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1.2022?北京?人大附中??既?/p>
2.2022?江蘇南京?南京市第一中學(xué)??家荒?/p>
3.2022?吉林長(zhǎng)春?長(zhǎng)春吉大附中實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校??寄M預(yù)測(cè)
4.2023?浙江舟山?舟山中學(xué)??寄M預(yù)測(cè)
5.2022?山東?山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測(cè)
6.2022?湖北武漢?武漢二中??寄M預(yù)測(cè)
7.2022?廣東?華南師大附中??家荒?/p>
8.2022?重慶?重慶一中??寄M預(yù)測(cè)
9.2021?四川成都?成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校??寄M預(yù)測(cè)
10.2022?全國(guó)?高考真題
A
(2022?北京,人大附中??既#㏕heartoffabricdyeingisanancientonedatingbackto3500BC.Overthe
centurieswehumanshavesoughttobrightenourappearancewithclothingthatreflectsthevibrantnaturalcolours
seeninnature,andmanycolourantswereoriginallysourcedfromthenaturalworldaroundus.
Wastechemicalsfromthedyesthemselvesareoftenhighlytoxic—Azodyeswhichaccountfor60—70per
centofalldyesusedbecometoxicwhenbrokendownandmetabolized—andthefixingagentsusedwhichcan
containformaIdehydandchlorinecompounds,arenobetter,withlinkstoallergiesandcancer,notonlyhazardous
tohumansbutalsototheenvironment.
Whensyntheticdyeswerediscoveredin1856anevengreaterarrayofcoloursbecamepossible,andwiththe
adventoftheindustrialrevolutionthefabricindustryboomed.Inthemodernage,consumerdemandfuelsthe
fashionhousesandcolourisking:butthedyeingoffabricscomesataprice.
Intotalover8000chemicalshavebeenidentifiedasbeingusedinthedyeingprocess,manyofwhichhave
beennotedashazardoustohealth.Addtothisthevastamountofwaterrequiredforthedyeingprocessinwhich
hugewaterbathsareneededateverystageoftheprocessandwecanseewhytheindustryisoneofthemost
environmentallydamagingonearth,responsibleforatleast17—20percentoftotalwaterpollution.
Soisthereanotherway?WellsyntheticbiologistOrrYarkonicertainlythinksso.HiscompanyColorifixhave
pioneeredanewtechniquewhichbypassestraditionaldyeingtechniquesinfavourofanapproachbasedonnature's
ownmethods.Ratherthanfightingnaturehebelievesweneedtotapintoitinordertosolvethecomplex
environmentalissuesthatchallengeustoday.
"Colorifixisverymuchinspiredfromnature^^hesays,''naturehascreatedawholepaletteofcoloursthatwe
seeonadailybasis”.
Sourcingcoloursfromarangeofnaturalpigments,hethenengineersmicroorganismsusingDNAtoconvert
agriculturalby-productsintodyes.Whenthemicroorganismsburst,they“fix"thecolourtothefabric,thus
reducingtheneedformassiveamountsofwater.Theorganismsthemselvescanbegrown,orfennented,oncethe
DNAcodeforthenecessarycolouranthasbeenimplantedandthisnaturalreproductionisfastandefficient.Overall
thewholeprocessuseslesswater,produceslesswaste,andneedsfarlesschemicals.Anewwayforwardinspired
bynature.
1.Accordingtothepassage,dyeingfabricscomesatapricebecause.
A.Thedyeingmaterialsarepoisonous
B.Thedyeingmaterialsareratherexpensive
C.Thedyeingprocesspollutestheenvironment
D.Thedyeingprocessneedsplentyofwater
2.WhatisafeatureofthedyeingtechniqueproposedbyColorifix?
A.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.
B.Ittakesalongertimetoacquirerawmaterials.
C.Itemploysnaturalcolorwhichdoesnotstaylong.
D.Itneedslesswaterbutproducespoisonouspollutants.
3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.Thedyeingprocesscanbepollutionfree.
B.Dyeingfabricscausesthemainpollutants.
C.Thecolorofnatureonlycomesfromplants.
D.Humanhasalonghistoryofpursuingbeautiful“color”.
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.BreathinglifeintoadyeingartB.Historyofdyeingindustry
C.UnknowndangerbehinddyeingD.Colorcomeswithaprice
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文??椢锶旧乃囆g(shù)是一門(mén)古老的藝術(shù),可以追溯到公元前3500年。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)
以來(lái),我們?nèi)祟愐恢痹谧非笥媚芊从匙匀唤缰猩鷻C(jī)勃勃的自然色彩的服裝來(lái)照亮我們的外表,而許多色彩
最初都來(lái)自我們的自然界。但是染色織物是有代價(jià)的,因?yàn)樗娜旧^(guò)程對(duì)環(huán)境有很大的危害。合成生物
家OrrYarkoni認(rèn)為,為了解決今天挑戰(zhàn)我們的復(fù)雜的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,我們需要利用自然,而不是與自然斗爭(zhēng)。
為此,OrrYarkoni的公司Coloriflx開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一種新技術(shù),繞過(guò)傳統(tǒng)的染色技術(shù),采用一種基于自然本身的方
法。
1.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Intotalover8000chemicalshavebeenidentifiedasbeingusedin
thedyeingprocess,manyofwhichhavebeennotedashazardoustohealth.Addtothisthevastamountof
waterrequiredforthedyeingprocessinwhichhugewaterbathsareneededateverystageoftheprocessand
wecanseewhytheindustryisoneofthemostenvironmentallydamagingonearth,responsibleforatleast17
—20percentoftotalwaterpollution.(在染色過(guò)程中總共使用了8000多種化學(xué)品,其中許多已被指出對(duì)
健康有害。再加上染色過(guò)在染色過(guò)程的每一個(gè)階段都需要大量水洗的過(guò)程中所需的大量的水。我們可
以看到這個(gè)造成地球上17%——20%水污染的行業(yè)為什么是地球上最危害環(huán)境的行業(yè)之一。)可知染色
織物有代價(jià)的原因是因?yàn)樗娜旧^(guò)程對(duì)環(huán)境有很大的危害。故選Co
2.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Overallthewholeprocessuseslesswater,produceslesswaste,and
needsfaMesschemicals.(總的來(lái)說(shuō),整個(gè)過(guò)程使用更少的水,產(chǎn)生更少的廢物,需要更少的化學(xué)品。戶
可知由Colorifix所提出的染色技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)是環(huán)保的。故選Ao
3.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一St4Theartoffabricdyeingisanancientonedatingbackto3500BC.
Overthecenturieswehumanshavesoughttobrightenourappearancewithclothingthatreflectsthevibrant
naturalcoloursseeninnature,andmanycolourantswereoriginallysourcedfromthenaturalworldaround
us.(織物染色的藝術(shù)是一門(mén)古老的藝術(shù),可以追溯到公元前3500年。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái),我們?nèi)祟愐恢痹?/p>
追求用能反映自然界中生機(jī)勃勃的自然色彩的服裝來(lái)照亮我們的外表,而許多色彩最初都來(lái)自我們的
自然界。戶可知人類在追求美麗色彩方面的歷史悠久。故選D。
4.A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Soisthereanotherway?WellsyntheticbiologistOrrYarkonicertainly
thinksso.HiscompanyColorifixhavepioneeredanewtechniquewhichbypassestraditionaldyeing
techniquesinfavourofanapproachbasedonnature'sownmethods.Ratherthanfightingnaturehebelieves
weneedtotapintoitinordertosolvethecomplexenvironmentalissuesthatchallengeustoday.(因此有其他
的辦法嗎?合成生物家OrrYarkoni肯定這么認(rèn)為。他的公司Colorifix開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一種新技術(shù),繞過(guò)傳統(tǒng)的
染色技術(shù),采用一種基于自然本身的方法。他認(rèn)為,為了解決今天挑戰(zhàn)我們的復(fù)雜的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,我們
需要利用自然,而不是與自然斗爭(zhēng)。)”以及文章第六段“Colorifixisverymuchinspiredfromnature”hesays,
“naturehascreatedawholepaletteofcoloursthatweseeonadailybasis.(他說(shuō):“色彩的靈感在很大程度上
來(lái)自于自然”,自然造就了一整套我們每天都能看到的各種顏色。戶以及文章最后一段“Anewway
forwardinspiredbynature.(一種受自然啟發(fā)的一種新方法。廣可知文章主要是在圍繞著一種新的利用大
自然而注入新生命的的染織方法展開(kāi)。A項(xiàng)“為染色藝術(shù)注入生命”符合文意,最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故
選Ao
B
(2022?江蘇南京?南京市第一中學(xué)校考一模)MetinSittiattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystems
inStuttgart,Gennany,andhiscolleagueshavedevelopedtinyrobotscalledt4microrollers^^thatcancarrycancer
drugsandselectivelytargethumanbreastcancercells.Theteamdrewinspirationfbrthedesignoftherobotsfrom
whitebloodcellsinthehumanbody,whichcanmovealongthewallsofbloodvessels(血管)againstthedirection
ofbloodflow.
Themicrorollersareroundandmadefromglassmicroparticles.Onehalfoftherobotwascoatedwithathin
magneticnanofilm(磁性納米膜)madefromnickelandgold.Theotherhalfwascoatedwiththecancerdrug
doxorubicinaswellasmoleculesthatrecognizecancercells.
Theteamtestedtherobotsusingmousebloodandartificialchannelslinedwithhumanendothelialcells—the
kindofcellsthatlinetheinnerwallsofourbloodvessels.Therobotswereexposedtoamixtureofcancerousand
healthytissue.ThemicrorollersselectivelyattachedtothecancercellsandwereactivatedusingUVlighttorelease
thedoxorubicin.
Byapplyingmagneticfields,theteamwasabletocontrolthemovementofthemicrorollers,bothwithand
againsttheflowofblood.Themicrorollerscanreachaspeedofupto600micrometerspersecond."Ifyoucometo
aspotwhereyouneedtotaketherightpathandifyoumissit,thenyoucouldgobackandgototherightone,“says
Setti.
Infuture,theresearcherswanttouseothermethodstostartthedrugrelease,suchasheatornear-infraredlight.
Theyalsoplantotrymakingmicrorollersoutofmaterialsthatwouldbreakdowninthebodyoverafewweeksor
months.
Theteamhopestotestthemicrorollersinanimalssoon."Therollersneedtocarryenoughcancerdrugs,which
iswhyweneedtohavetheminlargenumbers,"saysSetti."Butsincewecanlocallytakedrugstotherighttarget,
wedon'tneedhugedosages(齊!J量)
5.Whatcanthemicrorollersbeusedfbr?
A?Repairingbloodcells.B.Deliveringdrugs.
C.Improvingbloodflow.D.Performingoperations.
6.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutthemicrorollers?
A.Theirshape.B.Theiradvantage.C.Theirdesign.D.Theirapplication.
7.WhatcanwelearnabouttherobotsfromParagraph4?
A.Theirdirectioncanbeadjusted.B.Theymightmissthetargetcells.
C.Theymightgetstuckintheblood.D.Theirspeedcanchangeautomatically.
8.Whatwillthescientistsprobablydonext?
A.Putthemicrorollerstoclinicaluse.B.Sellthemicrorollersinlargequantities.
C.Tearthemicrorollersdowninthebody.D.Experimentwiththemicrorollersfurther.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了德國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)的小型機(jī)器人——microroller,它能夠運(yùn)送抗癌藥
物,并有選擇性地針對(duì)人類的乳腺癌細(xì)胞。
5.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“MetinSittiattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystemsinStuttgart,
Germany,andhiscolleagueshavedevelopedtinyrobots“microroller''thatcancarrycancerdrugsand
selectivelytargethumanbreastcancercells.”(德國(guó)斯圖加特馬克斯?普朗克智能系統(tǒng)研究所的梅廷?西蒂和
他的同事已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出微型機(jī)器人"microroller”,可以攜帶抗癌藥物并選擇性地靶向人類乳腺癌細(xì)胞)可
知,這種微型機(jī)器人可以運(yùn)送抗癌藥物,并有選擇地針對(duì)人類乳腺癌細(xì)胞。故選B項(xiàng)。
6.C【解析】主旨大意題。第二段“Themicrorollersareroundandmadefromglassmicroparticles.Onehalfofthe
robotwascoatedwithathinmagneticnanofilmmadefromnickelandgold.Theotherhalfwascoatedwiththe
cancerdrugdoxorubicinaswellasmoleculesthatrecognizecancercells.(microroller是圓形的,由玻璃微
粒制成。機(jī)器人的一半表面覆蓋著一層由銀和金制成的磁性納米薄膜。另一半涂有抗癌藥物阿霉素以
及識(shí)別癌細(xì)胞的分子)可知,第二段主要介紹了這種微型機(jī)器人的形狀,構(gòu)成材料等,即小型機(jī)器人
“microroller”的設(shè)計(jì)。故選C項(xiàng)。
7.A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Byapplyingmagneticfields,theteamwasabletocontrolthemovement
ofthemicrorollers,bothwithandagainsttheflowofblood."(通過(guò)施加磁場(chǎng),該團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠控制microroller
的運(yùn)動(dòng),包括在順著和逆著血液流動(dòng)的情況下)可知,通過(guò)應(yīng)用磁場(chǎng),研究小組能夠控制這種機(jī)器人
的運(yùn)動(dòng),無(wú)論是順著血液流動(dòng)的方向還是逆著血液流動(dòng)的方向。即它的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向是可以調(diào)整的。故選A
項(xiàng)。
8.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"Theteamhopestotestthemicrorollersinanimalssoon."The
rollersneedtocarryenoughcancerdrugs,whichiswhyweneedtohavetheminlargenumbers,“saysSetti.
(該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望很快在動(dòng)物身上測(cè)試microroller。Setti說(shuō):“微型機(jī)器人需要攜帶足夠的藥,這就是我們
需要大量使用它們的原因?!埃┩浦?,科學(xué)家要對(duì)這種機(jī)器人進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。
C
(2022?吉林長(zhǎng)春,長(zhǎng)春吉大附中實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校??寄M預(yù)測(cè))Soot(煤)pollutionisspeedingupclimate-driven
meltinginAntarctica,anewstudysuggests,raisingquestionsabouthowtoprotectthedelicatecontinentfromthe
increasingnumberofhumanswhowanttovisit.
“Itreallymakesusquestion,isourpresencereallyneeded?^^saysAliaKhan,oneoftheauthorsofthenew
study.€tWehavequitealargeblackcarbonfootprintinAntarctica,whichisenhancingsnowandice
Blackcarbonistheleftoverthingfromburningplantsorfossilfuels.SootinAntarcticacomesprimarilyfrom
wastegasesofcruiseships(游輪),vehiclesandairplanes,althoughsomepollutiontravelsonthewindfromother
partsoftheglobe.Thedarkparticles(微粒)coatwhitesnowandabsorbheatfromthesunthewayablackT-shirt
doesonawarmday.Theblanketofdarkbitsspeedsupmeltingthatwasalreadyhappeningmorequicklybecause
ofglobalwarming.
Whensnowandiceareuncovered,theyreflectanenormousamountofsunlightbeforeitcanturnintoheat.
“Thesearethemirrorsonourplanet,“saysSoniaNagorski,ascientistattheUniversityofAlaskaSoutheast.
“Whenthosemirrorsarecoveredinafilmofdarkbits,theydon'tsendbackthatmuchlightandheat.Thatmeans
moreheatistrappedonEarth,speedingupmeltingandcontributingtoglobalwarming.”
AsascientistwhopersonallyvisitsAntarcticaeveryyear,Khansayssheistroubledbyherownresearch
results.Ontheonehand,shegoestoAntarcticatocollectcrucialdataabouthowquicklythesnowandicethereare
disappearing.C4Butthenwhenwecometoconclusionslikethisitreallydoesmakeusthinktwiceabouthow
frequentlyweneedtovisitthecontinent,Mshesays,"andwhatkindofregulationsshouldbeplacedontourismas
well.,,Thatcouldmeanrequiringthatcmiseshipsandvehiclesbeelectric,forexample,orlimitingthenumberof
visitorseachyear.
9.WhatisKhan'sattitudetowardshumanactionsinAntarcticaaccordingtoparagraph2?
A.Angryandabusive.B.Coldanduninterested.
C.Doubtfulandanxious.D.Admiringanddelighted.
10.WhatisthemaincauseofsootpollutioninAntarctica?
A.Thequickmeltingoficeandsnow.B.Theemissionfromviroustransport.
C.Theremainingpartsofburningplants.D.Thefloatinggasesfromothercontinents.
11.WhatdoweknowfromNagorski?
A.Thecoverediceislessreflective.
B.Themeltingspeedoficeisslowerthanbefore.
C.Thedarkblanketservesasabigmirror.
D.Thesunlightgetsincreasinglystrongerrecently.
12.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?
A.Whatmadeourplanetsopolluted?B.Whoistoblamefbrairpollution?
C.Canelectricvehiclessavetourism?D.ArewewelcometotheSouthPole?
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人類對(duì)南極洲的頻繁考察,導(dǎo)致煤煙污染加速了南極洲
氣溫的上升,加速了冰雪融化,人們對(duì)此情況反思,該如何降低對(duì)南極洲的考察頻率從而減少對(duì)南極洲生
態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞。
9.C[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“"Itreallymakesusquestion,isourpresencereallyneedcd?^^saysAlia
KJian,oneoftheauthorsofthenewstudy."WehavequitealargeblackcarbonfootprintinAntarctica,which
isenhancingsnowandicemelt.”(“這真的讓我們質(zhì)疑,我們的存在真的需要嗎?“這項(xiàng)新研究的作者之一
AliaKhan說(shuō)?!拔覀?cè)谀蠘O洲有相當(dāng)大的黑碳足跡,這正在促進(jìn)冰雪融化??芍?,AliaKhan的疑問(wèn)
可以看出他對(duì)人們?nèi)ツ蠘O洲考察這一事實(shí)表示懷疑,而且他看到了人們到訪南極洲產(chǎn)生的碳足跡使南
極洲的冰雪融化,這讓他感到焦慮。故選C。
10.B[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“SootinAntarcticacomesprimarilyfromwastegasesofcruiseships
(游輪),vehiclesandairplanes,althoughsomepollutiontravelsonthewindfromotherpartsoftheglobe.(南極
洲的煙塵主要來(lái)自游輪、車(chē)輛和飛機(jī)的廢氣,盡管一些污染是從世界其他地區(qū)隨風(fēng)傳播的。戶可知,南
極洲煤煙的主要來(lái)源就是人們所使用的交通工具。故選Bo
11.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whensnowandicearcuncovered,theyrolledancnonnousamount
ofsunlightbeforeitcanturnintoheat."Thesearethemirrorsonourplanet/1saysSoniaNagorski,ascientist
attheUniversityofAlaskaSoutheast.(當(dāng)雪和冰被揭開(kāi)時(shí),它們會(huì)在陽(yáng)光變成熱量之前反射大量的陽(yáng)光。
“這些是我們星球上的鏡子,”阿拉斯加?xùn)|南大學(xué)的科學(xué)家索尼婭?納戈?duì)査够⊿oniaNagorski)說(shuō)。戶
可以推斷,冰雪被煤煙覆蓋后,其反射陽(yáng)光的效果就會(huì)降低。故選A。
12.D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Sootpollutionisspeedingupclimate-drivenmeltinginAntarctica,anew
studysuggests,raisingquestionsabouthowtoprotectthedelicatecontinentfromtheincreasingnumberof
humanswhowanttovisit..(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,煤煙污染正在加速南極洲的氣候融化,這引發(fā)了人們對(duì)
如何保護(hù)這片脆弱的大陸免受越來(lái)越多的想要到訪那里的人的影響的問(wèn)題。)“可知,人們?cè)谌ツ蠘O洲考
察的同時(shí),卻破壞了南極洲的生態(tài)環(huán)境,所以該文主要分析的是我們?nèi)祟愑斜匾ツ蠘O洲考察嗎?故
選D。
D
(2023,浙江舟山?舟山中學(xué)??寄M預(yù)測(cè))Twowomenintheir50sstandbeholdinginfrontofGuanyinof
theSouthChinaSea,anancientChinesesculptureintheNelson-AtkinsMuseumofArtinKansasCity,Missouri.
Overthepast20years,theyhavebeenvisitingthemuseum,describingthe“motherBuddha^^as"beautifuland
tranquil,asymbolofreligioustraditionsinChina^^.Measuring2.4metershigh,1.68meterswideand1.1meters
thick,thelarger-than-lifesculpturewascarvedfromthetrunkofasinglepoplartree,whichhascreatedasenseof
calmandwarmthinthehall.
Sinceitslaunchin1933,themuseumhasbeenactivelycollecting,preserving,studyingandexhibitingworks
ofChineseart,rangingfromceramicstofurniture,andfrompaintingstosculptures.AnditsChineseartcollection
containsmasterpiecesinvarioushistoricalstages.
AnexhibitiononthethemeofLivelyCreatures—AnimalsinChineseArtwasheldatthemuseum,displaying
tensofChineseancientpaintingswithimagesofanimalsinmanyartforms.Thecreaturesonthepaintings
representedcelebration,personalmessages,andevenpoliticalandreligiousagendas.
Organizersoftheexhibitionproducedasetofcards,withimagesofanimalsononesideandtheircultural
meaningsinChineseartistictraditionontheother.Thecardsareprovidedforvisitorsfbrfree.
“Ifinditveryinteresting,andthewaythatthethingsaredrawnisverycool,^^says17-year-oldhighschool
studentCamdenLombardaftervisitingtheexhibition.4tIwanttogotoChinasomedaytofindmore,“headds.
“It'skindofeye-openingandwe'rebringingtheworldtogether,saysMakar,aneducatorwiththeschool
outreachandeducationprogramsofthemuseum.t4Therearesomanysimilaritiesaswellasbeautifuldifferences,
andwearejusttryingtounderstandandappreciateoneanother.”
“We'reinamomentwhenit'ssometimeshardtolookoutsideofyourownpersonalviewpoints/9saysHoward,
managerofvolunteerengagementatthemuseum."Ithinkhavingaccesstoseeingwhatothercultureshavecreated,
whattheyvaluedandappreciated,andwhatwasimportanttothem,isreallyimportantinbuildingthat
understandingaboutallthepeoplewesharethisplanetwith.”
13.ThetwowomenkeptvisitingtheNelson-AtkinsMuseumfbr.
A.thegrandappearanceoftheexhibitionhall
B.theiraffectionforChinesereligioustraditions
C.thegreatsizeoftheancientChinesesculpture
D.theircuriosityaboutthedelicateartisticcarving
14.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitionLivelyCreatures?
A.Theorganizersgainedahandsomeprofit.
B.Thecardsreflectedmultinationalcultures.
C.ThevisitorshadrichtravelexperiencesinChina.
D.ThepaintingsdisplayedthecharmofChineseculture.
15.HowdoesMakardescribethevisittothemuseum?
A.Instructiveandromantic.B.Imaginaryandfascinating.
C.Informativeandmulticultural.D.Educationalandentertaining.
16.What'sthepurposeofsettingupthemuseumaccordingtoHoward?
A.Tobridgedifferentcultures.B.Topopularizereligioussymbols.
C.Toexchangepersonalviewpoints.D.TodemonstrateChinesepaintings.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)描述博物館的展覽,闡述了博物館在不同文化之間架起來(lái)溝通的橋
梁,幫助不同文化增進(jìn)欣賞和理解。
13.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Twowomenintheir50sstandbeholdinginfrontofGuanyinofthe
SouthChinaSea,anancientChinesesculptureintheNelson-AtkinsMuseumofArtinKansasCity,Missouri.
Overthepast20years,theyhavebeenvisitingthemuseum,describingthe"motherBuddha"as4*beautifuland
tranquil,asymbolofreligioustraditionsinChina”.(密蘇里州堪薩斯城納爾遜-阿特金斯藝術(shù)博物館里,兩
名50多歲的婦女站在中國(guó)南海觀音前凝視。在過(guò)去的20年里,她們經(jīng)常參觀這座博物館,稱“媽祖”“美
麗寧?kù)o,是中國(guó)宗教傳統(tǒng)的象征戶可知,這兩位女士不斷參觀納爾遜-阿特金斯博物館,是因?yàn)樗齻?/p>
熱愛(ài)中國(guó)宗教傳統(tǒng),故選瓦
14.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“AnexhibitiononthethemeofLivelyCreatures—Animalsin
ChineseArtwasheldatthemuseum,displayingtensofChineseancientpaintingswithimagesofanimalsin
manyartforms.Thecreaturesonthepaintingsrepresentedcelebration,personalmessages,andevenpolitical
andreligiousagendas.(博物餌以“活潑的生物——中國(guó)藝術(shù)中的動(dòng)物”為主題舉辦了一場(chǎng)展覽,展出了數(shù)
卜幅中國(guó)古代繪畫(huà)作品,其中動(dòng)物形象以多種藝術(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。畫(huà)上的生物代表慶祝、個(gè)人信息,甚至
政治和宗教議程。)”和第四段“Organizersoftheexhibitionproducedasetofcards,withimagesofanimals
ononesideandtheirculturalmeaningsinChineseartistictraditionontheother.(展覽組織者制作了一套卡
片,一邊是動(dòng)物的圖像,另一邊是它們?cè)谥袊?guó)藝術(shù)傳統(tǒng)中的文化意義。廠可推斷,Lively
Creatures一AnimalsinChineseArt展覽展出的繪畫(huà)展示了中國(guó)文化的魅力。故選Do
15.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"‘It'skindofeye-openingandwe'rebringingtheworldtogether/
saysMakar,aneducatorwiththeschooloutreachandeducationprogramsofthemuseum.'Therearcsomany
similaritiesaswellasbeautifuldifferences,andwearejusttryingtounderstandandappreciateone
another」(“這有點(diǎn)讓人大開(kāi)眼界,我們把世界連在了一起,”負(fù)責(zé)博物館學(xué)校外展和教育項(xiàng)目的教育工作
者馬卡爾說(shuō)?!拔覀冇泻芏嘞嗨浦?,也有很多美麗的不同點(diǎn),我們只是在努力理解和欣賞彼此。”廣
可知,馬卡爾認(rèn)為博物館的展覽讓人大開(kāi)眼界,不同的文化有相似也有不同,增進(jìn)彼此的理解和欣賞。
因此推斷他認(rèn)為參觀博物館是信息豐富并且多元化的。故選C。
16.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Howard說(shuō)的話“Ithinkhavingaccesstoseeingwhatothercultures
havecreated,whattheyvaluedandappreciated,andwhatwasimportanttothem,isreallyimportantin
buildingthatunderstandingaboutallthepeoplewesharethisplanetwith.(我認(rèn)為,有機(jī)會(huì)了解其他文化創(chuàng)
造了什么,他們重視和欣賞什么,以及對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)重要的是什么,這對(duì)于建立與我們共享這個(gè)星球的
所有人的理解非常重要。戶可知,Howard認(rèn)為通過(guò)參觀博物館可以讓人們了解其他文化,因此推斷他
認(rèn)為建立博物館可以在不同文化之間架起橋梁。故選A。
E
(2022?山東?山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)??寄M預(yù)測(cè))Arecordsurgeinthecreationofmarineprotectedareashas
takentheinternationalcommunityclosetoitsgoalofcreatingnaturerefugeson17%oftheworld'slandand10%
ofseasby2020,accordingtoanewUNreport.Protectedregionsnowcovermorethanfivetimestheterritoryof
theUS,buttheauthorssaidthisgoodnewswasoftenunderminedbypoorenforcement.Somereservesarelittle
morethan“paperparks"withlittlevaluetonatureconservation.Atleastonehasbeenturnedintoanindustrialzone.
Morethan27msquarekilometresofseas(7%ofthetotal)and20msqkmofland(15%ofthetotal)nowhave
protectedstatus,accordingtotheProtectedPlanetreport,whichwasreleasedonSundayattheUNbiodiversity
conferenceinSharmel-Sheikh,Egypt.
Almostallofthegrowthhasbeeninmarineregions,mostnotablywiththecreationlastyearoftheworld's
biggestprotectedarea:the2msqkmRossSeareserve,one-fifthofwhichisintheAntarctic.Theno-fishingzone
willbemanagedbyNewZealandandtheUS.
“Wehaveseenanenormousexpansioninthepasttwoyears.Thereisnowmoremarineprotectedareathan
terrestrial,whichnobodywouldhavepredicted,saidKathyMcKinnonoftheInternationalUnionforthe
ConservationofNature.thinkwe'llcontinuetoseeasubstantialincrease,I'dguess,toatleast10%inthenear
future.^^
TheUNconventiononbiologicaldiversitysaysithasreceivednationalcommitmentsforanadditional4.5m
sqkmoflandand16msqkmofoceanstobegivenprotectedstatusinthenexttwoyears.Thiswouldputiton
coursetoachieveoneofthekeyaimsofthe2010Aichibiodiversitytargets.
“Thisisthetargetwiththemostprogress.Inanoceanofbadnewsaboutbiodiversitylossandeco-destruction,
itisimportanttohighlightthatprogress,thoughwestillhavealotmoretodotoensurenotjustthequantitivetarget
buttheeffectivenessofthemanagement,saidCristianaPa^caPalmer,theheadofUNBiodiversity.
Thecreationofprotectedareashasnotbeenenoughtohaltacollapseofspeciesandecosystemsthatthreatens
civilisation.Since1970humanityhaswipedout60%ofmammal,bird,fishandreptilepopulations,witha
dangerousknock-onimpactonfoodproduction,fisheriesandclimatestability.
Protectedareasareimportantrefugesfromthiswaveofextinctionsbutmanyareunderfundedandpoorlypoliced.
OnlyoneinfivehaveprovidedmanagementassessmentstotheUN,whichhasraisedquestionsabouttheviability
oftherest.
NaomiKingston,ofUNenvironmentworldconservationmonitoringcentre,said:"Thereisaracetodeliver
onAichitarget11.Itisfantasticthatcountriesarecomingwithmoreambition,butnotifitisjustanumberwithout
substance.
“Someareasthathavebeenreportedtousasprotectedareashavebeencompletelybuiltover.Weneed
datasetstodefinewhichareasarepaperparksandwhicharereal.^^
Developingnationshavebetterreportingstandardsbecausemanyareobligedtoprovideregularassessments
inordertoqualifyforfundsfromtheGlobalEnvironmentFund.Bycontrast,manywealthiernationsdevotefew
resourcestomonitoring.
Discussionswillfocusonanew,moreflexiblecategoryfbrcommunitylandthatisusedbylocalsforboth
agriculturalproductionandwildlifeconservation.InAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica,thisisamodelthathasoften
helpedimprovebiodiversitybecauseresidents—oftenfromindigenouscommunities—livecloselywithnature
andhaveaninterestinprotectingit.
17.Whatpromotestheachievementofthegoalsofmarinenaturereserves?
A.Poormanagementofmarineprotectedareas.
B.Lossofbiodiversityandecologicaldestruction.
C.Rapidgrowthinthenumberofmarineprotectedareas.
D.CommitmentsintheUnitedNationsConventiononBiologicalDiversity.
18.Whatimpactdoestheestablishmentof“paperparks^haveonprotectedareas?
A.Theyhavepromotedtheexpansionofmarineprotectedareas.
B.Theyhavelittlevaluefornatureconservation.
C.Theyalltumintoindustrialzones.
D.Theywillslowdownthecollapseofecosystems.
19.Accordingtothepassage,whatisKathyMcKinnon'spointofview?
A.NewZealandandtheUnitedStatesregulatefishing-banzones.
B.Inthenearfuture,thenumberofmarinerefugeswillincreasebyatleast10%.
C.Thequantityandmanagementqualityofmarinerefugesarcequallyimportant.
D.ManycountrieshaveambitionstoachieveAichi11.
20.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Arecordedsurgeinthecreationofmarineprotectedareas.
B.DevelopingcountriesmayreceivefundingfromtheGlobalEnvironmentFacility.
C.TheIncreaseofmarinerefugesandtheviewsofrelevantpersonnel.
D.AchievingAichi11Goal.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的建立出現(xiàn)了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的激增。說(shuō)明了保護(hù)區(qū)幾
乎所有的增長(zhǎng)都發(fā)生在海洋地區(qū),文章引述了不同的人對(duì)此的看法和評(píng)價(jià)以及保護(hù)區(qū)未來(lái)的發(fā)展等。
17.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Arecordsurgeinthecreationofmarineprotectedareashastakenthe
internationalcommunityclosetoitsgoalofcreatingnaturereftigeson17%oftheworld'slandand10%of
seasby2020,accordingtoanewUNreport.(聯(lián)合國(guó)一份新報(bào)告稱,海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的創(chuàng)建激增,使國(guó)際社會(huì)
接近其到2020年在世界17%的陸地和10%的海洋上建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)的目標(biāo))“可知,海洋保護(hù)區(qū)數(shù)量迅
速增長(zhǎng)推動(dòng)了海洋自然保護(hù)區(qū)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。故選C。
18.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Somereservesarelittlemorethan“paperparks”withlittlevalueto
natureconservation.(有些保護(hù)區(qū)不過(guò)是,紙公園”,對(duì)自然保護(hù)沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值)”可知,“紙公園”的建立對(duì)
自然保護(hù)沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值。故選B。
19.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“"WehaveseenanenoiTnousexpansioninthepasttwoyears.Thereisnow
moremarin
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