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中芬義務(wù)教育質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)體系對(duì)比研究
Introduction
Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,educationhasbecomeincreasinglyimportantforindividualsandnationsasawhole.Educationsystemsindifferentcountriesvary,witheachcountryimplementingpoliciesandprogramsthataredeemednecessarytoimprovethequalityoftheireducationsystems.Inthispaper,wewillcomparethecompulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystemsbetweenChinaandFinland.Thepaperwillhighlightthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwocountries'systems,theeffectivenessofthesystems,andrecommendationsforimprovement.
Background
Chinahasalargepopulation,anditseducationsystemisoneofthelargestintheworld.Inrecentyears,educationreformhasbecomeapriorityfortheChinesegovernmentasitaimstoimprovethequalityofeducationwhileadoptingamorestudent-centeredapproach.ThecompulsoryeducationsysteminChinaconsistsofprimaryeducation,whichlastsforsixyears,andlowersecondaryeducation,whichcontinuesforanotherthreeyears.TheChinesegovernmenthasimplementedcompulsoryeducationforallchildrenagedbetween6and15years.
Finlandhasamuchsmallerpopulation,anditseducationsystemisconsideredoneofthebestintheworld.Finnisheducationemphasizesinclusivity,equity,andlifelonglearning.Thecountryhasacomprehensive,compulsoryeducationsystemthatcaterstotheneedsofallstudents,irrespectiveofsocialandeconomicbackgrounds.TheFinnisheducationsystemcomprisesofanine-yearbasiceducationprogramthatincludesprimaryandlowersecondaryeducation.
SimilaritiesbetweenChinaandFinland'scompulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystems
BothChinaandFinland'scompulsoryeducationsystemsfocusonensuringequityineducation,promotinginclusivelearning,andempoweringlearners.Bothcountrieshaveestablishedqualityevaluationsystemsthatassesstheeffectivenessoftheireducationsystems.Theevaluationsystemsareaimedatidentifyingareasthatrequireimprovement,enhancingthequalityofteaching,andensuringthatstudentsareequippedwiththenecessaryskillsandcompetenciesrequiredforthemodernjobmarket.
Inbothcountries,theeducationministryisresponsiblefordevelopingpoliciesandprogramsaimedatimprovingthequalityofeducation.Thepoliciesandprogramsareaimedatpromotingstudent-centeredapproachestolearning,promotingexcellenceinteaching,andprovidingprofessionaldevelopmentopportunitiesforteachers.
Furthermore,inbothcountries,assessmentisanessentialcomponentoftheeducationsystem.Bothcountries'compulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystemsrelyonassessmenttoevaluatetheeffectivenessofteachingandlearning.Inbothcountries,assessmentsareconductedatdifferentlevels,includingnational-levelassessmentsthatareusedtoevaluatetheoveralleffectivenessoftheeducationsystem.
DifferencesbetweenChinaandFinland'scompulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystems
Despitethesimilaritiesintheircompulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystems,therearesignificantdifferencesbetweenChinaandFinland'sapproachestoqualityassessment.InChina,thequalityevaluationsystemishighlycentralized,withtheeducationministryresponsiblefordesigningandimplementingqualityevaluationpoliciesandprograms.Whilequalityevaluationsareconductedatdifferentlevels,includingschools,regions,andnationallevels,theeducationministryplaysacentralroleinensuringthattheevaluationsadheretonationalstandards.
Incontrast,Finland'scompulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystemishighlydecentralized,withschoolsandlocalauthoritiesplayinganactiveroleintheevaluationprocess.Theeducationministryplaysalessdirectroleinevaluatingthequalityofeducation,insteadfocusingondevelopingpoliciesandprogramsaimedatimprovingthequalityofteachingandlearning.
AnothersignificantdifferencebetweenChinaandFinland'scompulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystemsisthefocusofevaluation.InChina,thequalityevaluationsystemfocusesmoreonacademicachievementandrotelearning.Thefocusisonevaluatingthestudents'abilitytomemorizeandreproduceinformation.ThisisincontrasttoFinland'squalityevaluationsystem,whichfocusesonthedevelopmentofstudents'socialandemotionalskills,criticalthinking,andproblem-solvingabilities.TheFinnisheducationsystemplacesasignificantemphasisonstudents'holisticdevelopment,andthequalityevaluationsystemreflectsthis.
Effectivenessofthecompulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystems
TheeffectivenessofChinaandFinland'scompulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystemsdependsonseveralfactors,includingthegoalsofthesystem,itsalignmentwiththeeducationsystem,andthedegreeoflocalautonomyinthesystem.
InChina,thecompulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystemhasbeeneffectiveinpromotingimprovementsintheoverallqualityofeducation.Thesystemhashelpedtoidentifyweaknessesintheeducationsystem,leadingtothedevelopmentofpoliciesandprogramsaimedataddressingtheseweaknesses.However,criticismoftheChineseeducationsystem,particularlytheemphasisonrotelearning,persists.
TheeffectivenessofFinland'scompulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystemiswidelyrecognized.TheNordiccountryhasconsistentlyrankedamongthetop-performingeducationsystemsglobally,withthequalityevaluationsystemplayingasignificantroleinpromotinginclusiveandequitableeducation.ThesystemisalignedwiththeFinnisheducationsystem'sgoalsandvalues,whichemphasizetheimportanceoflearners'holisticdevelopment.
Recommendationsforimprovement
ToimprovetheeffectivenessofthecompulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystemsinChinaandFinland,thefollowingrecommendationsaresuggested:
InChina,thequalityevaluationsystemshouldincorporateamoreholisticapproachtoassessment,focusingonstudents'criticalthinking,problem-solving,andsocialandemotionalskills.
TheFinnisheducationsystemcouldbenefitfromamorestandardizednationalevaluationsystemtoensurethatthequalityofeducationisconsistentlyhighacrossthecountry.
Thereshouldbeincreasedcollabora
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