropitsunenforceablebanonmixedmarriage,anditdidsowithjusta60％-to-40％votebyresidents.Ofcourse,interracialintimacyhasbeenafactoflifeintheregionsinceAfricanslavesfirstarrivedintheU.S.—andwhiteslaveownerslikeThomasJeffersonbegansneakingintotheslavequartersa