職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試真題模擬+答案綜合A

職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試真題+答案綜合A資料僅供參考綜合A第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1~15題，每題1分，共15分）下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)畫(huà)有底橫線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與畫(huà)線部分意義最相近的詞或短語(yǔ)。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDacceptedHetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.AheavyBstrongCkindDwildItisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpectingOurstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducingAwasteBbuyCuseDsellThefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolumeOurlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDcloselyHerfaithupheldherintimesofsadnessAsupportedBexcitedCinspiredDdirectedThebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry’shistory.AcleanBperfectCrealDbriefItislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.AsuggestedBwarnedCstatedDconfirmedThecouncilmeetingterminatedat2o’clockAbeganBcontinuedCendedDresumedAredflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.AsignBsubstituteCproofDtargetHoweverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.AreluctantBeagerCpleasedDangryIthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.AlimitBcontrolCreplaceDoffsetThesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.AdenyBinvestigateCstressDcreateThesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.AgraduallyBsuddenlyCexcessivelyDexceptionally第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16~22題，每題1分，共7分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A涂黑；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；如果該句的信息文章中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑PrinciplesofGoverningPersuasionIfleadershipconsistsofgettingthingdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’sessentialtools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgrasp,availableonlytothecharismatic(有魅力的)andtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecades,though,experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliablyleadpeopletoconcede,comply,orchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilartothemthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,askpeerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethem,aswell.Soit’sworththetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.Third,experimentsconfirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It’ssoundpolicytodoafavorbeforeseekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyandclearly.Themessageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydodeferto(服從)experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit’sself-evident.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommoditywhenit’sscarce;itfollows,then,thatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.Experimentshaveconfirmedtheassumptionofmanyexecutives.ArightBWrongCNotmentionedPeoplearemorelikelytocooperatewiththosewholikethem.ArightBWrongCNotmentionedManagersdonotemploythosewhoarequitedifferentfromthem.ArightBWrongCNotmentionedThereisnoneedforamanagertofindoutthemeritsofhisemployees.ArightBWrongCNotmentionedExperimentshaveshownthat,contrarytoourexpectation,peopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.ArightBWrongCNotmentionedThereareasmanywisemanagersastherearestupidones.ArightBWrongCNotmentionedExclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyknowndata.ArightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23~ 30題，每題1分，共8分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2,3,5和6段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第27~30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。KeepingCutFlowers1Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishouse,fewpeopleknowhowtokeepthemforaslongaspossible.Thismaybedonebykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts.2Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyaresensitivetotemperature.Forexample,studieshaveshownthatcutcarnations(康乃馨)retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkeptat12oCthanwhenkeptat260c.Keepingfreshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportantaspectofflowercare.3Flowersarenotintendedbynaturetoliveverylong.Theirbiologicalpurposeissimplytoattractbirdsorinsects,suchasbees,forpollination(授粉).Afterthat,theyquicklydryupanddie.Theprocessbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide(二氧化碳),calledrespiration(呼吸),generatestheenergytheflowerneedstogivethefloweritsshapeandcolour.Themakingofseedsalsodependsonthisenergy.Whilealllivingthingsrespire,flowershaveahighlevelofrespiration.Aresultofallthisrespirationisheat,andforflowersthelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh.Respirationalsobringsabouttheeventualdeathoftheflower.Thusthegreaterthelevelofrespiration,thesoonertheflowerdies.4How,then,tocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie?Bycontrollingrespiration.Howisrespirationcontrolled?Bycontrollingtemperature.Weknowthatrespirationproducesheat,butthereverseisalsotrue.Thusbymaintaininglowtemperatures,respirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemoreslowly.5Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterinwhichtheyareplaced.Flowersfinditdifficultto“drink”waterthatisdirtyorotherwisepolluted.Evenwhenwaterlooksandsmellsclean,italmostcertainlycontainsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendangertheflowers.Toridthewateroftheseunwantedsubstances,householdchlorinebleach(含氯漂白劑)canbeusedinsmallquantities.Itisrecommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleach(at4%solution)beaddedtoeachlitreofwater.Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday.AControlofRespirationBBeautyofFreshCutFlowersCRoleofRespirationDMostImportantAspectofFlowerCareENeedforCleanWaterFWaysofStoppingRespirationAControlofRespirationBBeautyofFreshCutFlowersCRoleofRespirationDMostImportantAspectofFlowerCareENeedforCleanWaterFWaysofStoppingRespirationParagraph3__________________Paragraph4__________________Paragraph5__________________Afewsimplefactswillhelpyoukeepcutflowers_______________Respirationplaysakeyrole________________Theagingofcutflowerscanbesloweddown_________________Anotherimportantwaytoprolongthelifeofcutflowersis____________________AbykeepingitsoriginalshapeandcolourAbykeepingitsoriginalshapeandcolourBinthelifeofthecutflowerCtoproducecarbondioxideDforaslongaspossibleEbycontrollingtemperatureFtoreplacethewaterandsolutioneveryday第4部分：閱讀理解（第31~45題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。第一篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares(公頃)ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts(妨礙生長(zhǎng))plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves(紅樹(shù)林)thatcreateswamps（沼澤）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep(滲透)in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated(蒸發(fā))bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittleslatandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.

Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.

31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?

ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.

BTheyarericebreeders.

CTheyarehusbandandwife.

DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.

32FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme

Atofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.

Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.

Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.

Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.

33WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?

ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.

Bthewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.

CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind

34Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby

A“influence”

B“effect”

C“stop”

D“present”

35Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis

Apositive

Bnegative.

Csuspicious

Dindifferent.Ford’sAssemblyLineWhenitcomestosinglingoutthosewhohavemadeadifferenceinallourlives,youcannotoverlookHenryFord.AhistorianacenturyfromnowmightwellconcludethatitwasFordwhomostinfluencedallmanufacturing,everywhere,eventothisday,byintroducinganewwaytomakecars-one,strangetosay,thatoriginatedinslaughterhouses（屠宰場(chǎng)）.

Backintheearly1900’s,slaughterhousesusedwhatcouldhavebeencalleda“disassemblyline”.Fordreversedthisprocesstoseeifitwouldspeedupproductionofapartofanautomobileenginecalledamagneto.Ratherthanhaveeachworkercompletelyassembleamagneto,oneofitselementswasplacedonaconveyer,andeachworker,asitpassed,addedanothercomponenttoit,thesameoneeachtime.ProfessorDavidHounshelloftheUniversityofDelaware,anexpertonindustrialdevelopment,tellswhathappened.

“Thepreviousday,workerscarryingouttheentireprocesshadaveragedoneassemblyevery20minutes.Butonthatday,ontheline,theassembleteamaveragedoneevery13minutesand10secondsperperson.”

Withinayear,thetimehadbeenreducedtofiveminutes.In1913,Fordwentalltheway.Hookedtogetherbyropes,partiallyassembledvehiclesweretowed(拖，拉)pastworkerswhocompletedthemonepieceatatime.Ithasn’tlongbeforeFordwasturningoutseveralhundredthousandcarsayear,aremarkableachievementthen.Andsoefficientandeconomicalwasthisnewsystemthathecutthepriceofhiscarsinhalf,to$260,puttingthemwithinreachofallthosewho,upuntilthattime,couldnotaffordthem.Soon,automakerstheworldovercopiedhim.Infact,heencouragedthemtodosobywritingabookaboutallofhisinnovations,entitledTodayandTomorrow.TheAgeoftheAutomobilehasarrived.Today,aidedbyrobotsandotherformsofautomation(自動(dòng)化),everythingfromtoasterstoperfumesismadeonassemblylines.36WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHenryFordisNOTtrue?AHeintroducedanewwayofproduction.BHeinfluencedallmanufacturing.CHeinspiredotherautomakers.DHechangedahistorian’smind.Thewritermentions”slaughterhouses”becausetheyweretheplaceswhereAFord’sassemblylineoriginatedBFordmadehisfirstcar.CFordreadjustedtheassemblyline.DFordinnovatedthedisassemblyline.AmagnetoisatechnicaltermforAanautomobile.BaproductionlineCapartofanautomobileengine.Dadisassemblylinethephrase”turningout”inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedbyA“producing”B“selling”C“buying”D“fixing”TheinventionoftheassemblylineenabledHenryFordAtocreatemorejobsfortheunemployedBtowriteabookonhistoryCtoreducethepriceofhiscarsto$260Dtocuttheproductionofhiscarsby50%PlayPlayistheprincipalbusinessofchildhood,andinrecentyearsresearchhasshownthegreatimportanceofplayinthedevelopmentofahumanbeing.Fromearliestinfancy,everychildneedsopportunityandtherightmaterialsforplay,andthemaintoolsofplayaretoys.Theirmainfunctionistosuggest,encourageandassistplay.Tosucceedinthistheymustbegoodtoys,whichchildrenwillplaywithoften,andwillcomebacktoagainandagain.Thereforeitisimportanttochoosesuitabletoysfordifferentstagesofachild’sdevelopment.Inrecentyearsresearchoninfantdevelopmenthasshownthatthestandardachildislikelytoreach,withintherangeofhisinheritedabilities,islargelydeterminedinthefirstthreeyearsofhislife.Soababy’sabilitytoprofitfromtherightplaymaterialsshouldnotbeunderestimated.Ababywhoisencouragedandstimulated,talkedtoandshownthingsandplayedwith,hasthebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully.Inthenextstage,fromthreetofiveyearsold,curiosityknowsnobounds.Everytypeofsuitabletoyshouldbemadeavailabletothechild,fortryingout,experimentingandlearning,fordiscoveringhisownparticularability.Bricksandjigsaws（七巧板）andconstructiontoys;painting,scribbling(涂鴉)andmakingthings;sandandwaterplay;toysforimaginativeandpretendingplay;thefirstsocialgamesforlearningtoplayandgetonwithothers.Btthethirdstageofplaydevelopment-fromfivetosevenoreightyears-thechildisatschool.Butforafewmoreyearsplayisstillthebestwayoflearning,athomeoratschool.Itiseasiertoseewhichtypeoftoysthechillsmostenjoys.Untiltheageofsevenoreight,playandworkmeanmuchthesametoachild.Butoncereadinghasbeenmastered,thenbooksandschoolbecomethemainsourceoflearning.Toysarestillinterestingandvaluable,theyleadontonewhobbies,buttheirsignificancehaschanged-toachildofniceortenyears,toysandgamesmean,astoadults,relaxationandfun.ThepassagetellsusthatasachildgrowsupAheshouldbeallowedtochoosehisowntoys.Bheshouldbegivenidenticaltoys.Cheshouldbegivendifferenttoys.Dheshouldbegivenfewerandfewertoys.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitiesachildhasinheritedfromhisparentsAdeterminehischaracterBwillnotchangeaftertheageofthree.Cpartlydeterminethestandardheislikelytoreach.Dtoalargeextentdeterminethechoiceoftoys.Whohavethebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully?AThosewhotendtoovereatBThosewhoaregivenalotoftoys.CThosewhoaregiventoys,talkedtoandplayedwith.DThosewhocansharetheirtoyswiththeirplaymates.WelearnfromthepassagethatachildhasboundlesscuriosityAwhenheistwoBwhenheisaroundfour.Cwhenheissix.Dwhenheiseight.ThepassageismainlyaboutAtheimportanceofpre-schooleducationBtheimportanceofschooling.Ctheroleofplayinachild’sdevelopmentDthechoiceoftoysforadolescents.5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46~50題，每題2分，共10分）閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原來(lái)位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。ScienceandTechnologyThereisadifferencebetweenscienceandtechnology._________(46).Sciencehastodowithdiscoveringthefactsandrelationshipsbetweenobservablephenomenainnatureandwithestablishingtheoriesthatservetoorganizethesefactsandrelationships;technologyhastodowithtools,techniques,andproceduresforapplyingthefindingsofscience.________(47)Progressinscienceexcludesthehumanfactor.Scientists,whoseektounderstandtheuniverseandknowthetruthwithinthehighestdegreeofaccuracyandcertainty,cannotpayattentiontotheirownorotherpeople’slikesordislikesortopopularideasaboutthefitnessofthings._________(48).Butevenanunpleasanttruthismorethanlikelytobeuseful;besideswehavethechoiceofrefusingtobelieveit!Buthardlysowithtechnology;wedonothavethechoiceofrefusingtohearthesoundproducedbyasupersonic(超音速的)aircraftflyingoverhead;wecannotrefusetobreathepollutedair._________(49)Thepurposeoftechnologyistoservepeople-peopleingeneral,notmerelysomepeople;andfuturegenerations,notmerelythosewhopresentlywishtogainadvantageforthemselves.__________(50)Manypeopleblametechnologyitselfforwidespreadpollution,resourcedepletion(枯竭)andevensocialdecayingeneral-somuchsothatthepromiseoftechnologyis“obscured“.Thatpromiseisacleanerandhealthierworld.Ifwiseapplicationsofscienceandtechnologydonotleadtoabetterworld,whatelsewill?AAnotherdistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnologyhastodowiththeprogressineach.BUnlikescience,progressintechnologymustbemeasuredintermsofthehumanfactor.CWhatscientistsdiscovermayshockorangerpeople---asdidDarwin’stheoryofevolution.DScienceandtechnologyaredifferent.EWeareallfamiliarwiththeimproperuseoftechnology.FScienceisamethodofansweringtheoreticalquestions;technologyisamethodofsolvingpracticalproblems.第6部分：完形填空（第51~65題，每題1分，共15分）閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng)同，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上CostasaFactorinSupplyInapurelycompetitivemarket,thesupplierofgoodsandserviceshasnocontroloverthemarketprice,becauseheproducestoolittletoinfluencemarketconditions.Withnodifferencebetweenhisproductsandtheproducts________(51)hiscompetitors,hewillsellnothingifhechargesabovethemarketpriceandhewillsellallifhechargesator__________(52)themarketprice.However,inconsideringtheprice,hemusttakethe____________(53)ofproductionintoconsideration.Therearetimeswhenhemaybewillingtosellbelowhiscost.Thismighthappenwhenpricestumblefor__________(54)hebelieveswillbeashorttime.However,nobusinesspersoncan__________(55)tolosemoneyforaprolongedperiod.Hemustbeconstantly__________(56)ofhiscostsinrelationtothemarketpriceifheistocompetessuccessfullyandearnaprofit.Manypeoplehavetheimpressionthatasproductionincreases,costsperunitdecrease._________(57)massproductionhasmadethistrueincertainindustriesandat