高中英語狀語從句9種學案

第頁狀語從句在復合句中作狀語的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句有時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等種類。一、時間狀語從句引導時間狀語從句的連接詞有:when,as,while,after,before,since,eversince,assoonas,once,till,until,whenever,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely...when,themoment/minute/instant/second,everytime,eachtime,anytime,thefirsttime,nexttime,lasttime,allthetime,bythetime,directly,immediately,instantly等。1.表示“一···就···”的句型1)assoonas/onceAssoonashearrives,I'llcallyou.他一到，我就給你打電話。（assoonas側(cè)重時間或動作先后銜接緊，而once側(cè)重條件，表示“一旦...”）2)ondoingsth/onone's+n.作時間狀語Onarrivingatthestation,thethiefwasarrested.一到達車站，這個小偷就被逮捕了。OnhisarrivalinParis,hewasrecognizedasanobleandthrownintoprison.他一到達巴黎，就被認出是一個貴族，并被投入監(jiān)獄。3)nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when它們表“一…就”。結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞放在句首時，主句要倒裝。（主句都用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。）Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain.他剛到家，天就開始下雨了。Hardly/ScarcelyhadIenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.我一進屋，電話就響了。注意當nosooner,hardly,scarcely不放在句首時，主句不倒裝，如：Ihadnosoonerreachedthebusstopthanthebusstarted.我剛到車站，車就開走了。Ihadscarcely（hardly）enteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.4）themoment,theinstant,theminute,thesecondThemomentIsawhim,Irecognizedhim.我一看見他，就認出了他。We'llleavetheminuteyouareready.你一準備好，我們就出發(fā)。5)有些副詞如：instantly,immediately,directly可用作連詞，后接從句。Ileftimmediatelytheclockstruck5.我剛走，鐘就敲了五點。2.when,while,as引導時間狀語從句1)when的用法①when既可指時間點，也可指時間段（即：從句動詞可以是短暫的也可是延續(xù)的）；主從句動作可同時也可先后發(fā)生。IwasthinwhenIwasachild.當我是個孩子的時候,我很瘦。ItwasrainingwhenIarrived.我到達時，天正在下雨。②在when引導時間狀語從句時，如果從句主語與主句主語相同或為it，且從句有be動詞，則從句可省主語和be動詞，如：When(youare)introuble,youcanvisitthisman.當你有麻煩時，可以找這個人。Sheisalwayslisteningtomusicwhen（sheis)doingherhomework.當她做作業(yè)時，總是聽音樂。③when在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中,譯成“這時”,它引導的是并列句beabouttodo...when,bedoing...when,haddone···when,beonone'sway...when,beonthepointofdoing...when（參見“連詞”部分when的用法）2）while用法while只能指一段時間，從句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。強調(diào)某一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生主句動作，相當于duringthetimethatMymotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.當我在做作業(yè)時，媽媽在做飯。IamsafewhileIamhere.我在這兒的時候，我很安全。注意while除引導時間狀語從句外，還引導對比句，作“然而”講；并可在句首引出讓步狀語從句作“雖然···但”講。IlikewatchingTV,whilehelikesreading.我喜歡看電視，而他喜歡讀書。Whilehehashisowncar,heoftenusesmine.盡管他自己有車，他卻常用我的。3)as的用法①as引導時間狀語從句時?？珊蛍hen換用，但較強調(diào)同時發(fā)生，多指短暫動作。AsIleftthehouse,Iforgotthekey.我離家時，忘了帶鑰匙。②as還可說明兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況，“隨著...”的意思，表時間的推移。如：AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic.隨著年齡的增長，我變得更加樂觀。③as表“一邊…一邊…”，引出伴隨動作。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.他匆忙地回家，邊走邊往后看。④用以強調(diào)兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生。Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain.當他出去的時候，天開始下雨了。⑤as有時引出一個名詞，相當于一個時間狀語從句。Asaboy(whenhewasaboy),hewashopelessatmaths.當他是孩子時，他對數(shù)學失去希望。3.before引導的時間狀語從句①before引導的時間狀語從句不用否定式謂語。Beforetheygottothebusstop,thebushadgone.在他們到達公共汽車站之前，公共汽車已經(jīng)走了。②在“Itbe+時間段+before從句”句型中，肯定句譯成“…（之后）才”，否定句譯成“…就”。該句型有一般過去時、過去將來時、一般將來時三個時態(tài)，且有否定句。Itwillbesometimebefore...do...Itwassometimebefore...did...Itwouldbesometimebefore...did...Itwaslongbefore...did...“很久才···”Itwasn'tlongbefore...did...“不久就...”Itwillbemanyyearsbeforethechemicalsstarttoescapefromthecontainers.多年以后化學物質(zhì)才開始從容器中逃逸。Itwasnotlongbeforehecameback.不久他就回來了。Itwasalongtimebeforehegottosleepagain.很久他才再次入睡。Itwasaweekbeforehecouldtellhisstory.一個星期后他才能講述他的經(jīng)歷。Itwasn'tlongbeforehetoldusabouthimself.不久他就給我們講述了他自己的故事?！鴅efore可譯成“未來得及”HehadmeasuredmebeforeIcouldgetaword.我還未來得及插話，他就量好了尺寸。▲before可譯成“趁著還沒”I'llwriteitdownbeforeIforget.趁著還沒忘我要把它寫下來。4.until和till1)“延續(xù)性動詞肯定式+until”表示“動作延續(xù)到…為止，”譯為“直到…為止”，如：Iwaitedforhimuntilhecameback.我一直等到他回來。2)“終止性動詞的否定式+until”表示“直到···才”。Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhehadfinishedhiswork.直到完成工作他才睡覺。3)用于強調(diào)句式“Itisnotuntil...that...”Itwasnotuntiltheprofessorcamethatwebegantheexperiment.在教授到來之后，我們才開始實驗。4)notuntil放在句首時，主句倒裝。Notuntilhegraduateddidhesucceedinobtainingthiscompound.直到他畢業(yè)他才成功獲得這種化合物。注意句首和強調(diào)句中要用until，而不用till；not...until...句型中不用till。5.since引導時間狀語從句，意為“自從…時起”，主句要用完成時。Mr.Lihasbeenheresincehecameback.自從李先生回來以后，他一直在這兒。Ihaven'theardfromhimsincehelivedhere.自從他住在這兒以來，我就沒有收到過他的來信。I'veknownMr.SmithsinceIwasaboy.我小的時候就認識史密斯先生了。6.時間狀語從句的省略式當時間狀語從句的主語和主句主語相同或為it，從句又含be動詞時，從句可省略主語和be動詞。在不產(chǎn)生歧義時，連詞也可省去。如：Once(itis)seen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦被看見過，永遠也不會被忘記。二、地點狀語從句1.地點狀語從句主要由where,whereveranywhere,everywhere引導。Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.我們必須在能找到水的地方露營。Iwillfollowyouwhereveryougo.無論你到何處我都要跟隨你。2.地點狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：where引導定語從句，從句前應有一個表示地點的名詞作先行詞。Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.（where引導地點狀語從句）Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.（where引導定語從句，village為先行詞）三、原因狀語從句原因狀語從句由because,as,since,now(that)（既然）,inthat（因為，多于口語中）,seeing(that)（鑒于，由于）,consideringthat（考慮到）等引導。1.because用來回答why提出的問題，表直接的因果關(guān)系，用于告知對方不知道的原因，語氣最強，可用于強調(diào)句。Hedidn'tattendthemeetingbecausehewasill.他沒參加會議，因為他病了。Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tgowithus.因為他有病，他沒有和我們一起去。注意because和becauseof的區(qū)別：because是連詞，引導從句，becauseof是短語介詞，后接名詞性詞語，如：Thefootballmatchwasputoffbecauseitrained.Thefootballmatchwasputoffbecauseoftherain.因為下雨，足球賽延期了。2.since,as,nowthat引導的原因狀語從句，不能用于強調(diào)句。①since的語氣比because稍弱，表示關(guān)系上的自然結(jié)果，特別用于原因已經(jīng)清楚了的事情，一般譯成“既然，鑒于”（往往放在主句之前）如：Sinceyouhaveknownthesecret,Ineedn'tsayanythingaboutit.既然你已經(jīng)知道了這個秘密，我就不必說了。②as語氣最弱，說明一般的因果關(guān)系，表顯而易見的原因或倒果為因的說法（可放在主句之前，亦可放在主句之后），如：Ashedidn'tknowmuchEnglish,hegotouthisdictionaryandlookeduptheword“cough”.他對英語懂得不多，他拿出字典查找“cough”這個詞。Asthegroundiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.（倒果為因）昨晚一定下了雨，地面是濕的。③nowthat用來說明一種新情況，然后加以推論。nowthat放句首時that可省略：Now(that)everybodyishere,let'sbegin.3.for也可以表示原因，屬并列連詞，不是說明直接原因，而是對某種情況加以推斷，表示補充說明理由。而推斷的理由會因人而異。語氣很弱，它引出的分句必須放在另一分句后。Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.4.原因狀語從句有時可以用分詞形式表現(xiàn)。Ashewasblind,hecouldn'tseeanything.Beingblind,hecouldn'tseeanything.四、條件狀語從句1．由if,unless（if...not）,so/aslongas,supposing(that)（假設）,incase（萬一…,以防…）,so/asfaras（就...而言）,onconditionthat（條件是...）,provided/providing(that)（假若）引導。Tellmeaboutitifyouhavetime.Iwon'tgounlessI'minvited.Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.Youmayusetheroomas/solongasyoucleanitupafterwards.2.“祈使句+and/or/orelse/otherwise+陳述句”的句型中，祈使句在意義上實際上相當于條件狀語從句。Useyourhead,andyou'llfindaway.Hurryuporelse(otherwise)you’llbelate.3.ifonly也可以引導條件狀語從句,只不過較少使用而已。onlyif也引導條件狀語從句，意思是“只有在...條件下”If(only)itclearsup,Iwillgo.4.條件狀語從句中一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表將來。Iwillgoifyougo.5.條件狀語從句中的省略問題1)從句主語為it,又有系動詞be時，可以省略從句中主語和be動詞。Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.Ifso,youmustgetbackandgetit.還有諸如ifnecessary“如果有必要”，ifany“如果有”，ifinneed“若需要”。2）如果if從句的主語和主句的主語一致，謂語動詞又有be,可以把從句中的主語和be省略掉。If(wateris)heated,watersendsoutsteam.6.條件句中的虛擬與倒裝①if引導的條件狀語從句若與過去或現(xiàn)在事實不符，或?qū)ξ磥磉M行不可能的假設，就要用虛擬語氣。（詳見虛擬語氣部分）②省略if的虛擬條件從句：若條件從句的謂語動詞有were,had或should,可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主語前構(gòu)成倒裝。HadIarrivedthereearlier,Iwouldhaveseenhim.Wereitnotforhim,Iwouldnothavethechancetogohome.Shouldhebeheretomorrow,Iwouldgivehimahand.五、目的狀語從句由sothat（以便），inorderthat（為了），forfearthat（=incase）（以免），lest（以防）引導，謂語常含may,might,can,could,will,would等情態(tài)動詞。Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveatthestationingoodtime.I'llspeakslowlysothat/inorderthatyoucanunderstand.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat（lest）hewouldforget.★當從句與主句主語一致時，可用todo,soastodo,inordertodo結(jié)構(gòu)換用。Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.六、結(jié)果狀語從句1.常用的連詞有sothat，so...that,such...that,that（帶古英語痕跡）。（結(jié)果狀語從句中一般無情態(tài)動詞）Hehadoversleptsothathewaslateforwork.MypenfellundermydeskthatIcouldn'tseeit.2.so/such...that所用句式①so+adj（adv)+that從句TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.②so+adj+a/an+單名+that從句＝sucha/an+adj.+單名+that從句Sheissobeautifulagirlthatalltheboysofourclasslikeher.=Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthatalltheboysofourclasslikeher.③somany/few+復名+that從句somuch/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句Therearesomanyapplesonthedeskthatweeachhaveone.Thereissolittlewaterthatyoucan'tdrink.④such+a/an+adj+單名+that從句Sheissuchagoodgirlthatshecanhelpyou.⑤such+adj+復名/不可數(shù)名+that從句Itwassuchbadweatherthatweallstayedhome.Hehassuchinterestingbooksthathekeepsreadingallday.注意little表“小，可愛”時，用such不用so修飾。Heissuchalittleboythathispatentsoftenteachhimsomething.七、方式狀語從句由as,asif(asthough)引導。Doasyoulike.Hespokeasifhehadbeentherebefore.注意asif,asthough從句與事實相反時用虛擬語氣，與事實相符，不用虛擬語氣。八、比較狀語從句①常用連詞than,as...as...,notas/so...asHeranasfarashecould.I'mnotas/sotallashe/him.ShestudiesharderthanI（study）．②themore...themore...引導,且經(jīng)常以省略形式出現(xiàn)Theharderyoutry,thebetteryouwillunderstand.九、讓步狀語從句由though,although,as,evenif/though,nomatterwh-,wh-ever詞，whether...or（不管...都），when,while等引導。1.though,although這兩個連詞用法基本一樣，只是前者口語化，后者較正式，常位于句首，都不與but連用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless連用。though還可作副詞單獨放在句尾，表示“然而”的意思。AlthoughtheTVsetisverydear,Istillwanttobuyit.Though/Althoughhewaswornout,hekeptonworking.2.as引導讓步狀語時，從句部分用倒裝語序，句型為:①形容詞/副詞/名詞+as+主+謂②動詞+as+主+情態(tài)動詞Childasheis,heknowsalot.Proudasthesenoblesare,theyareafraidtoseeme.Greatascientistasheis,heremainsmodest.TryasImight,Icouldn'tliftthestone.注意在這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可以用though（不太常用），但不可用although.Bravelythoughtheplayersfought,theyhadnochanceofwinning.3.evenif（盡管；即使）,eventhough（盡管）這兩個復合連詞意義基本相同，常用以強調(diào)讓步概念，有退一步想的意思（有時用于虛擬）。表“即使”時有假設含義，一般用evenif。We'llmaketripevenif(though)theweatherisbad.EvenifIwereinyourplace,Iwouldn'ttakethejob.（虛擬）4.“whether...or...”可引導讓步狀語從句Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.5.“nomatter+wh-”引導讓步狀語從句引導讓步狀語從句時“疑問句-ever”相當于“nomatter+疑問詞”，此時：nomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterhow=howeverNomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.It'saniceroomnomatterwhom(whoever)itbelongsto.6.“nomatter+wh-”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導讓步狀語從句，而“wh-ever”形式除引導讓步狀語從句外，還可以引導名詞性從句。引導名詞性從句時：whoever=anyonewho任何…的人…whatever=anythingthat任何…的事（物）whenever=anyplacewhere任何…的地方Iwillgivethebooktowhoeverneedsit.Ilikewhateveryoulike.7.when引導讓步狀語從句時置于主句后①雖然···卻···，盡管···但···Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi.②本（應...，可以...）卻...。when從句用虛擬式為：could/should...havedoneShestoppedtryingwhenshemightsucceednexttime.8.while引導讓步狀語從句時置于主句前，與though同，但though從句可到裝，while從句不可倒裝。9.讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Nomatterwhatheis,hewillbepunished.十、狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同或為it,同時從句謂語含be動詞，就可省去從句的主語和be動詞。①時間狀語從句中：Don’tspeakuntil(youare)spokento.While(Iwas)inBeijing,Ilivedwithmyuncle.Iwanttogoswimmingwhen(itis)possible.②條件狀語從句中：Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.If(itis)so,youwouldbepunished.Unless(itis)repaired,theTVsetisofnouse.③方式狀語從句中：Shestoodatthegateasif(shewas)waitingforsomeone.④其他狀語從句中：Though(itwas)cold,hestillworeashirt.Fillintheblankswithproperwordswhere(itis)necessary.練習一、用適當?shù)倪B詞填空：1.Dr.Bethune(白求恩)cametoChina__________hewasfifty.2.Hebegantowork__________hegotthere.3.Let'sbeginourmeeting__________everyoneishere.4.IliketheEnglishpeople,__________Idon'tliketheirfood.5.__________yougoinChina,youcanseesmilingfaces.6.Hedidn'tcometothelecture,__________hewasverybusy.7.__________wehadenoughtime,wewalkedtothecinema.8.Theywillhelpyou__________youmeetwithdifficulty.9._________wecametotheuniversity,wehavelearntquitealot.10.Ididn'tjointhemyesterdayevening__________Ihadtogotoanimportantmeeting.11.Wewouldtrytogetacar__________wecouldalltraveltogethermoreeasily.12.Shewouldn'tforgethermother'sbirthday__________sheseldomwrotetoherfamily.13.We'redoingeverythingwecantomakethingsaseasyforyou___________wecan.14.Themeetingbecamesodisorderly__________thespeakerhadtoshouttheaudiencedown.15.Hewasangrier__________everbefore.16.__________youlockallthedoors,hecanstillmanagetogetin.17.Theboywassotired__________hefellasleeponthebus.18.Hard_________hetried,hecouldn’tforcethedooropen.二、選擇填空1.______you’vetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.A.Unless

B.Because

C.Although

D.When2.Heleftin______ahurry______heforgothiskey.A.such,that B.so,that C.thesame,as D.such,as3.Hehaslovedme______Iwerehisson.A.because B.as C.if D.asthough4.Idon’tthinkI’llneedanymoneybutI’llbringsome______.A.aslast

B.incase

C.onceagain

D.intime5.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup______Icouldanswer.A.as

B.since

C.before

D.until6.Wemustdoitwell,______therearealotofdifficulties.A.asif

B.asthough

C.eventhough

D.evenas7.______hastakenpartintheAthensOlympicGamesisworthpraisingnomatter______hehaswonmedalsornot.A.Who;if

B.Anyone;whether

C.Whoever;whether D.Whoever;how8.It’salongtime______Isawyoulast.Yes,andwhatapityitisnowthatitwillbealongtime______weseeeachotheragain.A.before;since

B.since;when

C.since;before

D.when;before9.Theheadofthecompanypromisedtodealwithmattersofthissort______hereturnedtohisoffice.A.until

B.while

C.bythetime

D.themoment10.Hehadalreadywalkedthreeorfourmiles______hesawacartbythesideoftheroad.A.while

B.when

C.themoment

D.unless11.Much______theyoungcoupleneededmoneytomakethedownpaymentfortheapartment,theywouldn’tasktheirparentsforhelp.A.although B.as C.evenif D.while12.Ihavekeptthephoto______Icanalwaysseeit,asitremindsmeofthedayswhenIstudiedinBritain.A.atwhich

B.when

C.where

D.attheplace13.Iwouldappreciateit______youcanhelpmewithmyEnglishthisafternoon.A.because

B.until

C.when

D.if14.______youmayberight,Ican’taltogetheragree.A.As

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