第13講+非謂語動(dòng)詞+學(xué)案 高考英語語法30講+

PAGE第13份高中語法講義非謂語動(dòng)詞年月日 語法項(xiàng)目13非謂語動(dòng)詞（Non-finiteV.）重點(diǎn)用法①動(dòng)詞不定式的形式、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)用法：1.不定式的基本形式為“to+動(dòng)詞原形”；否定式為“not/never+to+動(dòng)詞原形”。Thedoctoradvisedmetotakemedicine.醫(yī)生建議我吃藥。Hetoldmenottodoso.他叫我別那么做。2.動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱、數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化：（1）一般式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)→todo；被動(dòng)語態(tài)→tobedone（2）完成式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)→tohavedone；被動(dòng)語態(tài)→tohavebeendone（3）進(jìn)行式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)→tobedoing；被動(dòng)語態(tài)→（無）（4）完成進(jìn)行式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)→tohavebeendoing；被動(dòng)語態(tài)→（無）重點(diǎn)用法②動(dòng)詞不定式的用法用法：1.不定式作名詞的用法：不定式可以像名詞一樣，在句中作主語、表語、賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。不定式作主語和表語Theyagreedtogiveittomethenextday.不定式作賓語他們同意第二天將它給我。Idon’twishthesubjecttoberaisedagain.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語我不希望再提起這個(gè)話題。2.不定式作副詞的用法：不定式可作副詞用，修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞，在句中作狀語，表目的、原因、結(jié)果等。Hecametogiveusatalkyesterday.不定式表目的他昨天來（為了）給我們作報(bào)告。Iamsorrytohearthesadnews.不定式表原因聽到這個(gè)壞消息，我很難過。Iwastootiredtomove.我累得不能動(dòng)了。不定式表結(jié)果3.不定式作形容詞的用法：不定式作形容詞用時(shí)，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中擔(dān)任定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后，二者在邏輯上既可是主謂關(guān)系，也可是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不定式后要加上相應(yīng)的介詞。Ihavenofriendstohelpme.不定式tohelp和名詞friends是主謂關(guān)系我沒有朋友來幫助我。Ihavetoomanythingstodo.不定式todo和名詞things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系我有太多事情要做。提示：動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語（不定式短語）移到句末。不定式前有時(shí)還會(huì)帶一個(gè)of或for引導(dǎo)的邏輯主語。“forsb.”前的形容詞常表客觀屬性，“ofsb.”前的形容詞常表主觀感情或態(tài)度。Itisdifficultforthestudentstoreadthebook.學(xué)生們讀這本書有點(diǎn)兒難。Itiscarelessofhimtobreakthecup.他太粗心了，把杯子打碎了。在hope，demand，agree，refuse等后可接不定式作賓語，但不能接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，即不能說hope/demand/agree/refusesb.todo。不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如果與賓語在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，不定式用主動(dòng)式；如果與賓語在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式用被動(dòng)式。注意：不定式與疑問詞who，what，which，when，where，how等連用構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可擔(dān)任主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語等。Whattodoisabigproblem.做什么是個(gè)大問題。Ididn’tfindoutwhentoleave.我不清楚何時(shí)出發(fā)。Shewilltelluswheretogoandwhentostart.她將會(huì)告訴我們?nèi)ツ睦锖褪裁磿r(shí)候出發(fā)。Thequestionishowtogetthere.問題是如何到那兒去。重點(diǎn)用法③動(dòng)詞不定式的省略用法：1.某些感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，作其賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式省略to。Iheardhersinginthekitchen.我聽見她在廚房里唱歌。2.兩個(gè)（以上）不定式并列，尤其是由and或or連接時(shí)，第二個(gè)不定式中常常省略to。Ipromisedtofinishmyhomeworkand(to)handitinonetime.我答應(yīng)完成作業(yè)并按時(shí)交上。3.but，except，besides等前有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后可跟不帶to的不定式。Theenemycandonothingbut/exceptsurrender.敵人除了投降，別無選擇。4.在hadbetterdosth.；had/wouldratherdosth.；had/wouldratherdosth.thatdosth.；cannotbutdosth.等句型中，省略了to。Shewouldrathersavemoneythanbuyclothes.她寧愿攢錢也不想買衣服。5.一個(gè)動(dòng)詞在前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過，再次以不定式形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，可省略不定式中的動(dòng)詞原形，而只保留to。Hedoesn’tgojoggingasheusedto.他不再像過去一樣慢跑了。提示：當(dāng)一個(gè)不定式被省略時(shí)，如為“todo”型不定式，to要保留下來，表示省略了一個(gè)不定式；如為“tobe”型或“tohavedone”型不定式，則保留to，并加be或have。-Wouldyouliketobeateacher?你想當(dāng)老師嗎？-Yes,I’dliketobe.是的，想。重點(diǎn)用法④動(dòng)詞不定式的重要句型用法：1.ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.表示“請(qǐng)/告訴某人（不要）做某事”。Hermotheraskedhertowashthedishes.她媽媽讓她洗碗。2.want/wish(sb.)todosth.表示“想（讓某人）去做某事”。Iwant/wishtobeanactress.我想成為一名女演員。3.hopetodosth.表示“希望做某事”。Ihopetodoitmyself.我希望親自做這件事。4.too+形容詞/副詞+(to)dosth.表示“太……（以致）不能……”。Hewastoonervoustosayaword.他太緊張了，以至于說不出一句話來。5.too...+forsb.todosth.表示“對(duì)某人來說，太……以致不能……”。Itistoodarkforhimtoseeanythingintheroom.房間里太黑，他什么也看不見。6.形容詞+enoughtodosth.表示“太……（以至）不能……”。Mysonisoldenoughtogotoschool.我兒子足夠大了，到上學(xué)的年齡了。重點(diǎn)用法⑤動(dòng)詞-ing形式的概述用法：動(dòng)詞-ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞兩種，由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成。其時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)如下（以及物動(dòng)詞do為例）：（1）一般式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)→doing；被動(dòng)語態(tài)→beingdone（2）完成式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)→havingdone；被動(dòng)語態(tài)→havingbeendone（3）完成進(jìn)行式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)→havingbeendoing；被動(dòng)語態(tài)→（無）如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，則沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)也沒有完成進(jìn)行式，以不及物動(dòng)詞go為例，其一般式為going，完成式為havinggone。Theboyisfondofplayingfootball.這個(gè)男孩喜歡踢足球。Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.這只松鼠很幸運(yùn)，差一點(diǎn)被抓到。提示：動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式是在其前加not。Notknowinghowtodyethesilkred,hewenttoherforhelp.由于不知道怎樣把絲綢染成紅色，他去向她求助。重點(diǎn)用法⑥動(dòng)詞-ing形式的用法用法：1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語，表示經(jīng)常性、事物化、抽象化的行為。Readingbooksmakesonewise.讀書使人明智。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語，表示較抽象的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或主語的特征、性質(zhì)。Herinterestiscollectingshoes.她的愛好是收集鞋子。3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式可作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語。后跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語的動(dòng)詞與短語有admit，advise，consider，enjoy，can’thelp，feellike等。Ienjoylisteningtorockmusic.我喜歡聽搖滾樂。4.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語，表示所修飾詞的用途或經(jīng)常性或進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作。Thereisaswimmingpoolinmycard.我的院子里有一個(gè)游泳池。5.動(dòng)詞-ing形式可在動(dòng)詞feel，hear，smell，listento，leave，keep，set等后作賓補(bǔ)。賓語和賓補(bǔ)在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，狀態(tài)正在持續(xù)。Whatshesaidsetmethinkingdeeply.她說的話使我深思。6.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間、原因、讓步、方式、伴隨、結(jié)果等狀語。Walkinginthestreet,Isawafriendofmine.走在街上，我遇見了一個(gè)朋友。提示：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，有時(shí)用it作形式主語來代替動(dòng)名詞短語，常見句型為：It’snouse/nogood/useless/notanyuse+(sb’s)doing...It’snogoodtalkingtohim.同他談沒用。重點(diǎn)用法⑦過去分詞的概述用法：過去分詞的基本形式是“動(dòng)詞原形加-ed”，但也有不規(guī)則的形式，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞要逐個(gè)記憶。過去分詞一般表示完成和被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，只有一種形式。Lookatthebrokenglasses.看看那些碎了的玻璃杯。重點(diǎn)用法⑧過去分詞的用法用法：1.過去分詞作表語，表示被動(dòng)或者表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。Iwaspleasedatthenews.聽到這個(gè)消息，我很高興。2.過去分詞作定語，一般都含完成和被動(dòng)之意。但不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語不表示被動(dòng)意義，只表示完成意義。Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.地上有許多落葉。3.過去分詞可在動(dòng)詞see，feel，hear，notice，watch，make，let，get等后作賓補(bǔ)，賓補(bǔ)和賓語在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Iheardthewindowsbeatenbyraindrops.我聽到雨點(diǎn)敲打窗戶的聲音。4.過去分詞作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、伴隨、結(jié)果等。Wounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.雖然受傷了，那位勇敢的戰(zhàn)士繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗。重點(diǎn)用法⑨獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的概述用法：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞或主格代詞加上其他成分（非謂語動(dòng)詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語）構(gòu)成，在語法上是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的短語，不是句子；在意思上依附于整個(gè)句子，其作用相當(dāng)于狀語從句，可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨狀況等。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可置于句首或句尾，其邏輯主語與句中主語不同，不指同一人或同一物。Springcomingon,thetreesturngreen.春天來了，樹都變綠了。表時(shí)間，獨(dú)立主格中邏輯主語是spring，句中主語是thetreesGarysatsilently,eyesclosed.加里靜靜地坐著，雙眼緊閉。表伴隨，獨(dú)立主語中邏輯主語是eyes，句中主語是Gary重點(diǎn)用法⑩獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成及用法用法：1.名詞/主格代詞+不定式：名詞或代詞是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，與不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可位于句首或句末，不定式多表示將來的動(dòng)作。Theteachertohelpus,wewillsucceed.有老師的幫助，我們就能成功。2.名詞/主格代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：名詞或代詞通常為現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Timepermitting,wecanfinishthework.若時(shí)間許可，我們就能完成這項(xiàng)工作。3.名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞：名詞或代詞通常為過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，與過去分詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.發(fā)出信號(hào)后，汽車開始前進(jìn)。4.名詞/主格代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語：形容詞、副詞或介詞短語常用來說明或代詞的特征、性質(zhì)或所處狀態(tài)。Themeetingover,thestudentsweredismissed.會(huì)議結(jié)束，學(xué)生們解散了。5.Therebeing+名詞/代詞。Therebeingnobuses,Ihadtowalkhome.因?yàn)闆]有車，我不得不步行回家。提示：“with/without+名詞/代詞賓格+不定式/分詞/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語”的作用相當(dāng)于獨(dú)立主格短語，在句中可作時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式、伴隨等狀語。另外，此結(jié)構(gòu)還可作后置定語，修飾其前的名詞。Ican’tgoout,withalotofhomeworktodo.表原因我不能出去，因?yàn)橛性S多作業(yè)要做。Theclassroomisverybrightwithallthelightsturnedon.表原因教室里所有的燈都開著，非常明亮。Helayonthegrass,withhiseyeslookingatthesky.表方式他躺在草地上，眼睛注視著天空。

【課后作業(yè)】A.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thedoctortoldhimnothingbut______(stop)smoking.2.Therewasnothingforthemtodobut______(remain)silent.3.Ifounditimpossibleforhim______(do)thejobalone.4.It'sagreatpityforthere_______(be)muchtroubleinthecompany.5.Wehadnothingtodoatthattimebut______(lie)downtosleep.6.Wehadnochoiceatthattimeexcept______(lie)downtosleep.7.WhatIreallywantedtodowas______(write)aletter.8.AllIdidwas_______(clean)theroom.9.______(finish)theworkintenminutesisveryhard.10.Marxfounditimportant_______(study)thesituationinRussia.11.What________(do)nextisuptoyou.12.Wedon'tknowwhenandwhere______(hold)themeeting.13.Whynotwearaflower______(go)tothedinnerparty?14.I'mdoingtheexercisessothatIwon'thave______(do)themonNationalDay.15.Englishisnottoodifficult______(learn).16.Heistoowise______(notsee)that.17.Weareonlytoowilling______(do)itforyou.18.Iamonlytoodelighted_______(accept)yourkindinvitation.19.Asateacher,youcanneverbetoopatient_______(do)withslowstudents.20.Hecametothepartywithout_______(invite).21.Thesecretarywasscoldedfornothavingfinished______(type)thereportintime.22.Heforgot_______(take)toGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.23.Hesuggestedour/us______(try)itonceagain.24.Missingthetrainmeans______(wait)foranotherhour.25.Thewindowneeds______(clean).26.Ilikeplayingfootball,butIdon'tlike______(play)itthisafternoon.27.Aman_______(get)upassoonasthecockcrowsisahard-workingman.28.Thesuggestion______(send)tothecommitteewasadopted.29.Themusicismuch______(please)totheear.30.Theyare_______(satisfy)withtheirpresentjob.31.______(hear)thenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.32.______(see)fromthepagoda,thefootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.33.When_______(leave)theairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.34.Unless_______(speak)to,thegirlneverspeakstoothers.35.Theywenttothepark,singingand______(talk).36.Theproblem_______(discuss)isveryimportant.37.______(do)hishomework,heplayedbasketball.38.______(tell)manytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.39.While_______(wait)there,hesawtwoprettygirlscomeoutofthebuilding.40.Once______(see),itcanneverbeforgotten.41.Though________(tell)ofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.42.________(judge)fromhisface,hemustbeill.43.Generally_______(speak),dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.44.Spring_______(come)on,thetreesturngreen.45.Allthings_______(consider),theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.46.Iheardher________(cry)sadlyinthenextroom.47.IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIheardmyname________(call).48.Withtheoldman_________(lead)us,wehadnotroubleinfindingthemountainvillage.49.Withtheoldman________(lead)us,wewillhavenotroubleinfindingthemountainvillage.50.Withalltheproblems________(solve),theheadmasterishavingagoodtime.51.________(smoke)isprohibitedhere.52.Itisnotverygoodforyou_________(smoke)somuch.53.________(climb)mountainsisinteresting.54.________(drive)acarduringtherushhouristiring.55.________(do)twothingsatatimeistodoneither.56.WhatIwouldsuggestis_________(start)workatonce.57.Hiswishis_______(buy)aluxuriouscarinthenearfuture.58.Themostimportantthingis_______(negotiate)withthemaboutthefutureoftheplant.59.Hisvictoryinthefinalwasnomore_______(convince)thanIhadexpected.60.Thepupilswillget________(confuse)iftheyaremadetolearntoomuch.61.Theargumentisvery_______(encourage).62.Theywerevery________(excite)atthenews.63.Iappreciate_______(have)beengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.64.Don'tyouremember_______(see)themanbefore?65.Youmustremember________(leave)tomorrow.66.Idon'tregret_______(tell)herwhatIthought.67.Iregret________(have)todothis,butIhavenochoice.68.Youmusttry________(be)morecareful.69.Let'stry________(do)theworksomeotherway.70.Ididn'tmean________(hurt)yourfeeling.71.Hewasthelastone_______(leave)schoolyesterday.72.Thetrain_______(arrive)wasfromLondon.73.Gethimsomething_______(eat).74.Shehasalotofwork_______(do)inthemorning.75.Hiswish________(buy)acarcametrue.76.Theirdecision_______(giveup)theexperimentsurprisedus.77.Heisalwaysthefirst_______(come)andthelasttoleave.78.Herushedintothe_______(burn)house.79.Thechild________(stand)overthereismybrother.80.Theroom________(face)southisourclassroom.81.Haveyougotyourwatch_______(repair)?82.Doyouwanttoseethedoctor_______(send)forfromBeijing?83.Doyouwanttoseethedoctor_______(work)onthecasereportintheoffice?84.Hewentout________(shut)thedoorbehindhim.85._______(notknow)whattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.86._______(give)moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.87._______(face)withdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.88.Theystoodbytheroadside_______(talk)abouttheplan.89.Westudentsshouldhavethecourage_______(face)anydifficulty.90._______(read)carefully,hefoundsomethinghehadnotknownbefore.91.Hisfamilywastoopoor________(support)him.92.Theboyisnottallenough________(reach)thebookshelf.93.When________(start)hasnotbeendecided.94.Thedifficultywashow________(cross)theriver.95.Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcannothelpbut_______(get)yourshoeswet.96.Hewassurprised_______(find)thesheepbreakfenceatthisseason.97.Theboypretended_______(work)hard.98.Heispleased_______(meet)hisfriend.99.Weoftenheardher________(sing)inthenextroom.100.Shewasoftenheard________(sing)inthenextroom.B.在短文內(nèi)填入所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式PassageAIcame(1)_______(study)intheUnitedStatesayearago.YetIdidnotknowtherealAmericansocietyuntilIwasinjuredinacaraccidentbecauseaftertheaccidentIhadtoseeadoctorandgotocourt.Aftertheaccident,myroommatecalledadoctorforme.Iwasverygratefulanddetermined(2)_______(reply)himoneday.Butthenextday,heaskedme(3)________(pay)him$200forwhathehaddone.Iwasastonished.Hehadgoodreason(4)________(charge)me,hesaid.AndifIwanted(5)________(collect)moneyfromthepersonwhowasresponsibleformyinjury,I'dhavetohaveagoodlawyer.Andonlyagooddoctorcanhelpme(6)_______(get)agoodlawyer.Nowthathehadhelpedme(7)________(find)agooddoctor,itwasonlyfairthatIshouldpayhim.ButeverydayIwent(8)_______(see)thedoctor,Ihadtowaitabout50minutes.Hewouldseetwoorthreepatientsatthesametime,andoftenstop(9)_______(treat)onesoas(10)_______(see)another.YethechargedmeS115eachtime.Thefinalexaminationreportconsistedoftenlines,anditcostme$215.Mylawyerwasallsmilesthefirsttimewemet.Butafterthatheavoided(11)_______(see)meatall.Heknewverywelltheotherpartywasresponsiblefortheaccident,yethehardlydidanything.Hesimplywaited(12)_______(collect)hismoney.HewassoirresponsiblethatIdecided(13)_______(dismiss)him.Andhemademe(14)________(pay)him$770.NowIhadtoactasmyownlawyer.Duetomyinexperience,ItoldtheinsurancecompanythedateIwasleavingAmerica.(15)_______(know)that,theyplayedfortime...andIleftwithout(16)_______(get)acent.PassageBLastyear,herlifetookatragicturn.HerhusbanddiedofAIDS;she(17)_______(find)outHIV-positiveandhermother-in-lawtookherchildrenawayfromher,(18)_______(say)theywouldgetthedisease."Whenfriends(19)_______(drop)foravisit,shewouldintroduceme,(20)_______(say),Sheismyson'swidow.ShehasAIDS,"saidMala.SouthAfricahasoneoftheworld'sfastest(21)_______(grow)HIVinfections,with1,700people(22)_______(infect)daily,(23)_______(add)tothe4.3million,or10percentofitspopulation,(24)_______(live)withHIV.Untilnow,Asiahasbeenmoresuccessfulin(25)______(hold)theAIDSvirusthanAfrica,wherethedisease(26)_______(kill)about12millionpeople.AIDSisnowthreatening(27)______(surround)manyofAsia'spoverty-strickencountries.CountriesinAsia,suchasCambodia,andThailand,(28)________(have)HIVinfectionspeedsover1percent.GordonAlexander,asenioadvisorforUNAIDSinIndia,estimatesthatthenumber(29)_______(hit)byAIDSinAsiawillclimbabouteightmillionoverthenextfiveyearsfromaboutsixmillion.InmanyAsiancountries,thebattleagainstHIVisasocialandculturaloneagainstpublicdiscussionofsexualhealthputanationwidemediacampaignintoaction(30)_______(limit)thespeedofHIVthroughunsafesex.BrentonWong,anofficialforSingapore'sActionforAIDS,(31)_______(say)theactualHIVincidenceinthecitystateof3.9millionpeopleisatleasteighttimeshigherthanofficialdata."Shameanddenyisstillvery,verycommonsopeopleareafraid(32)______(get)testedandmanytimeswon'teventelltheirfamiliesiftheytestpositive,"saidWong.PassageCIt'sacommonperceptionportrayedinmoviesfrom“TheBreakfastClub"to"MeanGirls."Teenagefriendshipsareformedbyjoiningcliques(派系)suchasjocks,geeksandgoths.Butanationalstudy(33)_______(lead)byaMichiganStateUniversityscholarfindsthatthecoursesstudentstakehavepowerfuleffectsonthefriendshipstheymake.Thestudy(34)_______(fund)bytheNationalScienceFoundationandtheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Thefindings,(35)_______(publish)intheAmericanJournalofSociology,indicatethepatternofcourse-takingisdistinctivetoeachhighschool.Inoneschool,forexample,friendshipsmayformamongstudents(36)_______(take)woodshop,SpanishandEuropeanhistory,whileinanotheritmaybeamongstudents(37)_______(take)agriculturalbusinessmanagement,advancedaccountingandcalculus(微積分).Peoplegenerallywant(38)________(think)thatkids(39)_______(choose)theirfriendsfromthewell-knowncategorieslikejocksandnerds-thatit'slike“TheBreakfastClub”andthesameateveryschool,saidKennethFrank,professorinMSU'sCollegeofEducation.Studentsweremorelikely(40)_______(make)friendsinsmallclasses,oftenelectives,whichsetthemofffromthegeneralstudentpopulation.Friendshipsweremorelikely(41)_______(create)inLatin4andwoodshop,forexample,thaninalargephysicaleducationclassthatisrequiredofeveryoneinaparticulargrade.Studentswhotakethesamesetofcoursestend(42)_______(get)toknoweachanotherverywellandfocuslessonsocialstatus,suchashow“cool”someoneis.Inaddition,Franksaidgirlsaremorelikelytotakemoredemandingmathclassesifothergirlsintheirsharedsetsofcoursestook(43)_______(advance)math."Inotherwords,"hesaid,"thepeergroupsthatformedaround(44)_______(share)courseshadimplicationsforstudents'academiceffortaswellastheirsocialworld.”Thefindingshaveimplicationsforschooladministratorsaswell.Schoolsthatsimplyofferclasseswithoutthoughtto(45)_______(mix)uphighandlowachievingstudentsruntheriskof(46)_______(drive)themapartsociallyandacademically,Franksaid.“Thiswouldgivethestudentsinthelowergroupa'beacon'ofsorts-orotherswhocouldbethereasamarker(47)_______(help)them(48)________(move)along."C.中譯英1.我預(yù)計(jì)他明天到達(dá)。2.我希望趕上早班火車。3.是誰聽到他這樣說的?4.擦洗汽車似乎是你的主要愛好。5.在她的許多朋友中似乎沒有一個(gè)愿意幫她的。6.我媽媽不會(huì)讓我去看電影的。7.我不喜歡牛奶,可是母親強(qiáng)迫我喝。8.我看著她上了車。9.我看見這個(gè)女人進(jìn)了一家銀行。10.我們聽這位老人講述他的經(jīng)歷。11.我可以幫忙扛這個(gè)重箱子嗎?12.一個(gè)婦女幫那個(gè)男孩撿拾散亂一地的錢幣。13.除了等,我沒有別的選擇。14.除了做飯之外她什么都會(huì)。15.你現(xiàn)在要做的只是把這張表填好。16.前進(jìn)是現(xiàn)在唯一的出路。17.他叫我在那兒等他。18.說服人容易,強(qiáng)迫人難。19.嘗試而失敗總比不嘗試好。20.他己不是原來的那個(gè)樣子了。21.我的鞋帶老是松開。22.設(shè)法想象你是在月球上散步。23.我建議等到適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)。24.他一定要送我們回家。25.我承認(rèn)窗子是我打破的。26.她否認(rèn)看見過我。27.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記那天下午見到你的情況。28.不要吃飯后就游泳。29.她等一會(huì)兒才做出決定。30.迷路有時(shí)很可怕。31.爬山是費(fèi)勁的事。32.早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。33.現(xiàn)今找工作可不容易。34.眼見為實(shí)。35.她的愛好是種植玫瑰。36.問題是如何了解消費(fèi)者的需要。37.他們一直在談?wù)摯耸隆?8.他建議搬到鄉(xiāng)下去,這對(duì)身體有好處。39.這種行為能叫為人民服務(wù)嗎?40.我管這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。41.我們需要一種新的工作方法。42.醫(yī)生叫我不要服安眠藥。43.正在維修的那座樓是我們的圖書館。44.博物館失竊的畫仍未找到。45.航空信應(yīng)該比平信到得快。46.人們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)女人很有錢。47.問他為什么要來,他一言不發(fā)。48.他走了進(jìn)來,后面跟著他的秘書。49.他們多3張票,可以給我一張。50.她有足夠的衣服穿,所以不用擔(dān)心。51.火車上沒有座位可坐了。52.有一位先生要求見你。53.醫(yī)生叫我按時(shí)服藥多休息。54.明年建的那座房子是家電影院。55.現(xiàn)在正在建的房子是家購物中心。56.去年建的那座房子是家超市。57.見到貓,老鼠就跑了。58.他坐在椅子上看報(bào)。59.如果多給點(diǎn)時(shí)間,我們可以做得更好。60.我們用電腦處理我們工作中的問題。61.為了趕火車,她匆匆做完了她的工作。62.由于身體虛弱,她不能行動(dòng)。82.我不知道怎樣找到地鐵,就去找警察幫忙。83.看到?jīng)]人在家,她決定給他們留個(gè)條。84.秘書工作到晚上很晚,給總統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)備一篇演說稿。85.對(duì)噪音感到厭煩,所以他把窗戶關(guān)上。86.她深深地受了感動(dòng),再三謝我。87.在我母親勸說下,她才高興地獨(dú)自去那里。88.完工后,他收拾起工具走了。89.如果不用信用卡付款,請(qǐng)用現(xiàn)金付。90.教授站在那里,許多學(xué)生圍著他。91.我沒有遵守諾言,我道歉。92.我再也不能忍受被那樣對(duì)待。93.在英國(guó)受過訓(xùn),她感到自豪。94.辦公室的燈沒亮著.是她關(guān)的,但她忘記關(guān)過燈。95.她停下來,在路邊的一塊大石頭上休息。96.只要你活著,你的心臟就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)停止跳動(dòng)。97.他作完數(shù)學(xué)后,接著又做物理。98.她聽見敲門聲,停止了工作去開門。99.雨停了,太陽開始出來了。100.希望你原諒我問了這么多問題。答案：—A12345678tostoptoremaintodotobelietoliewriteclean/toclean910111213141516Tofinishtostudytodotoholdtogotodotolearnnottosee17182021222324todotoaccepttodobeinginvitedtypinghavingbeentakentryingwaiting2526272829303132tobecleanedtoplaygettingsentpleasingsatisfiedHearingSeen3334353637383940leavingspokentalkingbeingdiscussedHavingdoneHavingbeentoldwaitingseen4142434445464748toldJudgingspeakingcomingconsideredcryingcalledleading4950515253545556toleadsolvedSmokingtosmokeClimbingDrivingTodotostart5758596061626364tobuytonegotiateconvincingconfusedencouragingexcitedhavingseeing6566676869707172toleavetellingtohavetobedoingtohurttoleavetoarrive7374757677787980toeattodotobuytogiveuptocomeBurningstandingfacing8182838485868788repairedtobesentworkingshuttingNotknowingGivenFacedtalking8990919293949596tofaceReadingtosupporttoreachtostarttocrossgettingtofind979899100tobeworkingtohavemetsingtosing—B12345678tostudytorepaytopaytochargetocollectgetfindtosee910111213141516treatingtoseeseeingtocollecttodismisspayknowinggetting1718192021222324wasfoundsayingdroppingsayinggrowinginfectedaddingliving2526272829303132holdinghaskilledtosurroundhavehittolimitsaystoget3334353637383940ledwasfundedpublishedtakingtakingtothinkarechoosingtomake4142434445464748tobecreatedtogetadvancedsharedmixingdrivingtohelpmove—C1.Iexpecthimtoarrivetomorrow.2.Ihopetocatchanearlytrain.3.Whoheardhimsaythat?4.Washingthecarseemstobeyourmainhobby.5.Noneofhermanyfriendsseemedtowanttohelpher.6.Mymotherwouldn'tletmegotothefilm.7.Idon'tlikemilk,butmothermademedrinkit.8.Iwatchedhergetintothecar.9.Isawthewomanenterabank.10.Welistenedtotheoldmantellhisstory.11.CanIhelp(to)carrythisheavybox?12.Theboywashelpedbyawomantocollecthisscatteredcoins.13.Ihadnochoicebuttowait.14.Shecandoeverythingexceptcook.15.Allyoudonowis(to)completetheform.16.Theonlythingtodonowis(to)goon.17.Hetoldmetostaythereandwaitforhim.18.Itiseasiertopersuadepeoplethan(to)forcethem.19.Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.20.Heisnotthemanheusedtobe.21.Myshoelaceskeepcomingundone.22.Trytoimaginebeingwalkingonthemoon.23.Iadvisewaitingtillpropertime.24.Heinsistedonseeingushome.25.Iadmitbreakingthewindow.26.Shedeniedseeingme.27.I'llneverforgetmeetingyouthatafternoon.28.Don'tbatheimmediatelyaftereating.29.Shewaitedalittlewhilebeforemakinguphermind.30.Beinglostcanbeaterrifyingexperience.31.It'shardworkclimbingmountains.32.Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.33.Findingworkisdifficultthesedays.34.Seeingisbelieving.35.Herhobbyisgrowingroses.36.Theproblemisghowtogettoknowtheneedsofthecustomers.37.Theykepttalkingaboutit.38.Hesuggestedmovingtothecountry,whichdidgoodtohealth.39.Canwecallthiskindofdeedsservingpeople?40.IcallthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.41.Weneedanewworkingmethod.42.Thedoctortoldmenottotakesleepingpills.43.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.44.Thepaintingsstolenfromthemuseumhaven'tbeenfound.45.Alettersentbyairmailshouldarrivesoonerthantheonesentbyregularmail.46.Thewomantalkedaboutisveryrich.47.Askedwhyhecame,hekeptsilent.48.Hecamein,followedbyhissecretary.49.Theyhavethreeticketstospare,soIcangetone.50.Shehasplentyofclothestowear,sodon'tworryabouther.51.Therearenoplaceslefttosi