北京第四十二中學(xué)高一英語(yǔ)月考試題含解析

北京第四十二中學(xué)高一英語(yǔ)月考試題含解析一、選擇題1.Jackgraduatedfromuniversityin2000.He_______inabigcompanyinBeijingeversince.A.isworking B.worked

C.hasworked

D.works參考答案：C2.ThereferencesIhavemadetolightandexistenceonlytouchthesurfaceofavery________debate.A.complicated B.confusedC.content D.confident參考答案：A【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我所提到的光和光的存在只觸及了一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的爭(zhēng)論的表面。A.complicated復(fù)雜的；B.confused困惑的；C.content滿足的；D.confident自信的。由“touchthesurface”可知，complicated“復(fù)雜的”符合句意。故選A項(xiàng)。3.—Thanksfor____meofthemeetingthismorning.—You’rewelcome.A.advising

B.suggesting

C.reminding

D.telling參考答案：C4.Onlywhen________thedataagain________thattherewasamistake.A.theyhadstudied；didtheyrealize

B.theyhadstudied；realizedtheyC.hadtheystudied；didtheyrealize

D.hadtheystudied；realizedthey參考答案：A略5.Lifewasdifficultforthefamilythenbutthings________betterandbetterovertheyears.A．got

B．weregettingC．havegot

D．wouldget參考答案：C[overtheyears意思是“過(guò)去這些年(＝inthepastfewyears)”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。]6.—Ibegyourpardon?Ican’tfollowyou.

—________.A.Pleasebecareful.

B.Sorry,Iwillrepeatthat.C.Whatabout?

D.What’sthematter?參考答案：B7.Hewasinspiredtostartagain______hehadfailed.

A.inwhich B.what C.where D.that參考答案：C8.It’simportantforustoemployawordoraphraseaccordingtothe_____inlanguagestudies.A.situation B.expression C.condition D.translation參考答案：A略9.ThisimportantlessonbyProfessorWangteachesprimarystudentshowto________themselvesfromdanger.

A.permit

B.prevent

C.prove

D.protect參考答案：D10.

–Heiseagertotrysomethinghehasnevertriedbefore.-Oh,Isee.That’s______________hediffersfromothers.A.when

B.where

C.how

D.what參考答案：B11.It’sjustapersonalgathering,soyouneedn’thave______soformally.A.stayedup B.putup C.dressedup D.cheeredup參考答案：C12.TheChinesegovernmenthasdonewhatitcantopreventtheAH1N1flu______.

A.tospread

B.fromspreading

C.tobespread

D.frombeingspread參考答案：B13.Tomworksveryhard,sohisbossthinks______him.

A.good

of

B.highlyof

C.trulyof

D.wellfor參考答案：B14.Wouldyoupleasemakeupatopicworth______attomorrow’smeeting?A.discussing

B.discussed

C.tobediscussed

D.beingdiscussed參考答案：A15.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer________sheneededtodecidewhattodo.A．that

B．what

C．which

D．where參考答案：D16.Itissonicetohearfromher.________,welastmetmorethirtyyearsago.

A.What’smore B.Thatistosay C.Inotherwords D.Believeitornot參考答案：D略17.Canadaisacountry_______manydifferentnationalitiesaswellasonewithforeignimmigrants(移民)_______themajorityofitspopulation.A.makingupof;occupiedwith

B.consistingof;makingupC.madeupof;consistingof

D.consistedof;

takingup參考答案：B考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。country與consistof之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動(dòng)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)；immigrant與makeup之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。選B。18.Hiswholeschooleducation_____only2yearsbecauseofhisillness.A.addedup

B.addeduptoC.addedto

D.wasaddedupto參考答案：B19.Jacktriedtoplayatrick______hissisterbutshewasn’ttaken________.

A.by;on

B.in;in

C.on;in

D.on;on參考答案：C略二、完型填空20.ALeap（跳躍）toHonorLeapingonanarrowbalancebeam（平衡木）isnoteasy.ButLolaWalter,a13-year-oldgymnast,isanexpertatit.Toperfectherskills,Lola____21____forfourhoursaday,fivedaysaweek.AtthestatechampionshipsinMarch,shefinishedseventhoutof16girls.That’sespeciallyimpressive,____22____

sheislegallyblind,bornwitharareconditionthatcauseshereyestoshiftconstantly.Sheoftenseesdoubleandcan’t____23____howfarawaythingsare.Whenshewaslittle,hermom

____24____thateventhoughshecouldn’tsee____25____,shewasfearless.Sohermomsignedherupforgymnasticswhenshewasthree.Shelovedthe___26___rightawayandgymnasticsbecameherfavorite.Thoughlearninggymnasticshasbeenmore___27___

forherthanforsomeofhertournaments,shehasneverquit.Shedoesn’tlether_____28_____stopherfromdoinganythingthatshewantsto.Shelikesthedeterminationittakestodothesport.Herbiggest_____29_____isthebalancebeam.Becauseshehasdoublevision,sheoftenseestwobeams.Shemustusehersenseoftouchtohelpherduringherroutine.Sometimessheevencloseshereyes.“Youhaveto____30____yourmindthatit’lltakeyouwhereyouwanttogo,”saysLola.Tobeatop-levelgymnast,onemustbebrave.Thebeamisprobablythemost

___31___foranyonebecauseit’sfourincheswide.Atthestatecompetition,Loladidn’t___32___thebeam.Infact,shegotan8.1outof10----herhighestscoreyet.Loladoesn’twanttobe___33___differentlyfromtheothergirlsonherteam.Atthecompetitions,thejudgesdon’tknowabouthervision____34____.Shedoesn’ttellthem,becauseshedoesn’tthinktheyneedtoknow.Hermomisamazedbyher____35____attitude.Lolaneverthinksabout

____36____.Sheispresentlyatlevel7whilethehighestislevel10ingymnastics.Her____37____istoreachlevel9.Shesaysshewantstobeagymnasticscoachto____38____whatshe’slearnedtootherkidswhenshegrewup.Lolais___39___ofallherhardworkandsuccess.Shesaysithashelpedherovercomeproblemsinherlifeoutsidegymnastics,too.Her____40____forothersis“justbelieveyourself”.21.A.runs

B.teaches

C.trains

D.dances22.A.since

B.unless

C.after

D.though23.A.tell

B.guess

C.fancy

D.predict24.A.doubted

B.Remembered

C.imagined

D.noticed25.A.deeply

B.well

C.ahead

D.carefully26.A.task

B.sport

C.event

D.show27.A.boring

B.enjoyable

C.difficult

D.unsatisfying28.A.talent

B.quality

C.nature

D.condition29.A.doubt

B.advantage

C.challenge

D.program30.A.examine

B.express

C.open

D.trust31.A.fearful

B.harmful

C.unfair

D.inconvenient32.A.falldown

B.fallover

C.falloff

D.fallbehind33.A.greeted

B.treated

C.served

D.paid34.A.pains

B.stresses

C.injuries

D.problems35.A.positive

B.friendly

C.selfless

D.devoted36.A.defending

B.quitting

C.winning

D.bargaining37.A.standard

B.range

C.view

D.goal38.A.gothrough

B.passby

C.handdown

D.giveout39.A.proud

B.tired

C.ashamed

D.confident40.A.plan

B.advice

C.reward

D.Responsibility參考答案：21.C

22.A

23.A

24.D

25.B

26.B

27.C

28.D

29.C

30.D

31.A

32.C

33.B

34.D

35.A

36.B

37.D

38.C

39.A

40.B本文是一篇記敘文，生來(lái)眼睛就有問(wèn)題的Lola積極面對(duì)生活，希望自己不要被區(qū)別對(duì)待。她參加了體操訓(xùn)練并在比賽里得到高分，她給別人的建議是：Justbelieveyourself?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析及生活常識(shí)。A.runs奔跑；B.teaches教學(xué)；C.trains訓(xùn)練；D.dances跳舞；為了完善自己的技巧，Lola每天訓(xùn)練四個(gè)小時(shí)，一周訓(xùn)練五天。Lola是一位體操隊(duì)員要參加訓(xùn)練，屬于生活常識(shí)。故C項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查連詞。A.since因?yàn)?；B.unless除非，如果…不…；C.after在…后；D.though盡管；因?yàn)樗鷣?lái)就有一種罕見(jiàn)的疾病導(dǎo)致她不斷眨眼，從法律來(lái)說(shuō)她是盲人，她練習(xí)體操就特別讓人印象深刻。上下文之間是因果關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)正確。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.tell辨別；B.guess猜測(cè)；C.fancy幻想；D.predict預(yù)測(cè)；她總是重影無(wú)法辨別物體的遠(yuǎn)近。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.doubted懷疑；B.Remembered記得；C.imagined想象；D.noticed注意到；當(dāng)她小的時(shí)候，她的媽媽就注意到盡管她無(wú)法看清楚，但她并不害怕。這是她的媽媽注意到她小時(shí)的情況。故D項(xiàng)正確。【25題詳解】考查副詞辨析。A.deeply深入地；B.well好地；C.ahead前面地；D.carefully細(xì)心地；當(dāng)她小的時(shí)候，她的媽媽就注意到盡管她無(wú)法看清楚，但她并不害怕。本句使用副詞well修飾動(dòng)詞，well并不是本身含義，而是引申意，表示看得清楚。故B項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】考查名詞辨析及生活常識(shí)。A.task任務(wù)；B.sport運(yùn)動(dòng)；C.event事件；D.show表演；體操是一項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，這是常識(shí)。句意：在她三歲的時(shí)候，她的媽媽讓她報(bào)名參加了體操，她立刻就喜歡上體操，體操也成為了她的最?lèi)?ài)。故B項(xiàng)正確。【27題詳解】考查形容詞辨析及上下文串聯(lián)。A.boring乏味的；B.enjoyable令人愉快的；C.difficult困難的；D.unsatisfying令人不滿意的；學(xué)習(xí)體操對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)比別人更加困難，因?yàn)樗暳τ袉?wèn)題。這在上文已經(jīng)提及。故C項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.talent才干；才能；B.quality質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；C.nature天性；自然；D.condition條件，情況；盡管學(xué)習(xí)體操對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)比別人更加困難，但她并沒(méi)有讓這個(gè)情況阻止她做她想做的事情。句中的condition就是指她視力有問(wèn)題的情況。故D項(xiàng)正確。【29題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.doubt懷疑；B.advantage優(yōu)勢(shì)；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.program節(jié)目；對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)最大的挑戰(zhàn)是平衡木。因?yàn)樗暳Σ恍?，有時(shí)候有重影，判斷不清楚距離，很難參加平衡木。故C項(xiàng)正確。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.examine檢查；B.express表達(dá)，表示；C.open打開(kāi)；D.trust信任；因?yàn)橐暳τ袉?wèn)題，她有時(shí)候會(huì)閉上眼睛。她說(shuō)你得信任你得思想，它會(huì)帶你去你想去的地方。故D項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.fearful可怕的；害怕的；B.harmful有害的；C.unfair不公平的；D.inconvenient不方便的；因?yàn)槠胶饽局挥兴挠⒋鐚?，所以它是最令人害怕的一個(gè)體操項(xiàng)目了。故A項(xiàng)正確。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A.falldown跌倒，失?。籅.fallover絆倒，跌倒；C.falloff從…上跌落；退出；D.fallbehind落后；在全國(guó)比賽中，她并沒(méi)有從平衡木上掉下來(lái)，她得到了8.1分，是她最高分。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)含義可知C項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.greeted問(wèn)候；B.treated對(duì)待，治療；C.served服務(wù)，服役；D.paid支付；Lola并不想自己被不同的對(duì)待，她認(rèn)為自己和別人一樣。在比賽中，裁判也不知道她有視力問(wèn)題。故B項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.pains努力；B.stresses壓力；C.injuries受傷；D.problems問(wèn)題；Lola并不想自己被不同的對(duì)待，她認(rèn)為自己和別人一樣。在比賽中，裁判也不知道她有視力問(wèn)題。名詞problem就是指她的視力方面的補(bǔ)足。故D項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】考查上下文串聯(lián)。A.positive積極的；B.friendly友好的；C.selfless無(wú)私的；D.devoted專(zhuān)心的；根據(jù)上文可知Lola積極面對(duì)生活，不希望自己被區(qū)別對(duì)待。故A項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析及上下文串聯(lián)。A.defending保護(hù)，辯護(hù)；B.quitting放棄；C.winning贏；D.bargaining討價(jià)還價(jià)；Lola從來(lái)都沒(méi)有考慮過(guò)放棄，根據(jù)上文可知她對(duì)待生活很積極，從來(lái)沒(méi)有想過(guò)放棄。故B項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；B.range范圍；C.view觀點(diǎn)；D.goal目標(biāo)；她目前的水平是7級(jí)，最高水平的10級(jí)，她的目標(biāo)是達(dá)到9級(jí)。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A.gothrough經(jīng)歷，檢查；B.passby經(jīng)過(guò)；C.handdown傳遞；D.giveout分發(fā)；發(fā)出；她說(shuō)她想成為一個(gè)體操教練把自己學(xué)會(huì)的東西教給其他孩子。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)handdown與coach一致。C項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.proud自豪的；B.tired疲憊的，厭倦的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.confident自信的；Lola對(duì)于自己的努力和成功非常自豪，她說(shuō)這幫助她戰(zhàn)勝了體操之外生活中遇見(jiàn)的其他事情。她給其他人的建議就是：相信自己。故A項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.plan計(jì)劃；B.advice建議；C.reward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；D.Responsibility責(zé)任；“justbelieveyourself”是她給別人的建議。句意：Lola對(duì)于自己的努力和成功非常自豪，她說(shuō)這幫助她戰(zhàn)勝了體操之外生活中遇見(jiàn)的其他事情。她給其他人的建議就是：相信自己。故B項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】本文是一篇記敘文完形填空，主要講述了生來(lái)眼睛就有問(wèn)題的Lola積極面對(duì)生活的故事。對(duì)于記敘文完形填空，我們可以從以下四方面著急分析：（1）理順事件的發(fā)生、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)局。記敘文多數(shù)是按事情的發(fā)展順序進(jìn)行敘述的，理清文章的發(fā)展順序才能把握文章的主脈。因此，先要理清人物間的關(guān)系及各自所作的事情，這樣做題時(shí)可以再一次從時(shí)間上把握故事的進(jìn)程。

（2）讀好短文首句，琢磨文章內(nèi)容。這是做記敘文完形填空最重要的一步。完形填空首句一般不設(shè)空，是完整的一句話，信息就從這里開(kāi)始，他暗示或告訴讀者下文將會(huì)說(shuō)什么。正確的利用首句信息對(duì)于把握答案的方向是極其重要和有效的。

（3）讀懂作者的態(tài)度。分析全文弄清作者是否一直用某種態(tài)度敘述某件事情，正確把握反映作者情感的關(guān)鍵詞。21.Eachofushasgoalsforlife.Someofthesemaybelong-term(長(zhǎng)期的)or

41

lifetimeones,andotherdreamsorwishesformoreimmediatesatisfaction.Justasyou

42

greatpleasurewhenyou’retryingto

43

short-termgoals,there’salsopowerinhavinglong-termandlifetimegoals.Both

44

arevaluableandserveeachother.Inordertobe

45

inachievingashort-orlong-termwishorgoal,youmustplaceyourfocusonthe

46

resultandtrainyourmindoneitheramoment-to-moment,day-to-day,month-to-month,oryear-to-yearlevel.Forexample,

47

afarmeristoplow(耕地)astraightline,hemustkeephiseyeonafarawaypoint.Ifhisattentionis

48

justafewfeetinfrontofhim,hewillnotplowstraight.So,inorderforhisfieldtobeplowedstraight,hemust

49

andfocusonhislong-termgoal.Focusingonalong-termgoalcan

50

theenergytogetthingsdoneinthe

51

.Forinstance,whenarunnersetsa(n)

52

torunamile,he’ll

53

betiredwhenhe

54

theone-milemark.

55

ifthissamerunnersetsagoaltoruntenmiles,heprobablywon’tevenbesweatingupon

56

thissameone-milemark.Ifthisverysamerunnerwastosetagoaltorun26milesandkeephismindonthecompletionofthislong

57

,notonlywouldn’thebesweating,butmostlikelyhewouldn’tevenbeoutofbreathasheranbythe

58

mark.Long-termgoals,

59

,can’tbeachievedwithoutfirstachieving

60

goals.Wemayhaveagoaltoclimbaladder(梯子),butwehavetotakeonestepatatimeinordertoreachthetop.41.A.even

B.just

C.also

D.rather42.A.understand B.experience C.explain

D.welcome43.A.set

B.keep

C.prevent

D.achieve44.A.terms

B.dreams

C.types

D.thoughts45.A.successful

B.special

C.interested

D.different46.A.important

B.certain

C.final

D.happy47.A.if

B.while

C.although

D.because48.A.received

B.attracted

C.directed

D.paid49.A.correct

B.forget

C.believe D.know50.A.choose

B.influence

C.report

D.provide51.A.dark

B.present

C.end

D.future52.A.date

B.story

C.goal

D.example53.A.probably

B.personally

C.partly

D.quietly54.A.remembers

B.reaches

C.discovers

D.records55.A.And

B.But

C.So

D.Or56.A.waitingfor

B.searchingfor C.preparing

D.passing57.A.race

B.game

C.drive

D.flight58.A.twenty-six-mile B.thirteen-mile

C.ten-mile

D.one-mile59.A.however

B.besides

C.instead

D.therefore60.A.lifetime

B.short-term

C.common

D.big參考答案：41-60.ABDCACACDDBCABBDADAB試題分析：每個(gè)人都要有目標(biāo)。本文主要講了長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)的重要性。41.A考查副詞。A.even甚至；B.just只是；C.also也；D.rather想當(dāng)。一些可能是長(zhǎng)期的目標(biāo)或者甚至是一生的目標(biāo)。故選A。42.B考查動(dòng)詞。A.understand理解；B.experience體會(huì)；C.explain解釋?zhuān)籇.welcome歡迎。就像你在盡力實(shí)現(xiàn)短期目標(biāo)的過(guò)程中會(huì)體會(huì)到很大的歡愉一樣，你在實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期和一生的目標(biāo)時(shí)也會(huì)感到力量。故選B。43.D考查動(dòng)詞。A.set設(shè)立；B.keep保持；C.prevent預(yù)防；D.achieve實(shí)現(xiàn)。achievegoals實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。故選D。44.C考查名詞。A.terms方面；B.dreams夢(mèng)想；C.types類(lèi)型；D.thoughts想法。兩種類(lèi)型（的目標(biāo)）都很珍貴而且互相補(bǔ)益。故選C。45.A考查形容詞。A.successful成功的；B.special特殊的；C.interested感興趣的；D.different不同的。為了成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)短期的或長(zhǎng)期的目標(biāo)，……besuccessfulindoingsth.成功地做某事。故選A。46.C考查形容詞。A.important重要的；B.certain確定的；C.final最后的；D.happy快樂(lè)的。你必須把重點(diǎn)放在最終的結(jié)果上。故答案選C。47．A考查連詞。A.if如果，假設(shè)；B.when當(dāng)……時(shí)；C.although盡管；D.because。例如，假設(shè)一個(gè)農(nóng)夫要在地上耕出直線，他必須保持他的眼睛在遠(yuǎn)處的一個(gè)點(diǎn)上。故選A。48.C考查動(dòng)詞。A.received接受；B.attracted吸引；C.directed指引；D.paid支付。如果他的注意力被引導(dǎo)在他面前的幾英尺的地方，他不會(huì)耕出一條直線。故選C。49.D考查動(dòng)詞。A.correct糾正；B.forget遺忘；C.believe相信；D.know了解。所以，為了在他的田中耕出直線，他必須了解并且關(guān)注于遠(yuǎn)期的目標(biāo)。故選D。50.D考查動(dòng)詞。A.choose選擇；B.influence影響；C.report報(bào)告；D.provide提供。關(guān)注于長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)可以提供給你當(dāng)下把事情做完的能量。故選D。51.B考查名詞。A.dark黑暗；B.present當(dāng)下；C.end結(jié)束；D.future未來(lái)。inthepresent在當(dāng)下。故選B。52.C考查名詞。A.date日期；B.story故事；C.goal目標(biāo)；D.example例子。例如，當(dāng)一個(gè)跑者設(shè)定了跑1英里的目標(biāo)，他可能會(huì)在到達(dá)一英里的標(biāo)記后感到很疲憊。故選C。53.A考查副詞。A.probably可能地；B.personally個(gè)人地；C.partly不分地；D.quietly靜悄悄地。當(dāng)他到達(dá)一英里目標(biāo)后，他很可能會(huì)感到疲憊。故選A。54.B考查動(dòng)詞。A.remembers記?。籅.reaches到達(dá)；C.discovers發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.records記錄。reachtheone-milemark到達(dá)一英里的標(biāo)志。故選B。55.B考查連詞。A.And并且；B.But但是；C.So所以；D.Or或者。根據(jù)空后的tenmiles推斷這里是轉(zhuǎn)折。但是如果這個(gè)跑者設(shè)定了跑10英里的目標(biāo)。故選B。56.D考查動(dòng)詞。A.waitingfor等待；B.searchingfor尋找；C.preparing準(zhǔn)備；D.passing通過(guò)。但是如果這個(gè)跑者設(shè)定了跑10英里的目標(biāo)，他可能在通過(guò)同樣的1英里的標(biāo)志是甚至不會(huì)出汗。故選D。57.A考查名詞。A.race賽跑；B.game游戲；C.drive驅(qū)車(chē)旅行；D.flight飛行。race除了“比賽”還專(zhuān)指“跑步”。如果這位同樣的跑者設(shè)定了跑26英里的目標(biāo)并且一直謹(jǐn)記完成這段跑步。故選A。58.D考查形容詞。根據(jù)前面的文章內(nèi)容可知作者一直在說(shuō)到達(dá)1英里的標(biāo)志時(shí)選手的狀態(tài)。這里也一樣，因此是one-mile。故答案選D。59.A考查副詞。A.however然而；B.besides除此之外；C.instead相反；D.therefore因此。然而不首先實(shí)現(xiàn)短期目標(biāo)的話，長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)是不能被實(shí)現(xiàn)的。故選A。60.B考察形容詞。A.lifetime一生的；B.short-time短期的；C.common普通的；D.big大的。實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)前肯定首先要實(shí)現(xiàn)短期目標(biāo)。故選B。語(yǔ)法填空：三、閱讀理解22.

Briana,astudentatJohnFenwickSchoolinSalemCounty,US,hasalotoffreetime.The13-year-oldgirlusedtohangoutonthestreetsafterschool.“Iknowitwasn’tgood,butIreallyhadnothingelsetodo,”Brianasaid.Brianawasnotalone.Manykidsinhercityhadtoomuchfreetimeandnothingtodo.Tosolvethisproblem,fourschooldistrictsinSalembeganaprogramcalledBigBrothers/BigSisters.Theprogramhelpsstudentsmakegooduseoftheirafter-schooltime.BigBrothers/BigSistersinvitesmentorstohelpstudentsingrades6to8buildhealthyrelationshipsandtakepartinproductiveactivities.The“Littles”andthe“Bigs”arenicknames(昵稱(chēng))forstudentsandmentors.Mostmentorsareteachers.The“Bigs”and“Littles”usuallymeetonceaweek.Theyplaygames,sharestoriesandgoontrips.TheprogramhasalreadyhelpedmanySalemstudents.Briana’smentoristheschoolprincipal(校長(zhǎng)),SyedaWoods.WoodstookBrianaice-skating,topizzapartiesandforavisittoLongwoodGardensinPennsylvania.“WhenIgotout,IsawthatSalemisaverysmallplace,”Brianasaid.“Theprogramhelpsmeexperiencetheoutsideworldandseemanynewthings.”KathyJennings,13,saidshewasveryshybefore,butnowismuchmoreopen.“Intheprogram,Iseemymentorasabigsister,notateacher.Icantellheranything,”Jenningssaid.“Andshehastaughtmealotaboutmakinggooddecisions.Ithinkitwillmakeabigdifferenceinmylife.”60.TheprogramofBigBrothers/BigSistersisdesignedfor

.A.studentsaged16to18

B.studentsaged8to16C.studentsinseniorhighschool

D.studentsingrades6to861.Theunderlineword“mentors”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans“

”.A.wiseandtrustedteachers

B.experiencedpoliceC.communityvolunteers

D.carefulparents62.Thepurposeoftheprogramistohelpstudents

.

A.liveafulllifeafterschool

B.learntipsonshoppingC.havemorefreetime

D.knowmoreaboutthestreets63.ThewriterusestheexamplesofBrianaandKathytoshow

.A.Syedaisanamazingprinciple

B.thesuccessoftheprogramC.thecolourfullifeinSalem

D.Brianawasonceveryshy參考答案：DAAB23.

Successfulpeopleininternationalbusinessunderstandtheculturesofothercountriesandlearntochangetheirpracticesindifferentcultures.Theyunderstandtheimportanceofavoidingbusinessdecisionsbasedonmisconceptions---mistakenideas.

Onecauseofmisconceptionsisethnocentrism,thebeliefthatone’sownculture’swayofdoingthingsisbetterthanthewayofothercultures.It’sethnocentrismthatleadstofailureininternationalbusiness.Toavoidethnocentrism,it’snecessarytostudythedifferentelements(組成部分)ofculture:language,valuesandattitudes,andcustomsandmanners.Language

Aknowledgeofthelocallanguagecanhelpinternationalbusinesspeopleinfourways.First,peoplecancommunicatesdirectly.Second,peopleareusuallymoreopenintheircommunicationwithsomeonewhospeakstheirlanguage.Third,anunderstandingofthelanguageallowspeopletoinfermeaningsthatarenotsaiddirectly.Finally,knowingthelanguagehelpspeopletounderstandtheculturebetter.____________

Valuesarepeople’sbasicbeliefsaboutthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong,goodandbad.Anattitudeisawayofthinkingoracting.Valuesandattitudesinfluenceinternationalbusiness.Forexample,manypeopleintheUnitedStatesbelievethatchocolatefromSwitzerlandisbetter