名校河北武邑中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試含解析

[名校]河北武邑中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試含解析注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前，考生務(wù)必在試題卷、答題卡規(guī)定的地方填寫(xiě)自己的準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名?？忌J(rèn)真核對(duì)答題卡上粘貼的條形碼的“準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名”與考生本人準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名是否一致。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束，考生必須將答題卡交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknow?A.Ifthemanisthirsty.B.IfthemanlikesBeyonce.C.Ifthemanhasheardsomenewmusic.【答案】C【解析】【分析】W:HaveyouheardthenewBeyonc6album?It’scalledLemonade.M:No，Ihaven’tlistenedtoityet.Speakingoflemonade.Icouldreallyusesomethingtodrink!【詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。2.【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanprobablywantthewomantodo?A.Fixhispants.B.Givehimhismoneyback.C.Givehimanewpairofpantsforflee.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M:Ineedtoreturnthispairofpants.Theyhaveaholeinthem.W:Okay，sir.Icangiveyou50％offanewpair.M:Just50％?It’snotmyfaultthattheyhaveahole.Ijustwantarefund.【詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。3.【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhomightShellybe?A.Theman’swife.B.Thegirl’ssister.C.Ababysitter.【答案】C【解析】【分析】W:Ineedhelpwithmyhomework.Dad.M:I’mrunningoutthedoortomeetyourmother.Shellyshouldbeheretohelpyousoon.She’sstayinguntil9:00tonightandalsomakingdinnerforyouandyoursister.【詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。4.【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelinthebeginning?A.Confused.B.Satisfied.C.Disappointed.【答案】A【解析】【分析】M:Areyouevenlisteningtome?Donotgointhatroom!W:Whatareyoutalkingabout?Thisismyroom…Oh，youplannedmeasurpriseparty!You’resosilly.Thankyou!【詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。5.【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thenextdishwillbereallyspecial.B.Thebakedpotatoesarehisbestdish.C.He’11makesomethingevenbetternexttime.【答案】A【解析】【分析】W:Wow,Ididn’tknowyouweresuchagreatcookThesebakedpotatoesaretodiefor!M:I'vebeentakingcookinglessons.Andyouhaven’tseenanythingyet.You’regoingtolovethemaincourse!【詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。第二節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)自后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)自前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Howlongdoesthewomanusuallystudythenightbeforeatest?A.Aboutanhour.B.Abouttwohours.C.Aboutthreehours.7.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Talktotheteacher.B.Studywiththewoman.C.Takeatest.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】M:Canyouhelpmewiththismathproblem?W:Actually,Idon’tknowhowtodoit，either.Youshouldprobablyjustasktheteacher.M:Ithoughtyoualwaysgot100％onallyourmathtestsW:Iusuallydo，butsometimesIneedhelp.too.M:Howlongdoyouusuallystudyforatest?W:Abouttwohoursthenightbefore，andthenanhourorsoearlierintheweek.M:Ineedtostudymore.Maybewecanstudytogether.W:Sure.I’dbehappytohelpyou.M:I'mgoingtoasktheteacheraboutthisproblem.I’11letyouknowwhathesays.W:Soundsgoodtome.【6題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幱幸纛l，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Accordingtotheconversation，whatdoesGooglewanttodo?A.Replacealldriverswithcomputers.B.Researchsleeppatterns.C.Maketruckingmoreefficient.9.Whatdoesthewomansuggestabouttrucks?A.Humandriversreactquickerthanmachines.B.Manyjobsmightdisappearwithself-drivingtrucks.C.Manyaccidentsinvolveregulartrucks.10.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutself-drivingtrucks?A.He’sa1ittlescaredbythem.B.He’sexcitedbytheirspeed.C.Hethinksthey’resafer.【答案】8.C9.C10.A【解析】M:Wouldyouconsiderbuyingaself-drivingcar?W:Idon’tknow.IguessI’dhavetoresearchabitmoreaboutthembeforemakingthatdecisionM:Itwillprobablybeawhilebeforeweareabletobuythem,anyway.Wemightbeseeingself-drivingtrucksontheroadprettysoon，though.Googlewantstochangethecommercialtruckingindustry.Rightnow,thereareoverthreemilliontruckdriversintheU.S.,soaddingself-drivingtruckswouldlikelytakeawayalotofjobs.Butmanydriversmightstiffbeabletoaccompanytheirtrucks，andgetafullnight’ssleepintheprocess.W:Truckdriverscausealotofaccidentsonthefreeway,soIthinkI'dliketoseeself-drivingtrucks.Itwouldmakeme.feelsaferontheroad.M:Really?Ithinkitmightmakemefeellesssafe.Ahumandriverismuchmorelikelytoreactquicklytosomethingunexpected.【8題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?0題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幱幸纛l，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.Whocreatedthenewproducts?A.Healthbox.B.UnderArmorC.UARecord.12.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheproducts?A.She’snotveryimpressedbythem.B.Shethinksthey’reworththemoney.C.Theysoundnewanddifferent.13.Whatdoesthemanlikemostabouttheproducts?A.Theycanmeasureyourbodyfat.B.Yourheartratecanbetracked.C.Youcansetgoalsandmeasureyourprogress.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】M:HaveyouheardoftheUAHealthbox?W:No.What’sthat?M:ItwascreatedbythecompanyUnderArmor.It’sanewsetofthreesmartdevices-awristband，ascale，andaheart—ratemonitor.Theyallrecordinformationaboutyouwhenyouexercise，whichisthencollectedintheapp，UARecord.W:Ilikethatalloftheinformationgoesintooneapp.butitdoesn’tsoundverydifferentfromotherproductsthatarealreadyoutthere.M:Checkthisout，though:youcantouchthescreenofthewristbandtosignalthatyou'restartingorendinganactivity.Thenthescalemeasuresyourbodyfatandweight，whilethemonitortracksyourheartrate.Youweartheheartmonitoronabandaroundyourchest.Thebestpartaboutitisthatyoucansetgoalsandmeasureyourprogress.W:Howmuchdoesitcost?M:Thewholesetisaround$400，butyoucanjustbuythewristbandifyouwant，whichis$180.W:Wow,that’snotexactlyabargain.isit?【11題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?2題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?3題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.Whatisthewoman’sadvice?A.StudyingharderB.Justbeinghonest.C.Choosingacareerearly.15.Whatmightt11emanwritehisessayabout?A.Whathewantstomajorin.B.Hisunknownfuture.C.Hishighschoolexperience.16.WhomightMrs.Watsonbe?A.Theman’sdramateacher.B.Theman’smathteacher.C.Theman’sEnglishteacher.【答案】14.B15.B16.C【解析】W:Whatareyoudoing?M:I’mworkingonmycollegeapplication.Ijuststartedwritingmypersonalstatement,butI’mhavingahardtime.W:Whatdoesithavetobeabout?M:It'sbasicallyjustanessayaboutwhy1wanttogotocollegeandwhatIhopetodothere.It’sdifficulttowritebecauseIdon’tknowwhattomajorinyet.Iknow1wanttogotocollege；Ijustdon’thaveanideaofwhy1wanttogo.W:Whynotjusttellthetruthinyour:essay?M:YoumeanIshouldwriteaboutthefactthatIdon’tknowwhattodowithmylife?W:Yeah!Imean，Idoubtifanyonereallyknowswhatcareertheywanttohavewhentheyfirstgotocollege.Youhaveyearstofigurethatout.M:IguessIcouldwriteaboutthat.W:Whatelsedoyouneedtodotofinishyourapplication?M:Ineedtworecommendationletters.IaskedmyEnglishteacherandmymathteacher.Mrs?Watsonturnedhersin，butI'mwaitingonmymathteacherIwantedtoaskmydramateacher,Mr.Bennett，butI'veonlyhadoneclasswithhim，soIdecidednotto.IalreadyturnedinmygradesandmySATscore.W:HowdidyoudoontheSAT?M:NotaswellasIhadhoped.Ihavereallygoodgrades.though.andI'minallhonorsclasses，sothatshouldhelp.【14題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?5題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?6題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幱幸纛l，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.WhoisFranSmith?A.Aweatherreporter.B.Anewshost.C.Afinanceexpert.18.Whenwilltherainstopcompletely?A.ByThursdayafternoon.B.ByWednesdayevening.C.Bytonight.19.Whatwilltheweatherbelikenextweek?A.Dry.B.Rainy.C.Foggy.20.Whattimeofyearisit?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Fall.【答案】17.B18.A19.A20.C【解析】AndthatwasFranSmithwiththenews.Goodevening.I’mElizabethJohnsonherewithtonight’sweatherreport.Therainiscontinuing!Whatasurprise!We’reseeingheavyshowers，aswellasthunderandlightning.Therearehighwindstothenorth，withlightershowersinthesouth.ThankfullytherainshouldstopcompletelybyThursdayafternoon.Ifyoulivebythecoast，becarefuloflargewaves.Becauseofthepressuresystemthat’sheadingintonight，theseamaybemoreforcefulthanusual.I'dsuggeststayingawayfrombeaches，andpleasedonotheadoutintotheoceanonaboatofanykind.OnFriday,wecanexpectsomefog，butbytheweekend，weshouldbeseeingsomesunnyskiesandwarmerweather.Tonight，we’11likelyh“temperaturesinthelowerforties.withahighofaroundsixty-fivethisweekend.It’sbeenrainingnonstopforthepasttwoweeks,sothebreakintheweatherwillbeawelcomechange.Itlooksliketherewon’tbeanymorerainforthenextfewweeks，butthatcouldalwayschange.IhopethatyouarehavingagreatThanksgivingbreak,evenwiththeweather.Asalways，becarefuloutthereontheroads，andifyouseeorareinanemergencyofanykind，call911immediately.That’sitfortonight’sweatherreport.Staydryoutthere.NowovertoMariaHillwithfinancialnews.【17題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。【18題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?9題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?0題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEco-friendlyVauban,liedinthesouthwestpartofGermany,haseverything－tree-linedstreets,perfecthouses－butit’smissingoneurbanfeatureofthelast100yearsorso:thecar.AndVaubanresidents(居民)don’tmindonebit.Vaubandoesn’tbancarsentirely.Rather,itjusttriestoreducetheuseofcarsbycreating“parking-free”and“car-free”living.InVauban,parkingspotsareano-noprivateproperty(私人財(cái)產(chǎn)).Carscanonlybeparkedinpublicparkinglots,solivingwithoutacarsavesresidentsthecostofparkinginthepubliclot.Carsalsoarepreventedfromusingcertainroadsandmuststicktostrictspeedlimits.Withtheselimitations,fewerthan20percentofresidentsowncars.Withoutcars,bikesarealmostreligioninthissmalltown.Kidspickthemupevenbeforetheycanrideone.Vaubanisaboutmuchmorethanjustusingtwowheelsinsteadoffour.InVauban,residentsridebikesandevenreceivemoneyfromtheelectriccompanyforsellingelectricitybacktothepowergrid(電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)).It’sanenvironmentally-friendlycityofthefuture,withorganicallygrownfood,renewableenergy,andcarbon-neutralhomes.Andnow,withapopulationof5,500,it’sattractingattentionfromaroundtheworld.Cananeco-friendlycitylikeVaubanbeamodelforAmericanstostoptheirover-relianceonthecars?SometimeswhenIwatchanewsreportwhat’sinthebackofmymindiswhatisn’tbeingreportedorstressed.Whilethiseco-friendlycityisinspiringinthatitshowsresidentsgettingexerciseandfreshairthroughthemajorityuseofbicycles,aswellasgoodoldfashionedwalking,commonsensewouldtellyouthatevenforaplacelikeVauban,Germany,itowesitsexistencetothecars.Doyouthinkthatbicycleswereabletotransportalltheconstructionmaterialsthatwereneededtobuildandmaintaintheeco-friendlyhomesandbusinessesinVauban?Ittookcarstohelpbuildthisutopia.It’soneoftheparadoxesoflifethatsometimesinordertogetawayfromrelyingonsomethinglikethecar,youactuallyhavetorelyonthatverythingatthebeginningandintotheforeseeablefuturetosomedegree.Imyselfhaven’townedacarformorethan14years,andmostlygetaroundtownrunning,walking,orusingpublictransportation.TherearetimesIwishIhadone,sinceitwouldmakemanythingseasier,butoverallI’mgladnottohavetodealwiththeheadachesofowningacar,whichcausedmetogetridofitinthefirstplace.Andallthewalkingandrunninghashelpedtokeepmefitandhealthy.Togetevenclosetobeinglikeeco-friendlyVauban,Americanswillneedtoabsolutelychangethewaytheylive.Commuting(乘車(chē)上下班)patternswillhavetochange,publictransportationwillhavetobeinvestedin,andsoon.Andthoughendingourloveaffairwiththecarwillbeimpossibleduringmylifetime,wemayatleaststarttoseemoreVauban-likeareasintheUSA.WecanhopethatAmericanswillconsiderusingtheirfeetmoretogetaround,cuttingdownonpollution,andgivingthemselvessomemoreexercise.21.Whydon’tover80%oftheresidentsinVaubanowncar?A.ThestreetsthereareverynarrowB.Therearemanylimitationsontheuseofcars.C.Thegovernmentlimitsthenumberofcars.D.Mostcarsbelongtotheirpublicproperty22.Theunderlinedword“paradoxes”inParagraph3probablymeans_____.A.oppositethingsB.bigshortcomingsC.greatstrengthsD.firmbases23.Howdoesthewriterfeelofnotowningacar?A.CuriousB.ProudC.GratefulD.Regretful【答案】21.B22.A23.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，在德國(guó)的沃班，由于一些嚴(yán)格的限制，只有不到五分之一的居民擁有汽車(chē)，這讓沃班成為生態(tài)環(huán)保之城，作者由此認(rèn)為美國(guó)人應(yīng)該改變生活和交通方式，希望美國(guó)也有沃班這樣的綠色之都?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Carsalsoarepreventedfromusingcertainroadsandmuststicktostrictspeedlimits.Withtheselimitations,fewerthan20percentofresidentsowncars.”可知，在沃班，汽車(chē)禁止在某些道路上行駛，而且還有嚴(yán)格的速度限制，正是由于這些限制，只有不到五分之一的居民擁有汽車(chē)，故B項(xiàng)正確。【22題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞前的“Doyouthinkthatbicycleswereabletotransportalltheconstructionmaterialsthatwereneededtobuildandmaintaintheeco-friendlyhomesandbusinessesinVauban?Ittookcarstohelpbuildthisutopia.”可知，自行車(chē)不能運(yùn)輸建設(shè)和維護(hù)沃班生態(tài)環(huán)保型住宅所需要的建筑材料，它們是靠汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸?shù)?，此處是說(shuō)這是生活中的矛盾之一，有時(shí)為了擺脫對(duì)汽車(chē)的依賴(lài)，你必須在開(kāi)始時(shí)依賴(lài)它，由此可知，畫(huà)線詞詞義為“矛盾、對(duì)立物”，故A項(xiàng)正確。【23題詳解】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“butoverallI’mgladnottohavetodealwiththeheadachesofowningacar,whichcausedmetogetridofitinthefirstplace.Andallthewalkingandrunninghashelpedtokeepmefitandhealthy.”可知，作者很高興不必處理?yè)碛幸惠v車(chē)帶來(lái)的麻煩，而且步行和跑步讓他保持健康，由此可知作者很感激沒(méi)有車(chē)給自己帶來(lái)的好處，故C項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】詞義猜測(cè)特的難度較大，對(duì)畫(huà)線詞上下文的理解是關(guān)鍵，例如本篇第3題，根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞前的“Doyouthinkthatbicycleswereabletotransportalltheconstructionmaterialsthatwereneededtobuildandmaintaintheeco-friendlyhomesandbusinessesinVauban?Ittookcarstohelpbuildthisutopia.”可知，自行車(chē)不能運(yùn)輸建設(shè)和維護(hù)沃班生態(tài)環(huán)保型住宅所需要的建筑材料，它們是靠汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸?shù)?，有時(shí)為了擺脫對(duì)汽車(chē)的依賴(lài)，你必須在開(kāi)始時(shí)依賴(lài)它，擺脫和依賴(lài)是相互矛盾的，由此可知，畫(huà)線詞詞義為“矛盾、對(duì)立物”。BAugustusSaint-GaudensandhisfamilyimmigratedtoNewYork,America,fromDublin,Ireland,in1848whenhewasjustsixmonthsold.Ashegrewup,Augustuslikedracinghisfriendsaroundtheblock,buyingcandiesatthestore,especiallydrawing—drawingpicturesoftheshoemakersathisfather'sshoeshop.Attheageof13,hisfathertoldhimitwastimetogotowork.Augustusreplied,"IshouldlikeitifIcoulddosomethingwhichwouldhelpmetobeanartist."Hebeganasanapprenticetoacameocutteroutofstoneandshell,andcarvedcameosofpeople,lions,andeventheheadofHerculesfromGreekmythology,whentheCivilWarhadjustbegun.At19,withhisearningsandhisparents'support,hetravelledtoParisandRomeforfurthertrainingandartisticstudy.Beforeheleft,hedrewaportraitofhismotherinpencilandsculptedasmallbust(半身像)ofhisfatheroutofclay.Then,22-year-oldAugustusopenedanartstudioinRomeandworkedonhisfirstlife-sizedsculpture,calledHiawatha.AnartpatronwasimpressedwiththissculptureandpromisedtohelpAugustus"untilyourgeniusandlaborsshallhavemetwiththerewardtowhichIfeeltheyareentitled".In1876,AugustuswaschosentodesignamonumenttotheCivilWarheroAdmiralDavidFarragutoftheU.S.Navy.Completedfiveyearslater,whenhewas33,hisfirstmajorsculpturefortheU.S.wasunveiledatMadisonSquareinNewYorkCity,thesculptor'sboyhoodhome.Oneartcriticcalledit"thebestmonumentofthekindthecityhastoshow".ThenthegiantStandingLincolninLincolnPark,ChicagoinasettingbyarchitectWhite,1884-1887,wasconsideredthefinestportraitstatueintheU.S.However,in1900,aged52,hisdoctorstoldhimhehadcancer.Eventhoughhewasoftenill,hecontinuedtoworkathishomeandstudioinCornish,NewHampshire.In1905,PresidentTheodoreRooseveltrequestedthatAugustusredesignAmericancoins—toconveythestrengthofthenation.Augustusmadelifelikepencilsketchesofhiscoindesigns.Yet,AugustusdiedinAugust1907,twomonthsbeforehisl0-dollarand20-dollargoldcoinswereissued.AugustusSaint-Gaudenshadfulfilledhisdream-andmore!HewasoneofthegreatestAmericansculptorsnotonlyofhisdaybutalsoofalltime.24.WhatdidAugustuslikedoingasachild?A.Heenjoyedsellingcandiesatthestore.B.Heenjoyedchasingafterhisfriendsatschool.C.Helikeddrawingpicturesofhisfather'sworkers.D.Helikedgoingtoworkasashoemakerinhisfather'sshop.25.HowdidAugustusbecomeasculptor?A.Hereceivedsponsorshipfromanartcritic.B.Hesculptedasmallbustofhisparentsoutofclay.C.HeopenedanartstudioinRomeandworkedonHiawatha.D.Helearnedhardasanapprenticeandcarvedmanyniceworks.26.WhendidRooseveltrequestAugustustoredesignAmericancoins?A.Athisageof33.B.Athisageof57.C.Athisageof52.D.Athisageof59.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThehistoryoftheCivilWar.B.Theremarkablesculptor'slife.C.ThecommentsonAugustus'works.D.Theoutstandingsculptor'smasterpieces.【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.B【解析】本文是一篇人物傳記，主要介紹了美國(guó)杰出的雕刻家Augustus的生平?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ashegrewup,Augustuslikedracinghisfriendsaroundtheblock,buyingcandiesatthestore,especiallydrawing—drawingpicturesoftheshoemakersathisfather'sshoeshop.”可知，Augustus喜歡和朋友們滿街區(qū)地跑，在商店里買(mǎi)糖果，特別是在爸爸的鞋店里給鞋匠們畫(huà)畫(huà)，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Hebeganasanapprenticetoacameocutteroutofstoneandshell,andcarvedcameosofpeople,lions,andeventheheadofHerculesfromGreekmythology,whentheCivilWarhadjustbegun.”可知，他從一個(gè)石雕和貝殼雕刻師的學(xué)徒開(kāi)始，雕刻人物、獅子，乃至希臘神話中的大力神的頭顱，由此可知，他當(dāng)學(xué)徒時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦并雕刻了很多漂亮的作品，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“However,in1900,aged52,hisdoctorstoldhimhehadcancer.”可知，1900年時(shí)，Augustus52歲，再結(jié)合最后一段中的“In1905,PresidentTheodoreRooseveltrequestedthatAugustusredesignAmericancoins”可知，1905年，Augustus57歲的時(shí)候，羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)讓他重新設(shè)計(jì)美國(guó)錢(qián)幣，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)最后一段中的“HewasoneofthegreatestAmericansculptorsnotonlyofhisdaybutalsoofalltime.”可知，本文主要介紹了美國(guó)杰出的雕刻家Augustus的生平，故B項(xiàng)正確。CHumansandmanyothermammalshaveunusuallyefficientinternaltemperatureregulatingsystemsthatautomaticallymaintainstablecorebodytemperatures（核心體溫）incoldwintersandwarmsummers.Inaddition,peoplehavedevelopedculturalpatternsandtechnologiesthathelpthemadjusttoextremesoftemperatureandhumidity（濕度）.Inverycoldclimates,thereisaconstantdangerofdevelopinghypothermia（低體溫）,whichisalifethreateningdropincorebodytemperaturetobelownormallevels.Thenormaltemperatureforhumansisabout37.0°C.However,differencesinpersonsandeventhetimeofdaycancauseittobeasmuchas6°Chigherorlowerinhealthyindividuals.Itisalsonormalforcorebodytemperaturetobelowerinelderlypeople.Hypothermiabeginstooccurwhenthecorebodytemperaturedropsto34.4°C.Below29.4°C,thebodycoolsmorerapidlybecauseitsnaturaltemperatureregulatingsystemusuallyfails.Therapiddeclineincorebodytemperatureislikelytoresultindeath.However,therehavebeenrarecasesinwhichpeoplehavebeensavedaftertheirtemperatureshaddroppedto13.9—15.6°C.Thishappenedin1999toaSwedishwomanwhowastrappedunderanicesheetinfreezingwaterfor80minutes.Shewasfoundunconscious,notbreathing,andherhearthadstoppedbeating,yetshewaseventuallysaveddespitethefactthathertemperaturehaddroppedto13.7°C.Inextremelyhotclimatesorasaresultofuncontrollableinfections,corebodytemperaturescanrisetoequallydangerouslevels.Thisishyperthermia.Lifethreateninghyperthermiatypicallystartsinhumanswhentheirtemperaturesriseto40.6—41.7°C.Onlyafewdaysatthisextraordinarilyhightemperaturelevelislikelytoresultintheworseningofinternalorgansanddeath.28.Whycanhumanskeepstablebodytemperaturesindifferentseasons?A.Becausetheirbodiesareunusuallyefficient.B.Becausetheyexperiencedifferentclimates.C.Becausetheycanadjusttoculturalpatternsandtechnologies.D.Becausetheyhaveinternaltemperatureregulatingsystems.29.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlydiscuss?A.Thedangerouseffectsofhypothermia.B.Thechangeofbodytemperature.C.ThesurvivaloftheSwedishwoman.D.Theregulatingsystemsofnaturaltemperature.30.Peopleareunlikelytosurviveunderthebodytemperature.A.higherthan34.4°CB.lowerthan29.4°CC.between40.6—41.7°CD.between34.4—37°C31.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SurvivinginanicetrapB.GettingtoknowhypothermiaC.AdaptingtoclimateextremesD.Changingcorebodytemperature【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.C【解析】試題分析：本文主要講述的是人體內(nèi)有調(diào)節(jié)體溫的系統(tǒng)，能讓人適應(yīng)不同的外部氣溫?！?8題詳解】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句Humansandmanyothermammalshaveunusuallyefficientinternaltemperatureregulatingsystemsthatautomaticallymaintainstablecorebodytemperatures（核心體溫）incoldwintersandwarmsummers.可知人類(lèi)保持穩(wěn)定的核心體溫是因?yàn)槿梭w內(nèi)有調(diào)節(jié)體溫的系統(tǒng)。故D正確?！?9題詳解】A段落大意題。第二段第一句Inverycoldclimates,thereisaconstantdangerofdevelopinghypothermia（低體溫）,whichisalifethreateningdropincorebodytemperaturetobelownormallevels.中提出低體溫對(duì)人來(lái)說(shuō)是一大威脅。接下來(lái)對(duì)這一情況展開(kāi)說(shuō)明?？芍径沃饕v述的是低體溫對(duì)人體健康的影響。故A正確?！?0題詳解】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第六句Below29.4°C,thebodycoolsmorerapidlybecauseitsnaturaltemperatureregulatingsystemusuallyfails.可知在29.4度以下，人體的溫度會(huì)迅速下降，因?yàn)檎{(diào)節(jié)體溫的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)失靈了，人就很難存活下來(lái)。故B正確?！?1題詳解】C標(biāo)題概括題。本文主要講述的是人體內(nèi)有調(diào)節(jié)體溫的系統(tǒng)，能讓人適應(yīng)不同的外部氣溫。AB項(xiàng)只涉及低溫，D項(xiàng)只提到改變核心體溫。C項(xiàng)較為全面地介紹了全文內(nèi)容?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】選擇“標(biāo)題”則是讓考生給所讀的文章選擇一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題。通常標(biāo)題由一個(gè)名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，用詞簡(jiǎn)短、精練。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?2.Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?3.Thebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe________.4.Thetopicofthispassageis_________.不管是選擇“主題”還是選擇“標(biāo)題”，實(shí)質(zhì)上都是要求考生從整體上理解語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，找出貫穿語(yǔ)篇的主線；不管是何種體裁的文章，總是圍繞一個(gè)主題來(lái)展開(kāi)的。在試題設(shè)計(jì)上，3個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)內(nèi)容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要內(nèi)容，需要注意甄別。文章標(biāo)題的選擇或擬定1.要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)考慮這句話或短語(yǔ)與文章主題是否有密切的聯(lián)系；2.再看它對(duì)文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何；3.要注意題目是過(guò)大還是過(guò)?。?.要避免下列三種錯(cuò)誤：①概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，從而導(dǎo)致范圍太?。?；②過(guò)度概括（多表現(xiàn)為人為擴(kuò)大范圍）；③以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代抽象概括的大意。要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡x好標(biāo)題，還需要了解標(biāo)題的基本擬定方式。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，標(biāo)題的擬定方式是：以話題為核心，將控制性概念的詞按一定的語(yǔ)法濃縮為概括主題句句意或中心思想的詞組。比如某一文章的中心句子為：Coffeeisauniversaldrinkthatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld.話題：Coffee控制性概念：isauniversaldrinkthatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld標(biāo)題：CoffeeAroundtheWorld。考點(diǎn)：考查科普說(shuō)明文閱讀DNoonelikestomakemistakes.Butanewstudysaysorganizationslearnmorefromtheirfailuresthanfromtheirsuccesses,andkeepthatknowledgelonger.OneoftheresearcherswasVinitDesai,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofColoradoDenverBusinessSchool.HeworkedwithPeterMadsenfromtheMarriottSchoolofManagementatBrighamYoungUniversityinUtah.Theydidnotfindmuchlong-term"organizationallearning"fromsuccess.Itispossible,theysay.ButProfessorDesaisaystheyfoundthatknowledgegainedfromfailurelastsforyears.Hesaysorganizationsshouldtreatfailuresasalearningopportunityandnottrytoignorethem.Thestudylookedatcompaniesandorganizationsthatlaunchsatellitesandotherspacevehicles.ProfessorDesaicomparedtwoshuttleflights.Intwothousandtwo,apieceofinsulating(隔熱的)materialbrokeoffduringlaunchanddamagedarocketontheAtlantis.Stilltheflightwasconsideredasuccess.Theninearlytwothousandthree,apieceofinsulationstrucktheColumbiaduringlaunch.Thistime,theshuttlebrokeapartonre-entryandthesevencrewmembersdied.NASAofficialssuspendedallflightsandaninvestigationledtosuggestedchanges.ProfessorDesaisaysthesearchforsolutionsafterafailurecanmakeleadersmoreopen-minded.Hepointstoair-linesasanexampleofanindustrythathaslearnedfromfailuresinthepast.Headvisesorganizationstolookforusefulinformationinsmallfailuresandfailurestheyavoided.Healsourgesleaderstoencouragetheopensharingofinformation.ThestudyappearedintheAcademyofmanagementJournal.Themistakeswelearnfromdonothavetobeourown.WerecentlyaskedpeopleonourFacebookpagetotellusatimetheyhaddonesomethingreallysilly.FabricioCminowrote:NotlongagoIwantedtowatchTV,butitwouldn'tturnon,soIdideverythingIcouldtostartit.Thirtyminuteslatermymumshowedupand,passingby,saidtome"Didyoutrypluggingit?""I'mjustdusting,Mum!"Soshewouldn’tnoticehowdumbIamsometimes!BrunoKanieskidaSilvatoldaboutatimehelookedeverywhereforhiskey.Itwasinhispocket.Hewrote:IalwayspromiseIwillneverdoitagain,butafterafewweeks,whereismywallet?Forsureitwillbeinaverylogicalplace.32.Whatwegetfromfailurediffersfromthatfromsuccessisthat________.A.whatwelearnfromfailureismorepowerfulB.whatwelearnfromsuccessdoesnogoodtousC.theknowledgegainedfromfailureisimportantD.theknowledgegainedfromfailurelastslonger33.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________.A.theinsulatingmaterialproblemin2002didn'tarouseenoughattentionB.therewerenoastronautsonColumbiaC.inspiteoftheproblem,AtlantiswasconsideredasuccessD.Columbiaexplodedduringitslaunchtime34.Thewritergivesthelasttwoparagraphstoshowthat________.A.manypeoplemakemistakesintheworldB.mistakeswereaveryembarrassingthingwhenfoundbyothersC.wecanalsodrawalessonfromothers’mistakesD.makingmistakeswasanecessity35.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Onlyorganizationscanlearnfrommistakes.B.Failuremayresultfromfaultsthathavebeenignored.C.Lessonsfromtheshuttleflightsaremoreimportant.D.Leadersoftenlackanopenmindandseldomshareinformation.【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。沒(méi)有人喜歡犯錯(cuò)誤，但是一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，與成功相比，一個(gè)組織機(jī)構(gòu)可以從失敗中吸取更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，而且這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)能夠在更長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里發(fā)揮作用。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Butanewstudysaysorganizationslearnmorefromtheirfailuresthanfromtheirsuccesses,andkeepthatknowledgelonger.可知，最新的研究表明，組織從失敗中學(xué)到的東西比從成功中多，失敗中學(xué)到的知識(shí)比從成功中學(xué)到的知識(shí)持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，故選D。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Intwothousandtwo,apieceofinsulating(隔熱的)materialbrokeoffduringlaunchanddamagedarocketontheAtlantis.Still,theflightwasconsideredasuccess.可知，發(fā)射過(guò)程中，隔熱材料的脫落使火箭遭到了損壞，但那次航天飛行卻被認(rèn)為是成功的，說(shuō)明隔熱材料存在的問(wèn)題沒(méi)有引起人們足夠的注意，故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中Themistakeswelearnfromdonothavetobeourown.可知，人們也可以從他人的錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)，第六段其他內(nèi)容和第七段講的是這樣的兩個(gè)例子，故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中Headvisesorganizationstolookforusefulinformationinsmallfailuresandfailurestheyavoided.”可知，ProfessorDesai建議有關(guān)部門(mén)從不起眼的小錯(cuò)誤或成功避開(kāi)的錯(cuò)誤中尋找有用的信息，說(shuō)明人們可以從一些未發(fā)生的錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)，故選B。【點(diǎn)睛】推理判斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定的推理判斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，推理題的答