名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí)

NounClause名詞性從句TheboyisliMing.Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主語主語表語同位語賓語1.名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句主語從句(TheSubjectClause)賓語從句(TheObjectClause)表語從句(ThePredicativeClause)同位語從句(TheAppositiveClause)

從句一律保持陳述語序。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞:1.連接詞有：thatwhether和lf2.連接代詞有：whowhomwhosewhichwhat

等3.連接副詞有：whenwherewhyhow等另外whateverwhoeverwhichever等也可以引導(dǎo)主語和賓語兩種從句。名詞性從句中的“that”沒有詞義，也不作任何成分。主語從句(TheSubjectClause)在復(fù)合句中起主語的作用。他星期三來這里是肯定的。_______________________________________iscertain.

HewillcomehereonWednesdayThat注意：從句作主語時(shí)，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上從屬連詞that(不做成分也無意義)他星期三是否來這里還不肯定的。____________________________________isnotcertain.WhetherhewillcomehereonWednesday注意：主語從句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”(不做成分但有意義“是否”

)h

主語從句做主語時(shí),謂語動詞通常用單數(shù).但what引導(dǎo)的從句做主語時(shí),如果表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).1.Whathesaid_____muchforustothinkabout.A.leaveB.leaves2.ThatIshallworkwithyou__agreatpleasure.A.areB.is3.Whatheleftme______someoldbooks.A.areB.is____________________________________________________________________________________★★★主語從句有時(shí)用“it”作形式主語，把真正的主語放在后面，以避免頭重腳輕。Thathewillcomehere

is

known

tous.It

is

knowntousthathewillcomehere.用it做形式主語的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配：It+be+形容詞＋that從句Itisnecessarythat…有必要…Itisimportantthat….重要的是…Itisobviousthat……很明顯……It+be+-ed分詞＋that從句Itisbelievedthat…人們相信…Itisknowntous/allthat….眾所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已經(jīng)決定……It+be+名詞＋that從句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常識Itisasurprisethat….令人驚奇的是…Itisafactthat……事實(shí)是……It+不及物動詞＋that從句Itappears/seemsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

AThat

BWhyCWhatDHow2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.AWhich;belongtoBAs,belongedtoCWhat;belongingtoDIt;belongingto★★★4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.ThatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave★★★賓語從句(TheObjectClause)在復(fù)合句中起賓語的作用,用在及物動詞/介詞之后.Idon’tknow______________________

我不知道你會來這里。注意：that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分也無意義，在口語或非正式的文體中常常被省去。youwillcomehere.（that）Myunclesaid(that)Peterwouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisson.

有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí),引導(dǎo)第二和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可以省略.注意：在賓語從句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.從句是否定句時(shí)一般用if。但下列情況只能用whether:1.與ornot連用;2.作介詞和discuss的賓語;3.后接動詞不定式時(shí);4.用if引導(dǎo)會引起歧義.Pleasetellmeifyoulikeit.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay.1.請告訴我你是否喜歡它.(賓語從句,用whether好).2.如果你喜歡它就告訴我.(狀語從句).我不知道他來不來。我想知道他來還是不來。你們是在談?wù)撍欠褚獊韱?？他不在乎天氣是否好。Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcome.Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.Areyoutalkingaboutwhetherhewillcome?Hedoesn’tcareifitisn’tafineday.賓語從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移注意：如果賓語從句是由think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect等詞引導(dǎo)且主句主語是第一人稱，要將從句中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。反意問句由賓語從句決定。Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()我認(rèn)為他不會來這里我認(rèn)為他不會來這里,是嗎？Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere,__________?willheHedoesn’tthinkhecangoabroad,_______?doeshe注意：主句主語不是第一人稱時(shí)上述原則不適用。賓語從句中用it作形式賓語注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，一般用it來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后面。這種情況that不可以省略.1)Wethinkthatweshouldhelpothersourduty.Wethinkit

ourduty

thatweshouldhelpothers.2)Ifindthatheshouldfinishthework

intwodays

impossible.Ifindit

impossible

thatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.1.主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動詞可以用所需要的任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。2.當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動詞要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，但當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的內(nèi)容為客觀真理時(shí)，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)

travels注意：1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey____________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)練習(xí)：willbe

goeswereplayinghavereturnedhadbeen表語從句(ThePredicativeClause)在復(fù)合句中起表語的作用。一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。另外,常用的還有thereasonwhy…isthat…和Itisbecause…等結(jié)構(gòu)。（1）我們的目的是他能認(rèn)識到錯(cuò)誤。Ourpurposeis________________________.hecanrealizehisfaults.that注意：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞一般不省略。（2）問題是它是否值得做。Thequestionis_______________________whether

itisworthdoing.表語從句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”.1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when

★★★★練習(xí)：同位語從句(TheAppositiveClause)在復(fù)合句中起同位語的作用。同位語從句一般放在如idea,news,fact,promise,suggestion,belief,truth等含有豐富內(nèi)涵的詞語后面，用來說明前面那個(gè)詞的具體內(nèi)容。他給了她一個(gè)承諾，他會在兩個(gè)月后回來。Hegaveherapromise______________________________________.hewouldcomebackintwomonthsthat一般說來，同位語從句都用that來作連接詞，而且不能省略。也可用how,when,where等。1.Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.3.ImetaproblemhowIcouldgetmydestination.4.Ihavenoideawhetherit’llraintomorrow.同位語從句中表示“是否”只能用whether.辨析：1.同位語從句與定語從句(1)Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.

Thenewsthatyoutoldusis

reallyencouraging.從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、限定前面的名詞。

（定語從句）（同位語從句）(2)Thesuggestion

thatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical

isworthconsidering.Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.（同位語從句）（定語從句）引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分且無意義；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。

同位語從句——that不能省定語從句——that在從句中作賓語時(shí)，可以省(3)Ihaveheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.Ihaveheardthenews(that)hetoldyoutheotherday.說出下列從句屬于哪種從句：A:Appositive（同位語）;B:Attributive（定語）Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownon

theway.BBB2.名詞性從句中that與what的區(qū)別：1.___hewillcometothediscussioniscertain.2.___Ilikebestisabook.3.___Ilikethebookbestisknowntoeveryone.4.___shelookedaftertheoldpatientawholeyearmovesusall.5.___puzzledthepolicespeciallywashowthemurderdied.6.___surprisedmemostwas____shelookedaftertheoldpatientawholeyear.ThatThatThatthatWhat

WhatWhat

在名詞性從句中that不充當(dāng)成分只起連接作用，而what則在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。3.疑問詞＋ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句相當(dāng)anyonewho,anythingthat等，在從句中要充當(dāng)一定的成分。疑問詞＋ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于nomatter＋疑問詞。Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.

＝Anybodywhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.Parentsshouldn'tbuywhatevertheirchildrenwant.＝Parentsshouldn'tbuyanythingthattheirchildrenwant.Whereveryouare,youmustbehaveyourself.＝Nomatterwhereyouare,youmustbehaveyourself.4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：（1）賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

在表示建議、要求、命令等動詞后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞用動詞原形或“should+動詞原形”。常見的這類動詞有ask,advise,argue,arrange,determine,decide,command,insist,intend,move,prefer,propose,order,recommend,request,require,suggest(建議)，urge,demand,desire,direct等。e.g.Theyurgedthatthelibrary_____________openduringthevacation.(keep)

Hedemandedthathe______________therighttoexpresshisoption.(give)

(should)bekept(should)begiven（2）主語從句中的虛擬語氣主語從句中的虛擬語氣形式為“Itis+引起虛擬的形容詞或過去分詞+that主語從句（謂語動詞用原形或should+動詞原形）”。常用的這類形容詞有advisable,appropriate,crucial,desirable,essential,important,natural,necessary,preferable,strange,urgent,vital等，常用的過去分詞有desired,demanded,ordered,requested,suggested,advised,recommended,required等。

e.g.Itisdesiredthatwe_____________ourlessonbeforeclass.(preview)(should)previewItisessentialthattheprogram___________loadedintocomputer.(be)(should)be(3)表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在表示建議、命令、主張、要求、愿望等名后面的表語從句和同位語從句中謂語動詞要求用虛擬語氣，其形式為“（should）+動詞原形”。常見的這類詞有resolution,pray,decision,motion,suggestion,preference,proposal,advice,recommendation,desire,demand,requirement,order,necessity,request,idea等。

e.g.Themanagergaveordersthatthenewemployees________________specialnightclass.(attend)Thedean’srequirementisthatallgraduatestudentsineducation____________CET-6.(pass)(should)attend(should)passPracticeone1.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/that

3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis__heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason★★★4___hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward__moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhat

6.___isnopossibility___Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,which★★★7–IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere8Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s___.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited

★★9.__fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly__hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesug