2023年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀完形100篇-03閱讀理解說(shuō)明文(解析版)

閱讀理解說(shuō)明文

1.2022?北京?人大附中?？既?/p>

2.2022?江蘇南京?南京市第一中學(xué)?？家荒?/p>

3.2022?吉林長(zhǎng)春?長(zhǎng)春吉大附中實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)

4.2023?浙江舟山?舟山中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)

5.2022?山東?山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測(cè)

6.2022?湖北武漢?武漢二中?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)

7.2022?廣東?華南師大附中?？家荒?/p>

8.2022?重慶?重慶一中?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)

9.2021?四川成都?成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)

10.2022?全國(guó)?高考真題

A

（2022?北京,人大附中?？既＃㏕heartoffabricdyeingisanancientonedatingbackto3500BC.Overthe

centurieswehumanshavesoughttobrightenourappearancewithclothingthatreflectsthevibrantnaturalcolours

seeninnature,andmanycolourantswereoriginallysourcedfromthenaturalworldaroundus.

Wastechemicalsfromthedyesthemselvesareoftenhighlytoxic—Azodyeswhichaccountfor60—70per

centofalldyesusedbecometoxicwhenbrokendownandmetabolized—andthefixingagentsusedwhichcan

containformaIdehydandchlorinecompounds,arenobetter,withlinkstoallergiesandcancer,notonlyhazardous

tohumansbutalsototheenvironment.

Whensyntheticdyeswerediscoveredin1856anevengreaterarrayofcoloursbecamepossible,andwiththe

adventoftheindustrialrevolutionthefabricindustryboomed.Inthemodernage,consumerdemandfuelsthe

fashionhousesandcolourisking:butthedyeingoffabricscomesataprice.

Intotalover8000chemicalshavebeenidentifiedasbeingusedinthedyeingprocess,manyofwhichhave

beennotedashazardoustohealth.Addtothisthevastamountofwaterrequiredforthedyeingprocessinwhich

hugewaterbathsareneededateverystageoftheprocessandwecanseewhytheindustryisoneofthemost

environmentallydamagingonearth,responsibleforatleast17—20percentoftotalwaterpollution.

Soisthereanotherway?WellsyntheticbiologistOrrYarkonicertainlythinksso.HiscompanyColorifixhave

pioneeredanewtechniquewhichbypassestraditionaldyeingtechniquesinfavourofanapproachbasedonnature's

ownmethods.Ratherthanfightingnaturehebelievesweneedtotapintoitinordertosolvethecomplex

environmentalissuesthatchallengeustoday.

"Colorifixisverymuchinspiredfromnature^^hesays,''naturehascreatedawholepaletteofcoloursthatwe

seeonadailybasis”.

Sourcingcoloursfromarangeofnaturalpigments,hethenengineersmicroorganismsusingDNAtoconvert

agriculturalby-productsintodyes.Whenthemicroorganismsburst,they“fix"thecolourtothefabric,thus

reducingtheneedformassiveamountsofwater.Theorganismsthemselvescanbegrown,orfennented,oncethe

DNAcodeforthenecessarycolouranthasbeenimplantedandthisnaturalreproductionisfastandefficient.Overall

thewholeprocessuseslesswater,produceslesswaste,andneedsfarlesschemicals.Anewwayforwardinspired

bynature.

1.Accordingtothepassage,dyeingfabricscomesatapricebecause.

A.Thedyeingmaterialsarepoisonous

B.Thedyeingmaterialsareratherexpensive

C.Thedyeingprocesspollutestheenvironment

D.Thedyeingprocessneedsplentyofwater

2.WhatisafeatureofthedyeingtechniqueproposedbyColorifix?

A.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.

B.Ittakesalongertimetoacquirerawmaterials.

C.Itemploysnaturalcolorwhichdoesnotstaylong.

D.Itneedslesswaterbutproducespoisonouspollutants.

3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Thedyeingprocesscanbepollutionfree.

B.Dyeingfabricscausesthemainpollutants.

C.Thecolorofnatureonlycomesfromplants.

D.Humanhasalonghistoryofpursuingbeautiful“color”.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BreathinglifeintoadyeingartB.Historyofdyeingindustry

C.UnknowndangerbehinddyeingD.Colorcomeswithaprice

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文?？椢锶旧乃囆g(shù)是一門(mén)古老的藝術(shù)，可以追溯到公元前3500年。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)

以來(lái)，我們?nèi)祟愐恢痹谧非笥媚芊从匙匀唤缰猩鷻C(jī)勃勃的自然色彩的服裝來(lái)照亮我們的外表，而許多色彩

最初都來(lái)自我們的自然界。但是染色織物是有代價(jià)的，因?yàn)樗娜旧^(guò)程對(duì)環(huán)境有很大的危害。合成生物

家OrrYarkoni認(rèn)為，為了解決今天挑戰(zhàn)我們的復(fù)雜的環(huán)境問(wèn)題，我們需要利用自然，而不是與自然斗爭(zhēng)。

為此，OrrYarkoni的公司Coloriflx開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一種新技術(shù)，繞過(guò)傳統(tǒng)的染色技術(shù)，采用一種基于自然本身的方

法。

1.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Intotalover8000chemicalshavebeenidentifiedasbeingusedin

thedyeingprocess,manyofwhichhavebeennotedashazardoustohealth.Addtothisthevastamountof

waterrequiredforthedyeingprocessinwhichhugewaterbathsareneededateverystageoftheprocessand

wecanseewhytheindustryisoneofthemostenvironmentallydamagingonearth,responsibleforatleast17

—20percentoftotalwaterpollution.（在染色過(guò)程中總共使用了8000多種化學(xué)品，其中許多已被指出對(duì)

健康有害。再加上染色過(guò)在染色過(guò)程的每一個(gè)階段都需要大量水洗的過(guò)程中所需的大量的水。我們可

以看到這個(gè)造成地球上17%——20%水污染的行業(yè)為什么是地球上最危害環(huán)境的行業(yè)之一。）可知染色

織物有代價(jià)的原因是因?yàn)樗娜旧^(guò)程對(duì)環(huán)境有很大的危害。故選Co

2.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Overallthewholeprocessuseslesswater,produceslesswaste,and

needsfaMesschemicals.（總的來(lái)說(shuō)，整個(gè)過(guò)程使用更少的水，產(chǎn)生更少的廢物，需要更少的化學(xué)品。戶

可知由Colorifix所提出的染色技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)是環(huán)保的。故選Ao

3.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一St4Theartoffabricdyeingisanancientonedatingbackto3500BC.

Overthecenturieswehumanshavesoughttobrightenourappearancewithclothingthatreflectsthevibrant

naturalcoloursseeninnature,andmanycolourantswereoriginallysourcedfromthenaturalworldaround

us.（織物染色的藝術(shù)是一門(mén)古老的藝術(shù)，可以追溯到公元前3500年。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，我們?nèi)祟愐恢痹?/p>

追求用能反映自然界中生機(jī)勃勃的自然色彩的服裝來(lái)照亮我們的外表，而許多色彩最初都來(lái)自我們的

自然界。戶可知人類在追求美麗色彩方面的歷史悠久。故選D。

4.A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Soisthereanotherway?WellsyntheticbiologistOrrYarkonicertainly

thinksso.HiscompanyColorifixhavepioneeredanewtechniquewhichbypassestraditionaldyeing

techniquesinfavourofanapproachbasedonnature'sownmethods.Ratherthanfightingnaturehebelieves

weneedtotapintoitinordertosolvethecomplexenvironmentalissuesthatchallengeustoday.（因此有其他

的辦法嗎？合成生物家OrrYarkoni肯定這么認(rèn)為。他的公司Colorifix開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一種新技術(shù)，繞過(guò)傳統(tǒng)的

染色技術(shù)，采用一種基于自然本身的方法。他認(rèn)為，為了解決今天挑戰(zhàn)我們的復(fù)雜的環(huán)境問(wèn)題，我們

需要利用自然，而不是與自然斗爭(zhēng)。）”以及文章第六段“Colorifixisverymuchinspiredfromnature”hesays,

“naturehascreatedawholepaletteofcoloursthatweseeonadailybasis.（他說(shuō)：“色彩的靈感在很大程度上

來(lái)自于自然”，自然造就了一整套我們每天都能看到的各種顏色。戶以及文章最后一段“Anewway

forwardinspiredbynature.（一種受自然啟發(fā)的一種新方法。廣可知文章主要是在圍繞著一種新的利用大

自然而注入新生命的的染織方法展開(kāi)。A項(xiàng)“為染色藝術(shù)注入生命”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故

選Ao

B

（2022?江蘇南京?南京市第一中學(xué)校考一模）MetinSittiattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystems

inStuttgart,Gennany,andhiscolleagueshavedevelopedtinyrobotscalledt4microrollers^^thatcancarrycancer

drugsandselectivelytargethumanbreastcancercells.Theteamdrewinspirationfbrthedesignoftherobotsfrom

whitebloodcellsinthehumanbody,whichcanmovealongthewallsofbloodvessels（血管）againstthedirection

ofbloodflow.

Themicrorollersareroundandmadefromglassmicroparticles.Onehalfoftherobotwascoatedwithathin

magneticnanofilm（磁性納米膜）madefromnickelandgold.Theotherhalfwascoatedwiththecancerdrug

doxorubicinaswellasmoleculesthatrecognizecancercells.

Theteamtestedtherobotsusingmousebloodandartificialchannelslinedwithhumanendothelialcells—the

kindofcellsthatlinetheinnerwallsofourbloodvessels.Therobotswereexposedtoamixtureofcancerousand

healthytissue.ThemicrorollersselectivelyattachedtothecancercellsandwereactivatedusingUVlighttorelease

thedoxorubicin.

Byapplyingmagneticfields,theteamwasabletocontrolthemovementofthemicrorollers,bothwithand

againsttheflowofblood.Themicrorollerscanreachaspeedofupto600micrometerspersecond."Ifyoucometo

aspotwhereyouneedtotaketherightpathandifyoumissit,thenyoucouldgobackandgototherightone,“says

Setti.

Infuture,theresearcherswanttouseothermethodstostartthedrugrelease,suchasheatornear-infraredlight.

Theyalsoplantotrymakingmicrorollersoutofmaterialsthatwouldbreakdowninthebodyoverafewweeksor

months.

Theteamhopestotestthemicrorollersinanimalssoon."Therollersneedtocarryenoughcancerdrugs,which

iswhyweneedtohavetheminlargenumbers,"saysSetti."Butsincewecanlocallytakedrugstotherighttarget,

wedon'tneedhugedosages（齊！J量）

5.Whatcanthemicrorollersbeusedfbr?

A?Repairingbloodcells.B.Deliveringdrugs.

C.Improvingbloodflow.D.Performingoperations.

6.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutthemicrorollers?

A.Theirshape.B.Theiradvantage.C.Theirdesign.D.Theirapplication.

7.WhatcanwelearnabouttherobotsfromParagraph4?

A.Theirdirectioncanbeadjusted.B.Theymightmissthetargetcells.

C.Theymightgetstuckintheblood.D.Theirspeedcanchangeautomatically.

8.Whatwillthescientistsprobablydonext?

A.Putthemicrorollerstoclinicaluse.B.Sellthemicrorollersinlargequantities.

C.Tearthemicrorollersdowninthebody.D.Experimentwiththemicrorollersfurther.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了德國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)的小型機(jī)器人——microroller,它能夠運(yùn)送抗癌藥

物，并有選擇性地針對(duì)人類的乳腺癌細(xì)胞。

5.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“MetinSittiattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystemsinStuttgart,

Germany,andhiscolleagueshavedevelopedtinyrobots“microroller''thatcancarrycancerdrugsand

selectivelytargethumanbreastcancercells.”（德國(guó)斯圖加特馬克斯?普朗克智能系統(tǒng)研究所的梅廷?西蒂和

他的同事已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出微型機(jī)器人"microroller”，可以攜帶抗癌藥物并選擇性地靶向人類乳腺癌細(xì)胞）可

知，這種微型機(jī)器人可以運(yùn)送抗癌藥物，并有選擇地針對(duì)人類乳腺癌細(xì)胞。故選B項(xiàng)。

6.C【解析】主旨大意題。第二段“Themicrorollersareroundandmadefromglassmicroparticles.Onehalfofthe

robotwascoatedwithathinmagneticnanofilmmadefromnickelandgold.Theotherhalfwascoatedwiththe

cancerdrugdoxorubicinaswellasmoleculesthatrecognizecancercells.（microroller是圓形的，由玻璃微

粒制成。機(jī)器人的一半表面覆蓋著一層由銀和金制成的磁性納米薄膜。另一半涂有抗癌藥物阿霉素以

及識(shí)別癌細(xì)胞的分子）可知，第二段主要介紹了這種微型機(jī)器人的形狀，構(gòu)成材料等，即小型機(jī)器人

“microroller”的設(shè)計(jì)。故選C項(xiàng)。

7.A［解析］細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Byapplyingmagneticfields,theteamwasabletocontrolthemovement

ofthemicrorollers,bothwithandagainsttheflowofblood."（通過(guò)施加磁場(chǎng)，該團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠控制microroller

的運(yùn)動(dòng)，包括在順著和逆著血液流動(dòng)的情況下）可知，通過(guò)應(yīng)用磁場(chǎng)，研究小組能夠控制這種機(jī)器人

的運(yùn)動(dòng)，無(wú)論是順著血液流動(dòng)的方向還是逆著血液流動(dòng)的方向。即它的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向是可以調(diào)整的。故選A

項(xiàng)。

8.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"Theteamhopestotestthemicrorollersinanimalssoon."The

rollersneedtocarryenoughcancerdrugs,whichiswhyweneedtohavetheminlargenumbers,“saysSetti.

（該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望很快在動(dòng)物身上測(cè)試microroller。Setti說(shuō)：“微型機(jī)器人需要攜帶足夠的藥，這就是我們

需要大量使用它們的原因?！埃┩浦?，科學(xué)家要對(duì)這種機(jī)器人進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。

C

（2022?吉林長(zhǎng)春,長(zhǎng)春吉大附中實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Soot（煤）pollutionisspeedingupclimate-driven

meltinginAntarctica,anewstudysuggests,raisingquestionsabouthowtoprotectthedelicatecontinentfromthe

increasingnumberofhumanswhowanttovisit.

“Itreallymakesusquestion,isourpresencereallyneeded?^^saysAliaKhan,oneoftheauthorsofthenew

study.€tWehavequitealargeblackcarbonfootprintinAntarctica,whichisenhancingsnowandice

Blackcarbonistheleftoverthingfromburningplantsorfossilfuels.SootinAntarcticacomesprimarilyfrom

wastegasesofcruiseships（游輪），vehiclesandairplanes,althoughsomepollutiontravelsonthewindfromother

partsoftheglobe.Thedarkparticles（微粒）coatwhitesnowandabsorbheatfromthesunthewayablackT-shirt

doesonawarmday.Theblanketofdarkbitsspeedsupmeltingthatwasalreadyhappeningmorequicklybecause

ofglobalwarming.

Whensnowandiceareuncovered,theyreflectanenormousamountofsunlightbeforeitcanturnintoheat.

“Thesearethemirrorsonourplanet,“saysSoniaNagorski,ascientistattheUniversityofAlaskaSoutheast.

“Whenthosemirrorsarecoveredinafilmofdarkbits,theydon'tsendbackthatmuchlightandheat.Thatmeans

moreheatistrappedonEarth,speedingupmeltingandcontributingtoglobalwarming.”

AsascientistwhopersonallyvisitsAntarcticaeveryyear,Khansayssheistroubledbyherownresearch

results.Ontheonehand,shegoestoAntarcticatocollectcrucialdataabouthowquicklythesnowandicethereare

disappearing.C4Butthenwhenwecometoconclusionslikethisitreallydoesmakeusthinktwiceabouthow

frequentlyweneedtovisitthecontinent,Mshesays,"andwhatkindofregulationsshouldbeplacedontourismas

well.,,Thatcouldmeanrequiringthatcmiseshipsandvehiclesbeelectric,forexample,orlimitingthenumberof

visitorseachyear.

9.WhatisKhan'sattitudetowardshumanactionsinAntarcticaaccordingtoparagraph2?

A.Angryandabusive.B.Coldanduninterested.

C.Doubtfulandanxious.D.Admiringanddelighted.

10.WhatisthemaincauseofsootpollutioninAntarctica?

A.Thequickmeltingoficeandsnow.B.Theemissionfromviroustransport.

C.Theremainingpartsofburningplants.D.Thefloatinggasesfromothercontinents.

11.WhatdoweknowfromNagorski?

A.Thecoverediceislessreflective.

B.Themeltingspeedoficeisslowerthanbefore.

C.Thedarkblanketservesasabigmirror.

D.Thesunlightgetsincreasinglystrongerrecently.

12.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Whatmadeourplanetsopolluted?B.Whoistoblamefbrairpollution?

C.Canelectricvehiclessavetourism?D.ArewewelcometotheSouthPole?

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人類對(duì)南極洲的頻繁考察，導(dǎo)致煤煙污染加速了南極洲

氣溫的上升，加速了冰雪融化，人們對(duì)此情況反思，該如何降低對(duì)南極洲的考察頻率從而減少對(duì)南極洲生

態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞。

9.C［解析］推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“"Itreallymakesusquestion,isourpresencereallyneedcd?^^saysAlia

KJian,oneoftheauthorsofthenewstudy."WehavequitealargeblackcarbonfootprintinAntarctica,which

isenhancingsnowandicemelt.”（“這真的讓我們質(zhì)疑，我們的存在真的需要嗎？“這項(xiàng)新研究的作者之一

AliaKhan說(shuō)?！拔覀?cè)谀蠘O洲有相當(dāng)大的黑碳足跡，這正在促進(jìn)冰雪融化?？芍?，AliaKhan的疑問(wèn)

可以看出他對(duì)人們?nèi)ツ蠘O洲考察這一事實(shí)表示懷疑，而且他看到了人們到訪南極洲產(chǎn)生的碳足跡使南

極洲的冰雪融化，這讓他感到焦慮。故選C。

10.B［解析］細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“SootinAntarcticacomesprimarilyfromwastegasesofcruiseships

（游輪）,vehiclesandairplanes,althoughsomepollutiontravelsonthewindfromotherpartsoftheglobe.（南極

洲的煙塵主要來(lái)自游輪、車(chē)輛和飛機(jī)的廢氣，盡管一些污染是從世界其他地區(qū)隨風(fēng)傳播的。戶可知，南

極洲煤煙的主要來(lái)源就是人們所使用的交通工具。故選Bo

11.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whensnowandicearcuncovered,theyrolledancnonnousamount

ofsunlightbeforeitcanturnintoheat."Thesearethemirrorsonourplanet/1saysSoniaNagorski,ascientist

attheUniversityofAlaskaSoutheast.（當(dāng)雪和冰被揭開(kāi)時(shí),它們會(huì)在陽(yáng)光變成熱量之前反射大量的陽(yáng)光。

“這些是我們星球上的鏡子，”阿拉斯加?xùn)|南大學(xué)的科學(xué)家索尼婭?納戈?duì)査够⊿oniaNagorski）說(shuō)。戶

可以推斷，冰雪被煤煙覆蓋后，其反射陽(yáng)光的效果就會(huì)降低。故選A。

12.D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Sootpollutionisspeedingupclimate-drivenmeltinginAntarctica,anew

studysuggests,raisingquestionsabouthowtoprotectthedelicatecontinentfromtheincreasingnumberof

humanswhowanttovisit..（一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，煤煙污染正在加速南極洲的氣候融化，這引發(fā)了人們對(duì)

如何保護(hù)這片脆弱的大陸免受越來(lái)越多的想要到訪那里的人的影響的問(wèn)題。）“可知，人們?cè)谌ツ蠘O洲考

察的同時(shí)，卻破壞了南極洲的生態(tài)環(huán)境，所以該文主要分析的是我們?nèi)祟愑斜匾ツ蠘O洲考察嗎？故

選D。

D

（2023,浙江舟山?舟山中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Twowomenintheir50sstandbeholdinginfrontofGuanyinof

theSouthChinaSea,anancientChinesesculptureintheNelson-AtkinsMuseumofArtinKansasCity,Missouri.

Overthepast20years,theyhavebeenvisitingthemuseum,describingthe“motherBuddha^^as"beautifuland

tranquil,asymbolofreligioustraditionsinChina^^.Measuring2.4metershigh,1.68meterswideand1.1meters

thick,thelarger-than-lifesculpturewascarvedfromthetrunkofasinglepoplartree,whichhascreatedasenseof

calmandwarmthinthehall.

Sinceitslaunchin1933,themuseumhasbeenactivelycollecting,preserving,studyingandexhibitingworks

ofChineseart,rangingfromceramicstofurniture,andfrompaintingstosculptures.AnditsChineseartcollection

containsmasterpiecesinvarioushistoricalstages.

AnexhibitiononthethemeofLivelyCreatures—AnimalsinChineseArtwasheldatthemuseum,displaying

tensofChineseancientpaintingswithimagesofanimalsinmanyartforms.Thecreaturesonthepaintings

representedcelebration,personalmessages,andevenpoliticalandreligiousagendas.

Organizersoftheexhibitionproducedasetofcards,withimagesofanimalsononesideandtheircultural

meaningsinChineseartistictraditionontheother.Thecardsareprovidedforvisitorsfbrfree.

“Ifinditveryinteresting,andthewaythatthethingsaredrawnisverycool,^^says17-year-oldhighschool

studentCamdenLombardaftervisitingtheexhibition.4tIwanttogotoChinasomedaytofindmore,“headds.

“It'skindofeye-openingandwe'rebringingtheworldtogether,saysMakar,aneducatorwiththeschool

outreachandeducationprogramsofthemuseum.t4Therearesomanysimilaritiesaswellasbeautifuldifferences,

andwearejusttryingtounderstandandappreciateoneanother.”

“We'reinamomentwhenit'ssometimeshardtolookoutsideofyourownpersonalviewpoints/9saysHoward,

managerofvolunteerengagementatthemuseum."Ithinkhavingaccesstoseeingwhatothercultureshavecreated,

whattheyvaluedandappreciated,andwhatwasimportanttothem,isreallyimportantinbuildingthat

understandingaboutallthepeoplewesharethisplanetwith.”

13.ThetwowomenkeptvisitingtheNelson-AtkinsMuseumfbr.

A.thegrandappearanceoftheexhibitionhall

B.theiraffectionforChinesereligioustraditions

C.thegreatsizeoftheancientChinesesculpture

D.theircuriosityaboutthedelicateartisticcarving

14.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitionLivelyCreatures?

A.Theorganizersgainedahandsomeprofit.

B.Thecardsreflectedmultinationalcultures.

C.ThevisitorshadrichtravelexperiencesinChina.

D.ThepaintingsdisplayedthecharmofChineseculture.

15.HowdoesMakardescribethevisittothemuseum?

A.Instructiveandromantic.B.Imaginaryandfascinating.

C.Informativeandmulticultural.D.Educationalandentertaining.

16.What'sthepurposeofsettingupthemuseumaccordingtoHoward?

A.Tobridgedifferentcultures.B.Topopularizereligioussymbols.

C.Toexchangepersonalviewpoints.D.TodemonstrateChinesepaintings.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)描述博物館的展覽，闡述了博物館在不同文化之間架起來(lái)溝通的橋

梁，幫助不同文化增進(jìn)欣賞和理解。

13.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Twowomenintheir50sstandbeholdinginfrontofGuanyinofthe

SouthChinaSea,anancientChinesesculptureintheNelson-AtkinsMuseumofArtinKansasCity,Missouri.

Overthepast20years,theyhavebeenvisitingthemuseum,describingthe"motherBuddha"as4*beautifuland

tranquil,asymbolofreligioustraditionsinChina”.（密蘇里州堪薩斯城納爾遜-阿特金斯藝術(shù)博物館里，兩

名50多歲的婦女站在中國(guó)南海觀音前凝視。在過(guò)去的20年里，她們經(jīng)常參觀這座博物館，稱“媽祖”“美

麗寧?kù)o，是中國(guó)宗教傳統(tǒng)的象征戶可知，這兩位女士不斷參觀納爾遜-阿特金斯博物館，是因?yàn)樗齻?/p>

熱愛(ài)中國(guó)宗教傳統(tǒng)，故選瓦

14.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“AnexhibitiononthethemeofLivelyCreatures—Animalsin

ChineseArtwasheldatthemuseum,displayingtensofChineseancientpaintingswithimagesofanimalsin

manyartforms.Thecreaturesonthepaintingsrepresentedcelebration,personalmessages,andevenpolitical

andreligiousagendas.（博物餌以“活潑的生物——中國(guó)藝術(shù)中的動(dòng)物”為主題舉辦了一場(chǎng)展覽，展出了數(shù)

卜幅中國(guó)古代繪畫(huà)作品，其中動(dòng)物形象以多種藝術(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。畫(huà)上的生物代表慶祝、個(gè)人信息，甚至

政治和宗教議程。）”和第四段“Organizersoftheexhibitionproducedasetofcards,withimagesofanimals

ononesideandtheirculturalmeaningsinChineseartistictraditionontheother.（展覽組織者制作了一套卡

片，一邊是動(dòng)物的圖像，另一邊是它們?cè)谥袊?guó)藝術(shù)傳統(tǒng)中的文化意義。廠可推斷，Lively

Creatures一AnimalsinChineseArt展覽展出的繪畫(huà)展示了中國(guó)文化的魅力。故選Do

15.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"‘It'skindofeye-openingandwe'rebringingtheworldtogether/

saysMakar,aneducatorwiththeschooloutreachandeducationprogramsofthemuseum.'Therearcsomany

similaritiesaswellasbeautifuldifferences,andwearejusttryingtounderstandandappreciateone

another」（“這有點(diǎn)讓人大開(kāi)眼界，我們把世界連在了一起，”負(fù)責(zé)博物館學(xué)校外展和教育項(xiàng)目的教育工作

者馬卡爾說(shuō)?！拔覀冇泻芏嘞嗨浦?，也有很多美麗的不同點(diǎn)，我們只是在努力理解和欣賞彼此。”廣

可知，馬卡爾認(rèn)為博物館的展覽讓人大開(kāi)眼界，不同的文化有相似也有不同，增進(jìn)彼此的理解和欣賞。

因此推斷他認(rèn)為參觀博物館是信息豐富并且多元化的。故選C。

16.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Howard說(shuō)的話“Ithinkhavingaccesstoseeingwhatothercultures

havecreated,whattheyvaluedandappreciated,andwhatwasimportanttothem,isreallyimportantin

buildingthatunderstandingaboutallthepeoplewesharethisplanetwith.（我認(rèn)為，有機(jī)會(huì)了解其他文化創(chuàng)

造了什么，他們重視和欣賞什么，以及對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)重要的是什么，這對(duì)于建立與我們共享這個(gè)星球的

所有人的理解非常重要。戶可知，Howard認(rèn)為通過(guò)參觀博物館可以讓人們了解其他文化，因此推斷他

認(rèn)為建立博物館可以在不同文化之間架起橋梁。故選A。

E

（2022?山東?山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Arecordsurgeinthecreationofmarineprotectedareashas

takentheinternationalcommunityclosetoitsgoalofcreatingnaturerefugeson17%oftheworld'slandand10%

ofseasby2020,accordingtoanewUNreport.Protectedregionsnowcovermorethanfivetimestheterritoryof

theUS,buttheauthorssaidthisgoodnewswasoftenunderminedbypoorenforcement.Somereservesarelittle

morethan“paperparks"withlittlevaluetonatureconservation.Atleastonehasbeenturnedintoanindustrialzone.

Morethan27msquarekilometresofseas（7%ofthetotal）and20msqkmofland（15%ofthetotal）nowhave

protectedstatus,accordingtotheProtectedPlanetreport,whichwasreleasedonSundayattheUNbiodiversity

conferenceinSharmel-Sheikh,Egypt.

Almostallofthegrowthhasbeeninmarineregions,mostnotablywiththecreationlastyearoftheworld's

biggestprotectedarea:the2msqkmRossSeareserve,one-fifthofwhichisintheAntarctic.Theno-fishingzone

willbemanagedbyNewZealandandtheUS.

“Wehaveseenanenormousexpansioninthepasttwoyears.Thereisnowmoremarineprotectedareathan

terrestrial,whichnobodywouldhavepredicted,saidKathyMcKinnonoftheInternationalUnionforthe

ConservationofNature.thinkwe'llcontinuetoseeasubstantialincrease,I'dguess,toatleast10%inthenear

future.^^

TheUNconventiononbiologicaldiversitysaysithasreceivednationalcommitmentsforanadditional4.5m

sqkmoflandand16msqkmofoceanstobegivenprotectedstatusinthenexttwoyears.Thiswouldputiton

coursetoachieveoneofthekeyaimsofthe2010Aichibiodiversitytargets.

“Thisisthetargetwiththemostprogress.Inanoceanofbadnewsaboutbiodiversitylossandeco-destruction,

itisimportanttohighlightthatprogress,thoughwestillhavealotmoretodotoensurenotjustthequantitivetarget

buttheeffectivenessofthemanagement,saidCristianaPa^caPalmer,theheadofUNBiodiversity.

Thecreationofprotectedareashasnotbeenenoughtohaltacollapseofspeciesandecosystemsthatthreatens

civilisation.Since1970humanityhaswipedout60%ofmammal,bird,fishandreptilepopulations,witha

dangerousknock-onimpactonfoodproduction,fisheriesandclimatestability.

Protectedareasareimportantrefugesfromthiswaveofextinctionsbutmanyareunderfundedandpoorlypoliced.

OnlyoneinfivehaveprovidedmanagementassessmentstotheUN,whichhasraisedquestionsabouttheviability

oftherest.

NaomiKingston,ofUNenvironmentworldconservationmonitoringcentre,said:"Thereisaracetodeliver

onAichitarget11.Itisfantasticthatcountriesarecomingwithmoreambition,butnotifitisjustanumberwithout

substance.

“Someareasthathavebeenreportedtousasprotectedareashavebeencompletelybuiltover.Weneed

datasetstodefinewhichareasarepaperparksandwhicharereal.^^

Developingnationshavebetterreportingstandardsbecausemanyareobligedtoprovideregularassessments

inordertoqualifyforfundsfromtheGlobalEnvironmentFund.Bycontrast,manywealthiernationsdevotefew

resourcestomonitoring.

Discussionswillfocusonanew,moreflexiblecategoryfbrcommunitylandthatisusedbylocalsforboth

agriculturalproductionandwildlifeconservation.InAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica,thisisamodelthathasoften

helpedimprovebiodiversitybecauseresidents—oftenfromindigenouscommunities—livecloselywithnature

andhaveaninterestinprotectingit.

17.Whatpromotestheachievementofthegoalsofmarinenaturereserves?

A.Poormanagementofmarineprotectedareas.

B.Lossofbiodiversityandecologicaldestruction.

C.Rapidgrowthinthenumberofmarineprotectedareas.

D.CommitmentsintheUnitedNationsConventiononBiologicalDiversity.

18.Whatimpactdoestheestablishmentof“paperparks^haveonprotectedareas?

A.Theyhavepromotedtheexpansionofmarineprotectedareas.

B.Theyhavelittlevaluefornatureconservation.

C.Theyalltumintoindustrialzones.

D.Theywillslowdownthecollapseofecosystems.

19.Accordingtothepassage,whatisKathyMcKinnon'spointofview?

A.NewZealandandtheUnitedStatesregulatefishing-banzones.

B.Inthenearfuture,thenumberofmarinerefugeswillincreasebyatleast10%.

C.Thequantityandmanagementqualityofmarinerefugesarcequallyimportant.

D.ManycountrieshaveambitionstoachieveAichi11.

20.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Arecordedsurgeinthecreationofmarineprotectedareas.

B.DevelopingcountriesmayreceivefundingfromtheGlobalEnvironmentFacility.

C.TheIncreaseofmarinerefugesandtheviewsofrelevantpersonnel.

D.AchievingAichi11Goal.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的建立出現(xiàn)了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的激增。說(shuō)明了保護(hù)區(qū)幾

乎所有的增長(zhǎng)都發(fā)生在海洋地區(qū)，文章引述了不同的人對(duì)此的看法和評(píng)價(jià)以及保護(hù)區(qū)未來(lái)的發(fā)展等。

17.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Arecordsurgeinthecreationofmarineprotectedareashastakenthe

internationalcommunityclosetoitsgoalofcreatingnaturereftigeson17%oftheworld'slandand10%of

seasby2020,accordingtoanewUNreport.（聯(lián)合國(guó)一份新報(bào)告稱，海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的創(chuàng)建激增，使國(guó)際社會(huì)

接近其到2020年在世界17%的陸地和10%的海洋上建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)的目標(biāo)）“可知，海洋保護(hù)區(qū)數(shù)量迅

速增長(zhǎng)推動(dòng)了海洋自然保護(hù)區(qū)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。故選C。

18.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Somereservesarelittlemorethan“paperparks”withlittlevalueto

natureconservation.（有些保護(hù)區(qū)不過(guò)是，紙公園”，對(duì)自然保護(hù)沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值）”可知，“紙公園”的建立對(duì)

自然保護(hù)沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值。故選B。

19.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“"WehaveseenanenoiTnousexpansioninthepasttwoyears.Thereisnow

moremarin