8.形容詞與副詞+講義 新高一上學期初升高英語銜接

初高中英語語法銜接材料第八講：形容詞★形容詞的比較等級在形容詞詞尾加上-er，-est構(gòu)成比較級、最高級。⒉雙寫最后一個字母，再加上一er、-est構(gòu)成比較級、最高級。⒊以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞，加上-r，-st構(gòu)成比較級、最高級。⒋以字母y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y改為i，再加上-er、-est構(gòu)成比較級、最高級。⒌雙音節(jié)、多音節(jié)形容詞，在單詞前面加上-more–most構(gòu)成比較級、最高級。⒍

不規(guī)則變化的形容詞。原級比較級最高級good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身體)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身體)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身體)最不舒服的ill(身體)不舒服的many許多的(可數(shù))more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的(不可數(shù))；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠的；遠地farther更遠的；更遠地farthest最遠的；最遠地further進一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)★形容詞的用法(1)講述某人/物自身的情況時,用原級?；揪湫褪牵褐髡Z(sb./sth)+謂語動詞+(very/too/so/quite/rather…)+形容詞/副詞原級+….如：Heisveryoldnow.(他現(xiàn)在很老了)/Theyranquitefast.(它們跑得相當快)/Theweatherlooksratherbad.(天氣看上去相當糟)/Iamsohappy!(我是如此的快樂)☆表示兩者之間沒有差別時,使用句型：主語(第一個人物)+謂語動詞+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as+第二個人物+….如：Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister.(他和他妹妹一樣興奮)/rodeherbikeasslowlyasanoldlady.(莉莉騎車像老太太一樣慢)/Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).(他們摘的蘋果和農(nóng)民一樣多)表示第一個人比不上第二個人時,使用句型：主語(第一個人物)+謂語動詞(否定式)+as/so+形容詞/副詞原級+as+第二個人物+….如：Heisnotso/asexcitedashisyoungersister.(他沒他妹妹那么興奮)/Lilydidnotrideherbikeso/asslowlyasanoldlady.(莉莉騎車不像老太太那樣慢)/Theydidn’tpickso/asmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).(他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多)(2)講述兩者有差異,第一個人物超過第二個人物時,用比較級。基本句型：主語(‘A’)+謂語動詞+(much/alittle/even/still)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than+第二個人物(‘B’)+….如：Amoderntrainismuchfasterthanacar.(現(xiàn)代的火車比轎車快多了)/Thisbookdidn’tcostmemorethanthatone.(這本書花費我的錢不比那本多)講述兩者有差異,第一個人物不及第二個人物時,用比較級。句型是：主語(‘A’)+謂語動詞+less+(多音節(jié)形/副)比較級+than+第二個人物(‘B’)+….如：IthinkEnglishislessdifficultthanmaths.(我認為英語不比數(shù)學難)/Doyouthinkitlessimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage?(你認為學外語不那么重要嗎？)(3)講述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個時,用最高級。句型是：主語(sb./sth)+謂語動詞+(the)+形容詞/副詞最高級+in/of….如：TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestinChina.(長江是中國最長的河流)/Hejumped(the)highestofthethree(boys).(三個男生中他跳得最高)☆倍數(shù)表達法①Aisthree(four,etc)timesthesize(height,lengthetc.)ofB.如：Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。②Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.如：AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。③Aisthree(fouretc.)timesbigger(higher,longeretc.)thanB.如：Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.☆形容詞比較級的用法形容詞的比較級用于兩個人或事物的比較，結(jié)構(gòu)形式如下：⒈A+is/arm/are形容詞比較級+than+B如：SheistallerthanTomismoreathleticthanSam.⒉比較級+and+比較級，表示“越來越”例如：warmerandwarmernicerandnicermoreandmorebeautiful⒊the+比較級……，the+比較級……如：Themoreyoureadthebook,themoreinterestingyoufound.⒋

比較級的修飾語有：much,far,even,alittle,abit,alot等。如：HemadefewermistakesthanIdid.HeisevenricherthanI.★表述觀點態(tài)度的形容詞集錦(1)積極類:supportive(支持的)，approving(贊成的)，infavorof(支持)，favorable(贊成的)，optimistic(樂觀的)，positive(積極的)，impressive(給人深刻印象的)，humorous(幽默的)，concerned(關(guān)切的)，praise(表揚)，serious((嚴肅的);(2)消極類:disgusting(令人厭惡的)，disapproving(不贊同的)，critical(批評的)，negative(消極的)，doubtful(懷疑的)，pessimistic(悲觀的)，depressed((沮喪的)，disappointed(失望的)，hostile(有敵意的)，ironic(諷刺的)，skeptical(質(zhì)疑的)，opposed(反對的);(3)中立類:indifferent(不關(guān)心的)，informative(資料豐富的)，impartial(公正的)，objective(客觀的)，neutral(中立的)，factual(基于事實的)。★近三年?？嫉男稳菰~ashamed慚愧的accurate精確的acceptable—（反）unacceptable不可接受的amusing有趣的,逗笑的amazing令人驚異的attractive有吸引力的annoying討厭的,煩人的anxious擔心的;急切的accessible容易得到的;易到達的available可利用的brilliant聰明的brief簡略的casual隨意的;漫不經(jīng)心的complicated復雜的curious好奇的delighted高興的,愉快的–delightful令人愉快的discouraged沮喪的determined堅決的,堅定的energy能量—energetic精力充沛的extraordinary非同尋常的generous慷慨的instructive有教育意義的independent獨立的infrequent不經(jīng)常的instant立即的impatient不耐煩的modest謙虛的negative否定的;消極的vulnerable易受攻擊的,有弱點的副詞★副詞和形容詞一樣，也有原級、比較級和最高級三個等級。其構(gòu)成方式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種情況。規(guī)則變化的一般規(guī)律是：單音節(jié)詞的比較級和最高級在詞尾加-er或-est；多音節(jié)詞以及-ly結(jié)尾的副詞（early除外），前面加more或most。不規(guī)則的變化式只能采用“各個擊破”的辦法去記憶。規(guī)則變化soon—sooner—soonestloud—louder—loudestfast—faster—fastestearly—earlier—earliesthappily—morehappily—mosthappilycarefully—morecarefully—mostcarefully②不規(guī)則變化★副間的比較級的用法⒈單獨使用如：Trytodobetternexttime.下次爭取干好一點。He’llcomebacksoonerorlater.他遲早會回來的。Pleasespeakmoreslowly.請講慢一點。⒉和than一起使用如：HeswimsbetterthanIdo.他游泳游得比我好。Canyoudoanybetterthanthat.你能不能干的好一些？Hearrivedearlierthanusual.他到的比平時早。⒊比較級前可有狀語修飾如：Youmustworkmuchfaster.你必須大大加快干活的速度。Canyoucomeoverabitmorequickly?你能稍稍快點來嗎？⒋as…as和notso…as結(jié)構(gòu)這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)也可結(jié)合副詞使用①as…as可用在肯定句中，表示“像……一樣"，后面的副詞要用原級。如：Shecanrunasfastasadeer.她能跑的像鹿一樣快。②在否定句中，as…as和so…as都可以用。例如：Idon'tgothereasmuchasIuse.我現(xiàn)在到那里不象過去那么多了。Ididn'tdoas(so)wellasIshould.我做的不如我應做的那么好。③這種句子中也可以有一個表示程度的狀語。例如：Shecanreadtwiceasfastashedoes.她閱讀的速度比他快一倍。副詞最高級可修飾動詞，前面多數(shù)不帶定冠詞the。如：Helaughsbestwholaughslast.（諺語）誰笑在最后誰笑的最好。ofthefourofus,Isang(the)worst.我們四人中我唱的最差?！锔痹~比較級和最高級的一些特殊用法副詞比較級和最高級還可用在一些特別結(jié)構(gòu)或短語中。⒈moreandmore越來越……Itrainedmoreandmoreheavily.雨下得越來越大了Shewentfartherandfartheraway.她越走越遠了。⒉themore…themore…越……越……ThemoreIwork,themoreIaccomplish.我干得越多，完成的就越多。⒊hadbetter(not)dosth.最好（不要）做某事例如：We'dbetternotdisturbhim.我們最好不要打擾他。Whathadwebetterdo?我們最好做什么?★形容詞副詞1．形容詞+ly

bad—badlyclear—clearly

清楚地complete—completely完全final—finally最后fortunate—fortunately幸運地lucky—luckily幸運地general—generally一般來講immediate—immediatelylate遲的—lately

最近；近來mainadj.主要的—mainly

主要地particular特殊的，獨特的—particularly獨特地special—specially專門，特殊地2.以ble,ple,tle結(jié)尾的形容詞,去e+y

capable–capably能干地comfortable—comfortablygentle—gently溫柔地incredible–incredibly難以置信地simple–simply僅僅；簡單地possible—possiblyprobable—probablyreasonable—reasonably合理地responsible–responsibly負責地terrible—terribly糟糕地sensible—sensibly明智地inevitable--inevitably不可避免地3.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,把y變i+lyangry—angrilyeasy—easilyheavy—heavilyhappy—happilylucky—luckilymerry—merrilynoisy—noisily特例1：dry—dryly干燥地shy—shyly害羞地sly—slyly狡猾地特例2：true—trulywhole—whollyfull—fullydull—dully4.以ic結(jié)尾的+allyenergetic—energetically充滿活力地automatic—automatically自動地scientific—scientifically科學地economic—economically經(jīng)濟地basic—basically基礎地，基本地特例：public―publicly公共地

5.意義有別的同根副詞close接近；緊挨著—closely仔細地；緊密地deep深入地—deeply深深地free免費地——freely不拘束地hard努力地;猛烈地——hardly幾乎不high在高處——highly高度地；非常just恰好；僅僅——justly公正地late遲;晚——lately最近地注意：latest最新的later后來latter后者near在附近——nearly幾乎；差不多pretty很；非常—prettily漂亮地；優(yōu)美地shortly不久（soon）；簡短地

wide廣闊地；充分地—widely廣泛地；普遍動詞變副詞hurry-hurriedlyexpect-（反）unexpectedlyincrease-increasinglysurprise-surprisinglyrepeat-repeatedlyexcite-excitedlydoubt-（反）undoubtedlyworry-worriedly模擬練習1．Hedoesnotthinkthathisbeliefsmakehimany___________(bad)thananyotherman.2．Maybeitisbecausethefirstimpressionisthe___________(strong)thatChinaDailyhasbecomeonepartofmylife.3．Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe___________(sweet)．4．The___________(big)theactivityinequalityofacountryis,thehigheritsrateofobesitywillbe.5．Ofthetwolectures,thefirstwasbyfarthe___________(good),partlybecausethespeakerhadanextraordinarystyle.6．Mobilephonesaremakingourlife___________(easy),buthavereducedtheneedforface-to-facecommunication.7．He'sthebestteacherinthisschool,eventhoughhehasthe___________(little)experience.8．Min-KyuChoi,29,hadboughttheworld's___________(thin)laptop,advertisedasbeingslimenoughtofitinanenvelope.9．You'llhavetospeak___________(loud)—Ican'thearyou.10．Thenewgroupofstudentsisbetter-behavedthantheothergroupwhostayedhere___________(early)．11．LiHuadidverywellintheexamination,andIdidno___________(badly),gaining98marks.12．Thedetectivesaid，“Wemustcatchthekidnapper.The___________(soon)thebetter.”13．Atfirstsightitlooked___________(little)likeacapitalcitythanaminingcamp.14．Stay___________(far)fromthedoorifyouwillbethelastpersontostepoutoftheelevator.15．Salesmenandwaitersaretwoofthe___________(much)commonjobsthatstudentstrytofindduringthesummermonths.16．Iknowmysister___________(well)thananyoneelse.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.17.“Ibecamefamous___________(instant)andwasgivenanickname‘UncleHanzi’，”Searssaidwithasmile.18.Thetitlewillbe___________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.19.Ifyouunderstandthemeaningofthesentence,eachwordisnot___________(necessary)important.20.Inthisway,youcould___________(possible)losemoreweightevenifeatingthesameamountoffood.21.Batterychargingsystemsremain___________(basic)thesameasthoseinusehalfacenturyago.高考真題再現(xiàn)1.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets，the___________(hot)thespring!2.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill___________(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!3.(2021·全國甲卷)Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat___________(good)thantorideonapieceofhis