2023年考研考博考博英語河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫(kù)帶答案

2023年考研考博考博英語河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫(kù)帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Thestudyofgeneticshasgivenrisetoaprofitablenewindustrycalledbiotechnology.Asthenamesuggests,itblendsbiologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesageneticengineering.Someofthenewbiotechcompanies,astheyarecalled,specializeinagricultureandareworkingenthusiasticallytopatentseedsthatgiveahighyield,thatresistdisease,drought,andfrost,andthatreducetheneedforhazardouschemicals.Ifsuchgoalscouldbeachieved,itwouldbemostbeneficial.Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops.“Innature,geneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertainlimits,”saysthebookGeneticEngineering,Food,andOurEnvironment.“Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrose,butarosewillnevercrosswithapotato…”Geneticengineering,ontheotherhand,usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanotherinanattempttotransferadesiredpropertyorcharacter.Thiscouldmean,forexample,selectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithantifreezepropertiesfromanarcticfish,andjoiningitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.Itisnowpossibleforplantstobeengineeredwithgenestakenfrombacteria,viruses,insects,animalsorevenhumans.Inessence,then,biotechnologyallowshumanstobreakthegeneticwallsthatseparatespecies.Likethegreenrevolution,whatsomecallthegenerevolutioncontributestotheproblemofgeneticuniformity—somesayevenmoresobecausegeneticistscanemploytechniquessuchascloningandtissueculture,processesthatproduceperfectlyidenticalcopies,orclones.Concernsabouttheerosionofbiodiversity,therefore,remain.Geneticallyalteredplants,however,raisenewissues,suchastheeffectsthattheymayhaveonusandtheenvironment.“Weareflyingblindlyintoaneweraofagriculturalbiotechnologywithhighhopes,fewconstrains,andlittleideaofthepotentialoutcomes,”saidsciencewriterJeremyRifkin.1.Accordingtotheauthor,biotechcompaniesare________.2.Nowbiotechproductsaremade________.3.Innature,geneticdiversityiscreated________.4.Biotechnologyhasmadeitpossible________.5.Accordingtotheauthor,withthedevelopmentofbiotechnology________.問題1選項(xiàng)A.mostlyspecializedinagricultureB.likelytohavebigreturnsintheirbusinessC.mainlyconcernedaboutthegeneticallyengineeredcropsD.thoseproducingseedsofbetterproperties問題2選項(xiàng)A.saferthanthosewithouttheuseofbiotechnologyB.withouttheinterferenceofhumansC.byviolatinglawsofnaturalgeneticsD.withinthelimitsofnaturalgenetics問題3選項(xiàng)A.withinthespeciesitselfB.bymixingdifferentspeciesC.throughnaturalselectionD.throughsectionorcontest問題4選項(xiàng)A.forustosolvethefoodshortageproblemintheworldB.forhumanstoassumethecold-resistantpropertyC.forplantstobeproducedwithgenesofhumansD.togrowcropswiththetasteoffarmanimals問題5選項(xiàng)A.humanswillpayforitssideeffectB.thespeciesofcreatureswillbereducedC.wewillsufferfromfewerandfewerdiseasesD.ourlivingenvironmentwillbebetterthanitisnow2.單選題Thequestion______tomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased.問題1選項(xiàng)A.tobedebatedB.todebateC.debatedD.thatitwillbedebated3.單選題Eatingtoomuchfatcan______heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.問題1選項(xiàng)A.contributetoB.attributetoC.attendtoD.devoteto4.單選題Didyouknowthatyoucouldbestingonafortunewithoutevenrealizingit?Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youhavenoideathatyouprobablyhaveitemsofvalueputawaythatcouldputdollarsinyourpocket.That’sexactlywhyTonyHyman,Ed.D.,oneofAmerican’stoptenauthoritiesoncollectibles(收藏品)andthehostofthe#1radioantiquesandcollectiblescall-inQ&Ashow,wrotehisbookTrashorTreasure.“Thisbookhasonlyonepurpose:tomakemoneyforitsreaders,”saysHyman,whohasauthored11otherbooksonsellingcollectibles,andhasappearedoneverymajorTVtalkshow.“TrashorTreasurecanmakeyourich,”saysAnitaGold,oneofthecountry’sforemostcolumnistsoncollectibles.“It’sbetterthanbuyingalotteryticket—youcan’tlosewiththisbook.”ElsieGordon,fromFlorida,made$250bygoingthroughthetrashafterherhusbandhadcleanedoutthegarage.Sheoriginallythoughtthattheoldcarpartsandoilymanualsshe’drescuedmightbeworth$10.There’sonlyonewaytoknowyouifwhatyouhaveistrashortreasure.Youhavetoaskaqualifiedexpert.That’swhyDr.Hyman’sbookisinvaluable:Itleadsyoustraightto1,200specialtybuyerswhoareactivelylookingforyourdust-gatherers.TrashorTreasure,whichhassoldnearly250,000copies,istheonlybookofitskind.Foritnotonlytellsyouwhatyouhavethatcouldbeofvalue,ittellsyouwhotosellitto,wherethey’relocated,andhowtohandlethetransaction.AllyouhavetodoisfilloutSell-A-Gramincludedwiththebook.TrashorTreasuregivesyoualltheinformationyouneedtotradeinyourtrashforcash.Let’sfaceit.Youcan’taffordtopassupthatopportunity.1.Whatdoes“authored”(Par.2,lastsentence)mean?2.FromwhatAntaGoldsaidwecaninferthat________.3.Whatdoes“dust-gatherers”(Par.5,lastsentence)mean?4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthebook?5.Thistextislikelytobe________.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Beenanauthorityon.B.Authorized.C.Givenuptherightto.D.Written.問題2選項(xiàng)A.youmaylosealotteryticketbutyouwon’tlosethisbookB.youmayspendmoneyandgetnothingbackwhenyoubuyalotterytickerbutyoucanalwaysgetsomethingbackwhenyoubuythisbookC.youmaybelateforgettingmoneyfromalotteryticketbutyoucan’twhenyoubuythisbookD.youmaynotdoaswellasotherswhenyoubuyalotteryticketbutyouwillbeasgoodasanybodyelsewhenyoubuythisbook問題3選項(xiàng)A.Thingsonwhichdustgathers.B.Peoplehiredtohelpclearawaythetrash.C.Peopleemployedtoemptythedustbin.D.Thingsonecollectswhengatheringuptrash.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Wherethespecialtybuyersarelocated.B.Whatmightbeofvalue.C.Whenthespecialtybuyershandletransaction.D.Whowouldbuyvaluablecollectibles.問題5選項(xiàng)A.aprefacetoabookB.abookreviewC.adviceprovidedbythesocialservicesD.anadvertisement5.單選題Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday’srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.Manycompaniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivation,theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.First,ifthenationaleconomygrows,businessesandindustrieshiremoreworkers.Someofthepoorwhoarequalifiedtolookforjobsmayfindemployment.Thentheywillnolongerbebelowthepovertyline.Second,ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor,thepoorwillbecomemoreproductive.Ifthegovernmentspendsmoneyonsocialprograms,education,andtrainingforpoorpeople,thepoorwillhavetheskillstooffer.Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.Finally,ifthegovernmentdistributessociety’sincomedifferently,itraisessomepoorpeopleabovethepovertyline.Thegovernmentcollectstaxesfromthenon-poorandgivesmoneytothepoor.Thesepaymentstothepoorarecalledwelfare.In1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.1.Theauthor’smainpurposetowritethisarticleis____________.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?3.Morethan40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Thisismainlybecause____________.4.MostoftheAmericanpoorpeoplearenotqualifiedforemploymentbecause____________.5.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat____________.問題1選項(xiàng)A.todefinewhatthepovertylineisB.toexplainwhyyoungpeoplelivebelowthepovertylineC.tofindsolutionstotheproblemofpovertyD.toshowsympathyforthosepoorpeople問題2選項(xiàng)A.TenpercentoftheAmericansliveapoorlife.B.Poorpeoplearethosewholivebelowthepovertyline.C.Thepovertylinerisesasthegeneralstandardoflivingrises.D.Thepovertylinetendstobeatthesamelevel.問題3選項(xiàng)A.theydonothaveenoughmotivationB.theyaresoyoungthattheyaredeprivedofchancestoworkC.theyfailtogetenougheducationD.theyareverypoorinhealth問題4選項(xiàng)A.theydonothaveanymotivationtoworkB.theyarenotveryself-confidentC.theyaretooyoungortoooldtoworkD.theyhavephysicalandfamilyproblems問題5選項(xiàng)A.bettersolutionstothepovertyproblemarenotyetfoundB.welfarewillenablepeopletoberichC.poorpeopleareboundtogooutofthepovertylineiftheyhavechancestodobusinessD.employmentisthebestsolutiontothepovertyproblem6.單選題Ialwayslefthomeforschoolearlierinthemorning______trafficjam.問題1選項(xiàng)A.inlinewithB.forthesakeofC.incaseofD.attheriskof7.單選題Whilehewasclimbingthehighmountain,hehadhisleg____.問題1選項(xiàng)A.brokeB.breakC.brokenD.breaking8.單選題Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewedbiologically,themodernfootballeris（1）asamemberofadisguisedhuntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.Ifhisaimis（2）andhescoresagoal,heenjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey.Tounderstandhowthis（3）hastakenplacewemustbrieflylook（4）ourancientancestors.Theyspentoveramillionyearsevolvingasco-operativehunters.Theirvery（5）dependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eventheirbodies,became（6）changed.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwers（7）prey-killers.Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-groupattackers.Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,afterthis（8）longformativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,（9）puttoanewuse—thatofpenning,controllinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesof（10）werenolongeressentialforsurvival.問題1選項(xiàng)A.exhibitedB.displayedC.paradedD.revealed問題2選項(xiàng)A.accurateB.inaccurateC.comfortableD.uncomfortable問題3選項(xiàng)A.transformationB.transmissionC.transactionD.transition問題4選項(xiàng)A.atB.upC.intoD.on問題5選項(xiàng)A.imageB.pledgeC.survivalD.appeal問題6選項(xiàng)A.restrictivelyB.radicallyC.practicallyD.exclusively問題7選項(xiàng)A.andB.orC.butD.so問題8選項(xiàng)A.immenselyB.immerseC.imminentlyD.permanent問題9選項(xiàng)A.wasB.wereC.isD.are問題10選項(xiàng)A.huntingB.farmingC.killingD.penning9.單選題Shespentahappyafternoon______hercoinsandstamps.問題1選項(xiàng)A.makingoutB.sortingoutC.figuringoutD.turningout10.單選題Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality,andthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythebattleofthesexes.Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman’sroleisregardedaslessimportant—andthathashappenedinsomecasesweareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyinreverse.ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecreditnotalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzemen’splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily.1.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorisveryconcernedwiththerolethat____________.2.Theauthormeanstotellusthat____________.3.Accordingtotheauthor,ahealthyfamilyshouldbebasedon____________.4.Whowillbenefitmostfromafamilypatternofsharingintasksanddecisions?5.Wemaysafelyconcludefromthepassagethat____________.問題1選項(xiàng)A.parentsplayinbringinguptheirchildrenB.menplayinafamilyC.womenplayinafamilyD.equalityplaysinafamily問題2選項(xiàng)A.aman’splaceisinthehomeB.awoman’splaceisinthehomeC.awomanshouldbeequaltoamanD.amanshouldhaveanequalshareinfamilymatters問題3選項(xiàng)A.cooperationB.momismC.authoritarianismD.neo-popism問題4選項(xiàng)A.Thechildren.B.Theman.C.Thewoman.D.Thepsychologist.問題5選項(xiàng)A.malesuperioritymaintainsahealthyfamilyB.authorityanddemocracyareveryessentialtoahealthyfamilyC.authoritarianismdoessomegoodtoahealthyfamilyD.womenshouldneverequaltomen11.單選題Seldom______anymistakesduringmypastfiveyearsofservicehere.問題1選項(xiàng)A.didImakeB.shouldImakeC.IwouldmakeD.wouldImake12.單選題John______betterthantogoswimmingrightaftereating.問題1選項(xiàng)A.shallknowB.shouldn’tknowC.hasknownD.shouldhaveknown13.單選題______weknow,thereare107elementsfoundinnature.問題1選項(xiàng)A.AslongasB.JustasC.SofarasD.Forall14.單選題Researchersproducedevidencetosupportwhatmostofusalreadyknew—thatacupofteaistheanswertoanycrisis.Dr.MalcolmCross,apsychologistatCityUniversityLondon,testedtheanxietylevelsofagroupofpeoplefollowinga（1）

situationandrevealedthatevenasinglecupofteahasa（2）

calmingeffect.Histeamgave42volunteersamentalarithmeticexamand（3）

offeredhalfofthemacupofteaandtheotherhalfaglassofwater.Thewatergroup’sanxietylevelssoared（4）

25percentcomparedwithbeforethetask,（5）

theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety—despitethedifficulttest,theywererelaxedthanwhentheystared.Accordingtoasurveycarriedoutfortheresearch,68percentofBritons（6）

teainadilemma,makingitthenation’smostcommonresponsetotroubleof（7）

kind.About60percentsaidthepromiseofcomfortandwarmthwasthemainreasonforputtingthekettleon.“The（8）

ofmakinganddrinkingtea—particularlyduringtimesofstress—isatthevery（9）

ofBritishculture,”Crosssaid.Thisstudyshowsthatthesocialpsychological（10）

ofteaenhancetheeffectsofitschemicalmake-uponourbodiesandbrains.問題1選項(xiàng)A.light-heartedB.seriousC.comfortableD.stressful問題2選項(xiàng)A.significantB.rigorousC.severeD.selective問題3選項(xiàng)A.previouslyB.afterwardsC.besidesD.lately問題4選項(xiàng)A.onB.inC.byD.at問題5選項(xiàng)A.whileB.howeverC.meanwhileD.nevertheless問題6選項(xiàng)A.giveupB.owetoC.lookonD.turnto問題7選項(xiàng)A.whicheverB.whateverC.howeverD.whoever問題8選項(xiàng)A.ceremonyB.functionC.ritualD.observance問題9選項(xiàng)A.beginningB.momentC.endD.core問題10選項(xiàng)A.aspectsB.facesC.sitesD.ways15.單選題Theaccident______himofhissightandtheuseofhislegs.問題1選項(xiàng)A.excludedB.disabledC.deprivedD.gripped16.單選題Hisfamilyhadalmostforgotten______like.問題1選項(xiàng)A.howhisfacewasB.whichwashisfaceC.whathisfacewasD.thathisfacewas17.單選題Withoutyourhelp,____wesomuch.問題1選項(xiàng)A.didn’tachieveB.wouldnothaveachievedC.willnotachieveD.don’tachieve18.單選題Duringtheelectioncampaign,thepartyvowedto______environmentalconsiderationsintoallitspolicies.問題1選項(xiàng)A.associateB.uniteC.incorporateD.combine19.單選題Although______happenedinthatdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction,itcouldoccurelsewhereintheworld.問題1選項(xiàng)A.whatB.whichC.howD.it20.單選題Thishouseneeds______.Iwillcalltherepaircompanytomorrow.問題1選項(xiàng)A.tobepaintB.paintingC.topaintingD.painted第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:A第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Thestudyofgeneticshasgivenrisetoaprofitablenewindustrycalledbiotechnology.（遺傳學(xué)研究催生了一個(gè)有利可圖的新產(chǎn)業(yè)——生物技術(shù)。），可知B選項(xiàng)“可能因?yàn)闃I(yè)務(wù)收獲頗豐”正確。A選項(xiàng)“主要研究農(nóng)業(yè)”，C選項(xiàng)“主要關(guān)注基因工程作物”和D選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)品種更好的種子”：根據(jù)第一段第二句itblendsbiologyandmoderntechnologythroughsuchtechniquesageneticengineering.（它通過基因工程技術(shù)將生物學(xué)和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)結(jié)合起來。），可知生物技術(shù)是將生物學(xué)和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)結(jié)合，不僅僅是涉及農(nóng)業(yè)，關(guān)注基因工程作物和生產(chǎn)更好品種的種子也只是一部分，不能概括生物技術(shù)公司的業(yè)務(wù)范圍，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。2.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句Innature,geneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertainlimits,”saysthebookGeneticEngineering,Food,andOurEnvironment.“Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrose,butarosewillnevercrosswithapotato…”Geneticengineering,ontheotherhand,usuallyinvolvestakinggenesfromonespeciesandinsertingthemintoanotherinanattempttotransferadesiredpropertyorcharacter.（“在自然界中，基因多樣性是在一定范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的，”《基因工程、食物和我們的環(huán)境》一書中說。“玫瑰可以與另一種玫瑰雜交，但玫瑰永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)與馬鈴薯雜交……”另一方面，基因工程通常是從一種植物中提取基因，然后將其插入另一種植物中，以轉(zhuǎn)移所需的特性或特性。），可知如今的生物技術(shù)違背自然遺傳規(guī)則，C選項(xiàng)“違背自然遺傳學(xué)的規(guī)則”正確，B選項(xiàng)“沒有人類的干擾”和D選項(xiàng)“在自然遺傳學(xué)的范圍內(nèi)”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“比不使用生物技術(shù)的更安全”根據(jù)第一段最后一句Butsomehaveraisedconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredcrops.（但一些人對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因作物表示擔(dān)憂。），文章沒有提到生物技術(shù)更安全，反而提出有的人擔(dān)憂其安全性。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Innature,geneticdiversityiscreatedwithincertainlimits,”saysthebookGeneticEngineering,Food,andOurEnvironment.“Arosecanbecrossedwithadifferentkindofrose,butarosewillnevercrosswithapotato…”（“在自然界中，基因多樣性是在一定范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的，”《基因工程、食物和我們的環(huán)境》一書中說?！懊倒蹇梢耘c另一種玫瑰雜交，但玫瑰永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)與馬鈴薯雜交……”），可知在自然界中，基因多樣化發(fā)生在物種本身內(nèi)，A選項(xiàng)“在物種本身內(nèi)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“通過混合不同物種”，C選項(xiàng)“通過自然選擇”和D選項(xiàng)“通過分離或競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句Itisnowpossibleforplantstobeengineeredwithgenestakenfrombacteria,viruses,insects,animalsorevenhumans.（現(xiàn)在，用細(xì)菌、病毒、昆蟲、動(dòng)物甚至人類的基因改造植物已經(jīng)成為可能。），可知C選項(xiàng)“用人類基因生產(chǎn)植物”正確。B選項(xiàng)“讓人類具有耐寒的特性”根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句Thiscouldmean,forexample,selectingagenewhichleadstotheproductionofachemicalwithantifreezepropertiesfromanarcticfish,andjoiningitintoapotatoorstrawberrytomakeitfrost-resistant.（這可能意味著，例如，選擇一種可以從北極魚中產(chǎn)生具有防凍特性的化學(xué)物質(zhì)的基因，并將其加入土豆或草莓中，使其具有抗凍性。），可知這里指的是讓植物耐寒而非人類。A選項(xiàng)“為我們解決世界糧食短缺問題”和D選項(xiàng)“種植有農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物味道的作物”文中沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在第一段提出有人對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因的擔(dān)憂，在第二段解釋基因如何違反自然規(guī)律，在第三段提出轉(zhuǎn)基因可能帶來的一些影響，最后引用科學(xué)家的話中暗含基因技術(shù)會(huì)帶來消極影響，所以A選項(xiàng)“人類會(huì)為它的副作用付出代價(jià)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“生物的種類會(huì)減少”，C選項(xiàng)“我們將患的疾病種類越來越少”和D選項(xiàng)“我們的生活環(huán)境將比現(xiàn)在好”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。2.【答案】A【解析】考查后置定語。句意：明天要討論的問題是是否應(yīng)該提高所得稅。根據(jù)question被debate確定用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不定式表目的可以用作定語成分，A選項(xiàng)tobedebated正確。D選項(xiàng)thatitwillbedebated中it作從句主語多余。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。3.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)contributeto“（造成某情況）的一個(gè)原因”；B選項(xiàng)attributeto“把……歸因于”；C選項(xiàng)attendto“處理；照料”；D選項(xiàng)devoteto“獻(xiàn)身于；作……專用”。句意：攝入太多脂肪會(huì)______心臟病和引起高血壓。根據(jù)語境，攝入太多脂肪是造成心臟病的原因之一，所以contributeto“（造成某情況）的一個(gè)原因”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。4.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:D第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.語義推測(cè)題。authored意思為“寫作；編寫”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句whohasauthored11otherbooksonsellingcollectibles（寫了另外11本關(guān)于出售收藏品的書），這里authored搭配books，D選項(xiàng)“寫”比較符合語境，也和authored詞義相近。A選項(xiàng)“是某方面的權(quán)威”，B選項(xiàng)“批準(zhǔn)，授權(quán)”和C選項(xiàng)“放棄權(quán)利”不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“TrashorTreasurecanmakeyourich,”…“It’sbetterthanbuyingalotteryticket—youcan’tlosewiththisbook.”（“《垃圾還是寶藏》可以讓你變得富有，”……“這比買彩票好——你不會(huì)因?yàn)閾碛羞@本書而失去什么?！保恼聦懙氖琴u廢品為財(cái)富，運(yùn)用這本書的內(nèi)容會(huì)讓人增加財(cái)富，更不會(huì)因?yàn)檫@本書失去什么，所以B選項(xiàng)“你可能花了很多錢買彩票，卻什么也得不到，但是如果你買這本書，總會(huì)得到些什么”正確。A選項(xiàng)“你可能會(huì)失去一張彩票，但不會(huì)失去這本書”，C選項(xiàng)“可能買彩票你來晚了，但是買這本書不會(huì)晚”和D選項(xiàng)“如果你買彩票，可能不會(huì)像他人一樣優(yōu)秀，但是如果你買這本書，就會(huì)和其他人一樣優(yōu)秀”不符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。3.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句That’swhyDr.Hyman’sbookisinvaluable:Itleadsyoustraightto1,200specialtybuyerswhoareactivelylookingforyourdust-gatherers.（這就是為什么海曼博士的書是無價(jià)的：它直接把你帶到1200個(gè)專業(yè)買家面前，而他們正在積極地尋找你的灰塵收集器。），這些專家專門收購(gòu)垃圾，所以D選項(xiàng)“收集垃圾的東西”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“積灰塵的東西”，B選項(xiàng)“受雇幫助清理垃圾的人”和C選項(xiàng)“被雇傭來清空垃圾箱的人”不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第二句Foritnotonlytellsyouwhatyouhavethatcouldbeofvalue,ittellsyouwhotosellitto,wherethey’relocated,andhowtohandlethetransaction.（因?yàn)樗粌H告訴你你擁有什么可能有價(jià)值的東西，還告訴你把它賣給誰，他們?cè)谀睦?，以及如何處理交易。），可知這本書的內(nèi)容有A選項(xiàng)“專業(yè)買家的所在地”，B選項(xiàng)“可能有價(jià)值的東西”和D選項(xiàng)“誰會(huì)買有價(jià)值的收藏品”，C選項(xiàng)“專業(yè)買家什么時(shí)候處理交易”不包含在內(nèi)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。5.主旨大意題。這篇文章介紹了TrashorTreasure這本書，也介紹了這本書的作者和內(nèi)容，而沒有對(duì)這本書的評(píng)價(jià)，所以A選項(xiàng)“書的序言”正確。B選項(xiàng)“書評(píng)”、C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)給的意見”和D選項(xiàng)“廣告”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。5.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:B第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家研究貧困的原因是為了找到解決問題的辦法。），結(jié)合后文提到貧困的原因以及解決的方法，可知本文主要在尋找解決貧困的方法，故C選項(xiàng)“尋找解決貧困問題的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“定義貧困線”：在文章第一句提出，后面沒有進(jìn)一步再解釋，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“解釋為什么年輕人生活在貧困線以下”：文章有提到，但這只是文章內(nèi)容的一部分，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)窮人表示同情”：不是文章主要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)，A選項(xiàng)“百分之十的美國(guó)人過著貧困的生活”：根據(jù)第二段第二句about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline（10%的美國(guó)人生活在貧困線以下），可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“窮人是那些生活在貧困線以下的人”：Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.（收入在貧困線以下的人被認(rèn)為是窮人。），可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“貧困線隨著總體生活水平的提高而提高”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.（隨著國(guó)家總體生活水平的提高，貧困線也在提高。），可知貧困線不會(huì)一成不變，故D選項(xiàng)“貧困線往往在同一水平”正確，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.（超過40%的窮人是兒童。根據(jù)法律規(guī)定，16歲以下的兒童不能在許多行業(yè)工作。），可知兒童沒有錢的原因是不能工作，故B選項(xiàng)“他們太年輕了，還不能工作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們沒有足夠的積極性”和D選項(xiàng)“他們的健康狀況很差”是一些成年人找不到工作的原因，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“他們沒有得到足夠的教育”：這是窮人普遍找不到工作的原因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.（超過40%的窮人是兒童。）和第四句Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.（大量的窮人是老人），可知年齡太小或太大而不能工作的兒童和老人是窮人中沒有就業(yè)資格的主要人群，故C選項(xiàng)“他們太年輕或太老而不能工作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們沒有工作的動(dòng)力”，B選項(xiàng)“他們不是很自信”和D選項(xiàng)“他們有身體和家庭問題”：這些是少部分貧困成年人沒有工作的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第九段第一句Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.（一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家正在尋找解決貧困問題的更好辦法），可知A選項(xiàng)“還沒有找到更好的解決貧困問題的辦法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“福利將使人們變得富有”：In1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.（1975年，美國(guó)有超過1800萬人得到了社會(huì)福利），得到福利的人這么多，依然那么多人處于貧困，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“如果窮人有機(jī)會(huì)做生意，他們一定會(huì)走出貧困線”：根據(jù)第七段ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor…Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.（如果社會(huì)對(duì)窮人進(jìn)行投資……這樣他們就更有可能找到工作），可知窮人有機(jī)會(huì)做生意不代表一定會(huì)脫離貧困，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“就業(yè)是解決貧困問題的最好辦法”：根據(jù)上文，兒童和老人是貧困的主要人群，而他們沒有工作能力，所以就業(yè)不是解決貧困的最好方法，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。6.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)inlinewith“與……一致”；B選項(xiàng)forthesakeof“為了”；C選項(xiàng)incaseof“以防萬一”；D選項(xiàng)attheriskof“冒著……的危險(xiǎn)”。句意：我總是在早上較早離開家去上學(xué)______交通堵塞。根據(jù)語境，這里指早點(diǎn)出門是為了不想堵車，C選項(xiàng)incaseof“以防萬一”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。7.【答案】C【解析】考查賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間的關(guān)系。此句中的had為使役動(dòng)詞，其后的賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間的關(guān)系是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，根據(jù)英語語法，此處應(yīng)用過去分詞。本句句意：他在爬那座高山時(shí)，摔斷了腿。8.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:A第4題:A第5題:C第6題:B第7題:A第8題:A第9題:A第10題:A【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exhibited“表現(xiàn)出；展覽”；B選項(xiàng)displayed“陳列；展示；表露（特點(diǎn)、素質(zhì)、情感）”；C選項(xiàng)paraded“（為使自己獲益而）展示；游行”；D選項(xiàng)revealed“透露；揭露”。句意：從生物學(xué)角度來看，現(xiàn)代足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員______是偽裝的狩獵群體中的一員。根據(jù)語境，這里是生物學(xué)的角度顯示出現(xiàn)代足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員是偽裝的狩獵者，D選項(xiàng)revealed“透露；揭露”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。2.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accurate“準(zhǔn)確的；精確的”；B選項(xiàng)inaccurate“不準(zhǔn)確的”；C選項(xiàng)comfortable“舒服的”；D選項(xiàng)uncomfortable“不舒服的”。句意：如果他目標(biāo)______，并且得分，會(huì)享受類似獵人殺死獵物取得勝利的感覺。根據(jù)語境，這里指足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員踢進(jìn)足球贏得分?jǐn)?shù)，A選項(xiàng)accurate“準(zhǔn)確的；精確的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。3.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transformation“轉(zhuǎn)變；（徹底的）變化”；B選項(xiàng)transmission“傳送；傳播”；C選項(xiàng)transaction“交易”；D選項(xiàng)transition“轉(zhuǎn)型；（逐漸地）轉(zhuǎn)向”。句意：為了理解這種______是如何發(fā)生的。根據(jù)文章第一句可知體育活動(dòng)本質(zhì)上是狩獵行為的改良，所以體育活動(dòng)是從狩獵行為演變而來，A選項(xiàng)transformation“轉(zhuǎn)變；（徹底的）變化”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。4.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)lookat“看；考慮；著眼于”；B選項(xiàng)lookup“查閱；（久別后）拜訪”；C選項(xiàng)lookinto“觀察；調(diào)查；瀏覽”；D選項(xiàng)lookon“看待；視作”。句意：我們必須簡(jiǎn)略地______我們的祖先。根據(jù)語境，這里是指看看我們的祖先的具體情況，A選項(xiàng)lookat“看；考慮；著眼于”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)image“想象”；B選項(xiàng)pledge“諾言；抵押”；C選項(xiàng)survival“幸存”；D選項(xiàng)appeal“上訴；吸引力”。句意：他們的______取決于在獵場(chǎng)上的成功。根據(jù)語境，這里指在獵場(chǎng)上成功捕到獵物讓他們生存下來，C選項(xiàng)survival“幸存”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。6.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)restrictively“限制性地”；B選項(xiàng)radically“從根本上，徹底地”；C選項(xiàng)practically“實(shí)事求是地”；D選項(xiàng)exclusively“唯一地，專有地”。句意：在這種壓力下，他們的整個(gè)生活方式，甚至他們的身體，都發(fā)生了______變化。根據(jù)上文，這里指成功捕獵才能存活的壓力讓我們的祖先發(fā)生了變化，以及下一句中交代的追逐、賽跑、跳高、瞄準(zhǔn)、投擲等，可知這是生活方式和身體上質(zhì)的變化，B選項(xiàng)radically“從根本上；徹底地”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。7.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)and“和”；B選項(xiàng)or“或者”；C選項(xiàng)but“但是”；D選項(xiàng)so“所以”。句意：他們成為追逐者、賽跑者、跳高者、瞄準(zhǔn)者、投擲者_(dá)_____捕食者。根據(jù)語境，這里表示并列，包含這里列出的所有身份，A選項(xiàng)and“和”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。8.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)immensely“極其地；非常地”；B選項(xiàng)immerse“使浸沒于；沉浸在”；C選項(xiàng)imminently“緊急地；迫切地”；D選項(xiàng)permanent“永恒的”。句意：然后，大約一萬年前，在經(jīng)歷了______漫長(zhǎng)的狩獵形成時(shí)期之后，他們成為了農(nóng)民。根據(jù)語境，這里的一萬年非常久，A選項(xiàng)immensely“極其地，非常地”修飾long“長(zhǎng)的”比較合理。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。9.考查主謂一致。句意：他們的智力提高了，這對(duì)它們以前的狩獵生活至關(guān)重要，現(xiàn)在智力又有了新的用途——圈養(yǎng)、控制和馴養(yǎng)獵物。根據(jù)主語是intelligence確定謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在以前確定用一般過去時(shí)，所以A選項(xiàng)was正確，其余選項(xiàng)語法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。10.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hunting“捕獵”；B選項(xiàng)farming“耕作”；C選項(xiàng)killing“謀殺”；D選項(xiàng)penning“用石塊鋪砌”。句意：______的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和不確定性不再是生存的必要條件。根據(jù)上文，捕獵是生存的必要條件，A選項(xiàng)hunting“捕獵”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。9.【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)makingout“理解；證明；填寫完”；B選項(xiàng)sortingout“整理；挑選”；C選項(xiàng)figuringout“解決；算出”；D選項(xiàng)turningout“原來是”。句意：她______她的硬幣和郵票，度過了一個(gè)快樂的下午。根據(jù)語境，sortingout“整理；挑選”搭配coinsandstamps“硬幣和郵票”比較合適。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。10.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:A第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.（是時(shí)候重新評(píng)估男人在美國(guó)家庭中的角色了），可見在這篇文章中偏重講男性在家庭中的角色，故B選項(xiàng)“男人在家庭中的角色”正確。A選項(xiàng)“父母在撫養(yǎng)孩子的過程中的角色”：文章主題不是怎樣撫養(yǎng)孩子，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“女性在家庭中的角色”和D選項(xiàng)“家庭中的平等地位”：相對(duì)于女性和男女平等，重新定位男性在家庭中的角色在本文是重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality（分擔(dān)任務(wù)和決策的模式促進(jìn)了平等）和第三句Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasily（在這樣的家庭長(zhǎng)大的孩子比他們的父母更容易接受平等的觀念），可知作者認(rèn)為在家務(wù)事當(dāng)中，男女應(yīng)該平等，故D選項(xiàng)“男人應(yīng)該在家庭事務(wù)中擁有平等的份額”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男人應(yīng)該待在家里”：文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“女人應(yīng)該待在家里”：根據(jù)第四段第二句Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.（我們幾乎已經(jīng)放棄了女人應(yīng)該待在家里的說法。），可知作者不認(rèn)為女性應(yīng)該待在家里，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“女人應(yīng)該和男人平等”：本文中的平等主要是指在家庭事務(wù)中平等付出，而不是地位平等，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Thefamilyisacooperativeenterprise（家庭是一個(gè)協(xié)作的事業(yè)），可知作者認(rèn)為在家庭中協(xié)作很重要，故A選項(xiàng)“協(xié)作”正確。B選項(xiàng)“媽媽主義”和D選項(xiàng)“新爸爸主義”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.（我們對(duì)媽媽主義有點(diǎn)厭倦了——但我們不想用新爸爸主義來代替），可知作者不贊同媽媽主義和新爸爸主義，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)裁主義”：根據(jù)第六段Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences（過度的獨(dú)裁主義會(huì)產(chǎn)生不愉快的后果），可知作者不贊同獨(dú)裁主義，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Insucha