REN21-可再生能源2023年全球狀況報告（英）

RENE

WABLE

S

2023GLOBAL

S

TATUS

REPORTENERGYDEMAND2023COLLECTIONREN21

MEMBERSINDUSTRY

ASSOCIATIONSAfrica

Minigrids

Developers

Association(AMDA)INTER-GOVERNMENTALORGANISATIONSAsia

Paci?c

Energy

Research

Center(APERC)NGOSAssociation

Africaine

pourl'Electri?cation

Rurale

(Club-ER)CDPAlliance

for

Rural

Electri?cation

(ARE)American

Council

on

Renewable

Energy(ACORE)Associa??o

Lusófona

de

EnergiasRenováveis

(ALER)Associa??o

Portuguesa

de

EnergiasRenováveis((APREN)Chinese

Renewable

Energy

IndustriesAssociation

(CREIA)Clean

Energy

Council(CEC)Euroheat&

Power(EHP)European

Heat

Pump

Association(EHPA)European

Renewable

EnergiesFederation

(EREF)Global

O?-Grid

Lighting

Association(GOGLA)Global

Solar

Council(GSC)Global

Wind

Energy

Council(GWEC)Indian

Renewable

Energy

Federation(IREF)International

Geothermal

Association(IGA)International

Hydropower

Association(IHA)RE100/Climate

GroupRES4Africa

FoundationSolarPower

Europe

(SPE)Union

International

de

TransportPublique(UITP)World

Bioenergy

Association

(WBA)Asian

Development

Bank

(ADB)CLASPECOWAS

Centre

for

RenewableEnergy

and

Energy

E?ciency(ECREEE)Electric

Power

Council

of

theCommonwealth

of

IndependentStates(EPC)European

Commission(EC)Global

Environment

Facility

(GEF)International

Energy

Agency

(IEA)International

Renewable

EnergyAgency

(IRENA)Islamic

Development

Bank(IsDB)Organización

Latinoamericana

deEnergía

(OLADE)Regional

Center

for

RenewableEnergy

and

Energy

E?ciency(RCREEE)Clean

Cooking

Alliance

(CCA)Climate

Action

Network

International(CAN-I)Coalition

de

Ciudades

Capitales

de

lasAmericas

(CC35)Energy

CitiesEuropeanYouth

Energy

Network(EYEN)Fundación

Renovables

(FER)Global

Forum

on

Sustainable

Energy(GFSE)Global

Women’s

Network

for

theEnergyTransition

(GWNET)Greenpeace

InternationalICLEI–Local

Governments

forSustainabilityInstitute

for

Sustainable

Energy

Policies(ISEP)International

ElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)Jeune

Volontaires

pour

l'Environne-ment

(JVE)Mali

Folkecenter(MFC)Power

for

AllRenewable

Energy

and

EnergyE?ciency

Partnership(REEEP)Renewable

Energy

Institute(REI)Renewables

Grid

Initiative(RGI)United

Nations

DevelopmentProgramme

(UNDP)United

Nations

EnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)United

Nations

IndustrialDevelopment

Organization

(UNIDO)World

Bank

(WB)GOVERNMENTSAfghanistanAustraliaAustriaBrazilDenmarkDominican

RepublicGermanyIndiaMexicoWorld

Wind

Energy

Association

(WWEA)SLOCAT

Partnership

on

Sustainable,Low

Carbon

TransportSolar

Cookers

International(SCI)Sustainable

Energy

for

All(SEforAll)The

Global

100%

Renewable

EnergyPlatform

(Global

100%RE)World

Council

for

Renewable

Energy(WCRE)SCIENCE

AND

ACADEMIAAEE–

Institute

for

SustainableTechnologies

(AEE-INTEC)Council

on

Energy,

Environment

andWater

(CEEW)Fundación

Bariloche(FB)WorldFuture

Council

(WFC)World

WideFund

for

Nature

(WWF)International

Institute

for

AppliedSystems

Analysis

(IIASA)NorwayInternational

Solar

Energy

Society(ISES)National

Renewable

Energy

Laboratory(NREL)National

Research

University

HigherSchool

of

Economics

Russia

(HSE)South

African

National

EnergyDevelopment

Institute

(SANEDI)Republic

of

KoreaSouth

AfricaSouth

AustraliaSpainUnited

Arab

EmiratesUnited

States

of

AmericaMEMBERS

AT

LARGEMichael

EckhartDavid

HalesKirsty

HamiltonPeter

RaeThe

Energy

and

Resources

Institute(TERI)Arthouros

ZervosUniversity

of

Technology–

Institute

forSustainable

Futures(UTS)PRESIDENTEXECUTIVE

DIRECTORWorld

Resources

Institute

(WRI)Arthouros

ZervosRanaAdibREN21RENEWABLES

IN

ENERGY

DEMANDFOREWORDAlothaschangedinadecade.The

past

ten

years

have

brought

significant

shifts

in

the

renewable

energy

landscape.

Renewables,

once

an

emergingtrend,

have

become

a

global

necessity.

Decision

makers

are

finally

acknowledging

that

a

world

fully

energised

byrenewables

is

not

only

desirable

but

essential

to

bringing

about

prosperous

economies,

sustainable

societies

andequitablehumandevelopment.This

report

presents

the

first

modules

of

the

eight-piece

Renewables

2023

Global

Status

Report

(GSR)

Collection.The

Energy

Demand

modules

on

Buildings,

Industry,

Transport

and

Agriculture

are

a

testament

to

the

crucial

rolethat

energy-consuming

sectors

play

in

driving

the

transition

to

renewable

energy.

They

underscore

the

importance

oflooking

beyond

the

supply

side

and

installed

capacities,

and

recognising

that

accelerating

the

demand

for

renewablesacross

these

four

sectors

is

critical.

Without

substantive

progress

on

the

demand

side,

it

will

be

impossible

to

achievethe

structural

transformations

neededtoshifttoa

renewables-based

energy

system,

economy

and

society.With

this

report,

REN21

continues

to

play

a

pivotal

role

in

shaping

the

transition

to

sustainable

energy

sources

andin

bridging

the

gap

between

(renewable)

energy

supply

and

demand.

The

findings

presented

in

the

GSR

EnergyDemand

modules

represent

an

important

step

forward

in

understanding

the

full

potential

of

renewables

in

meetingthe

world's

energy

needs,

aswellas

the

persisting

barriers.Renewables

are

the

only

energy

sources

compatible

with

the

vision

to

“l(fā)eave

no

one

behind”.

Demand

sectors

aresteadily

discoveringthatclean,

a?ordable,

secureand

accessible

energy

is

key

to

leveraging

for

impact.

For

the

firsttime,

the

world

is

using

renewable

energy

solutions

to

overcome

multiple

global

challenges

simultaneously:

economicinstability,

unprecedented

energy

crises,

threats

to

peace

and

democracy,

and

the

devastating

socio-economicconsequences

ofa

global

pandemic.We

needtoharness

the

political

momentumtoaccelerate

this

transition.Wemust

build

on

each

other

to

ensure

that

renewables

are

never

left

out

from

sustainable

development

conversations.We

mustmake2023

theyearofrenewables.REN21,

inits

role

as

knowledge

broker

for

the

renewable

energy

sector,

is

ambitiously

spearheading

this

global

waveof

change.

Our

goal

istoamplify

the

voices

of

the

multi-stakeholder

community

thatweproudly

represent.

The

GSREnergy

Demand

modules

representacollective

e?ort

of

hundreds

of

collaborators

whohaveworked

meticulouslytopaintan

accurate

picture

of

renewablestoday.I

extend

heartfelt

thanks

to

the

REN21

team,

authors,

special

advisors

and

contributors

who

have

brought

theirknowledge,

time

and

dedication

to

producing

this

report.

Your

insights,

passion

and

commitment

have

beeninstrumental

in

making

the

GSR

Energy

Demand

modules

a

reality.

I

am

confident

that

this

report

will

serve

as

avaluable

resource

for

policy

makers,

industry

leaders

and

other

stakeholders

to

inform

decision

making

and

drive

thetransitiontoa

sustainable

future

forall

a

future

poweredbyrenewable

energy.Sincerely,Rana

AdibExecutive

Director,

REN213RENEWABLES

2023

GLOBAL

STATUS

REPORT

-

RENEWABLES

IN

ENERGY

DEMANDTABL

E

OF

CONTENTSForeword0308AcknowledgementsRENEWABLES

IN

ENERGY

DEMAND:GLOBAL

TRENDS10BUILDINGS

IN

FOCUS16

TRANSPORT

IN

FOCUS38Module

OverviewPolicy1720242527Module

OverviewPolicy3941InvestmentInvestment444649Market

DevelopmentsChallengesandOpportunitiesMarket

DevelopmentsChallengesandOpportunitiesINDUSTRY

IN

FOCUS28

AGRICULTURE

IN

FOCUS50Module

OverviewPolicy2931Module

OverviewPolicy5153545557Investment323237InvestmentMarket

DevelopmentsChallenges

and

OpportunitiesMarket

DevelopmentsChallengesandOpportunities4TABLE

OFCONTENTSGLOBAL

STATUS

REPORT

2023

COLLECTIONRenewables

inENERGY

DEMANDFIGURESSNAPSHOTSFigure1.

RenewablesinEnergyDemand1015Europe21Figure2.

NumberofCountrieswithRenewableEnergyRegulatoryPolicies,byDemandSector,2012–2022China23SouthAfricaPakistan3436Figure3.

RenewableShareofTotal

FinalEnergyConsumptioninBuildings,2010,

2019

and202018181922US-ChinaSpain4448Figure4.

EnergyConsumptioninBuildingsbyMajorCountry/Region,2020Figure5.

EnergyConsumptionforHeatinginBuildings,India56bySource,2011and2021Figure6.

RegulatoryPoliciesinBuildings,byBuildingType,asofEnd-2022Endnotes5873Photo

CreditsandImpressumFigure7.

RenewableShareofTotal

FinalEnergyConsumptioninIndustry,2010,

2019

and202030LINKS

TO

MICROSITEFigure8.

RenewableEnergyShareandElectrificationRatesinSelected

IndustrySub-Sectors,

2020

33R

Energy

Unitsand

Conversion

FactorsR

Data

Collectionand

ValidationR

Methodological

NotesR

GlossaryFigure9.

RenewableShareofTotal

FinalEnergyConsumptioninTransport,2010,

2019

and20204041Figure10.

NationalandSub-NationalRenewableBiofuelR

List

of

AbbreviationsMandatesandTargets,asofEnd-2022Figure11.

TargetsforRenewablePowerandReference

Tables

can

be

accessed

through

theGSR

2023

Energy

Demand

Data

PackatElectricVehicles,asofEnd-2022424546Figure12.

InvestmentinElectricVehicles,R

/gsr2023-data-pack.byMajorCountry,2018-2022Figure13.

RenewablesinTransportbyRegion,2010-2019DISCLAIMER:Figure14.

RenewableShareofTotal

FinalEnergyConsumptioninAgriculture,REN21

releases

issue

papersandreports

toemphasise

the

importanceofrenewableenergyandtogeneratediscussion

on

issues

centraltothepromotionofrenewableenergy.WhileREN21

papersandreports

havebenefited

from

the

considerationsandinputfrom

the

REN21

community,they

do

not

necessarily

representaconsensus

among

network

participantsonanygivenpoint.

Although

the

informationgiveninthisreport

is

the

bestavailabletothe

authors

at

the

time,

REN21

andits

participants

cannot

beheldliablefor

its

accuracyandcorrectness.2010,

2019

and20205253Figure15.

NationalandSub-NationalRenewableEnergyTargetsandFiscal/FinancialPoliciesintheAgricultureSector,asofEnd-2022The

designations

employedandthe

presentation

ofmaterialinthe

mapsinthisreport

do

notimplythe

expressionofanyopinionwhatsoeverconcerning

the

legal

statusofanyregion,

country,

territory,

city

orareaorofits

authorities,andis

withoutprejudicetothe

statusofor

sovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothe

delimitationofinternationalfrontiers

or

boundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,

city

or

area.REPORT

CITATIONREN21.

2023.Renewables2023

Global

StatusReport

collection,Renewables

inEnergyDemandCommentsandquestionsarewelcomeandcanbe

senttogsr@.(Paris:REN21

Secretariat).ISBN

978-3-948393-07-65RENEWABLES

2023

GLOBAL

STATUS

REPORT

-

RENEWABLES

IN

ENERGY

DEMANDRENEWABLE

ENERGYPOLICY

NETWORKFOR

THE

21

CENTURYstREN21

is

the

only

global

communityofactors

from

science,

governments,

NGOsand

industryworking

collectively

to

drive

the

rapiduptakeofrenewables–

now!REN21

worksto

build

knowledge,

shape

dialogueand

debate,andcommunicate

theseresultsto

inform

decision

makers

to

strategically

drive

the

deep

transformations

neededto

make

renewables

the

norm

We

do

thisin

close

co-operation

with

the

community,providinga

platform

for

these

stakeholdersto

engageand

collaborate

REN21

alsoconnects

with

non-energy

playersto

grow

the

energy

discourse,giventhe

economicandsocial

significance

of

energyThemostsuccessfulorganisms,suchasanoctopus,haveadecentralised

intelligenceand

"sensing"

function

This

increases

responsiveness

to

a

changing

environmentREN21

incarnatesthisapproachOurmorethan

4,000

community

members

guideourco-operativework

They

reflectthe

vastarray

ofbackgroundsand

perspectivesin

society

As

REN21’s

eyesand

ears,they

collect

information,share

intelligenceand

make

therenewablevoiceheardREN21

takesall

this

informationto

better

understand

thecurrentthinkingaroundrenewablesand

changenorms

Our

publications

are

probably

the

world’s

mostcomprehensive

crowd-sourced

reports

on

renewables

Each

isa

truly

collaborativeprocessofco-authoring,

data

collectionand

peerreviewing6CROWD-SOURCED

DATA

AND

KNOWLEDGEREN21's

dataand

knowledge

collection

method

is

built

ona

globalmulti-stakeholder

communityofexperts

It

isvalidatedin

a

collaborativeand

transparentopenpeer-review

process

It

is

made

openlyavailable

todevelopa

sharedlanguagethat

shapes

the

sectoral,

regionalandglobaldebate

on

the

energy

transitionFormoreinformation,

see

the

Methodological

Notes

section

on

data

collectionand

validationRENEWABLES

GLOBAL

STATUS

REPORT2023

COLLECTIONSince

2005,

REN21's

Renewables

Global

Status

Report(GSR)

hasspotlighted

ongoing

developmentsandemergingtrends

that

shape

the

future

of

renewablesIt

isa

collaborative

e?ortinvolving

hundredsofexpertsbuildings,

industry,

transportand

agriculture

It

includesa

publication

on

energy

systemsand

infrastructure

withrenewables,

aswellasa

publication

on

renewables

foreconomicand

socialvalue

creation,

acknowledging

thekey

role

that

energy

plays

across

economiesand

societiesCollectively

these

five

publications

o?er

readersa

systemicglobal

overviewofthecurrentuptakeofrenewablesThis

year’s

edition(18th)

hasevolvedin

designandstructureto

reflect

the

fundamental

changesin

the

globalenergy

landscape

Thenewstructure

isin

the

formofacollection

of

five

publications

In

additionto

presentingthe

trendsin

renewable

energysupply,

it

also

divesintothe

energy

demand

sectors,

with

dedicated

modules

onThisnewstructure

makes

the

GSRa

key

toolin

expandingtherenewableenergy

discussioninto

key

sectorsandecosystems,

developinga

sharedlanguage

anddrivinga

stronger

integration

ofsupply,

demand,

infrastructure,marketandinvestmentRENEWABLES

2023GLOBAL

STATUS

REPORTENERGYDEMAND2023COLLECTION7RENEWABLES

2023

GLOBAL

STATUS

REPORT

-

RENEWABLES

IN

ENERGY

DEMANDACKNOWLEDGEMENTSLEAD

TOPICAL

CONTRIBUTORSREN21

DATA

AND

KNOWLEDGE

TEAMJadBabaAGRICULTUREPaulineHecker,IriniMaltsoglou,ManasPuri(FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations–FAO)Toma?CigutYuko

KomazawaNathalieLedanoisHendYaqoobBUILDINGSSPECIAL

ADVISORSAdamBrownJanetL.

SawinCHAPTER

AUTHORSHind

CouzinFemkedeJong(EuropeanClimateFoundation);ChiaraDelmastro(InternationalEnergyAgency–IEA);AdrienHiel(EnergyCities);TakeshiMiyamori,Ji-SooYoon

(OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)LydiaEl

BouazzatiDuncan

GibbFannyJoubertPaloma

RuizINDUSTRYTareq

Emtairah,NurzatMyrsalieva(UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization);TomasK?berger(RenewableEnergyInstitute)Kristin

SeybothRESEARCH

AND

PROJECT

SUPPORTINVESTMENT(REN21

SECRETARIAT)ElizabethHolley,JordyLee

(ColoradoSchoolofMines);MuniraRaji(UniversityofPlymouth)ThomasAndréFayrouzAtrakoutiTalia

ContrerasPOLICYAnaDíazVidalStefanieGicquelVibhushreeHamirwasiaChigozieNweke-EzeJonasReolonKremerBoranaResulajAndreaWainerLauraE.

WilliamsonValerieBennett

(OntarioEnergyBoard);RichardCarlson(PollutionProbe);JuliaLevin(EnvironmentalDefense)TRANSPORTStefanBakker(NetherlandsInstituteforTransportPolicyAnalysis);CornieHuizenga(ClimateandEnvironmentService

Group,Shanghai);EmilieMartin(WuppertalInstitute);NikolaMedimorec,KarlPeet(SLOCATPartnershiponSustainableLowCarbonTransport);LeonardoPaoli,PerAndersWidell(IEA);MarionVieweg(CurrentFuture)COMMUNICATIONS

SUPPORT(REN21

SECRETARIAT)YasmineAbd-El-AzizElizabethCanavanMarielaLopezHidalgoHalaKilaniShiyaoZhangEDITING,

DESIGN

AND

LAYOUTLisa

Mastny(Editor)weeks.deWerbeagenturGmbH(Design)PRODUCTIONREN21

Secretariat,Paris,FranceDATA

AND

PYTHON

PROGRAMMINGNicolasAchury(independentconsultant)Note:

Some

individualshave

contributed

in

more

thanoneway

to

this

report

To

avoid

listing

contributorsmultiple

times,

they

have

been

added

to

the

groupwherethey

provided

the

most

information

In

most

cases,

thelead

topical

contributors

also

participated

in

the

GlobalStatus

Report

(GSR)review

and

validation

process8ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPEER

REVIEWERS

AND

OTHER

CONTRIBUTORSMussaAbbasiMussa(MinistryofEnergy,Tanzania);MohammedAbdalghafoor(UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange);AbdenourAchour(ChalmersUniversityofTechnology);DamilolaAdeyanju(EnelFoundation);SanchitSaranAgarwal(The

EnergyandResourcesInstitute);ShakirAli(MehranUET);

AkramAlmohamadi(RegionalCenterforRenewableEnergyandEnergyE?iciency–RCREEE);SamiAlnabulsi(Beta-Blockers);MohammadAlnajideen(Cardi?University);PatrickAtoudaBeyala(SOASUniversityofLondon);RicardoBaitelo(InstitutodeEnergiaeMeioAmbiente–IEMA);PadmasaiLakshmiBhamidipati(UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeCopenhagenClimateEduardoGarcia(Energy-W);RosaMoreno-Munoz(UniversityofCordoba);Garcia(SustainableEnergyforAll–SEforALL);GeniceGrande-Acosta(InstituteofRenewableEnergy,NationalAutonomousUniversityofMexico);JennyGregory

(RACEfor2030

CooperativeResearchCentres);FüsunHakl?d?r(IstanbulBilgiUniversity);IanHamilton(UniversityCollegeLondon);FihiimaMohamedHassan(Energyspecialist);FrankHaugwitz(AsiaEuropeCleanEnergy(Solar)AdvisoryCoLtd

);RainerHinrichs-Rahlwes(EuropeanRenewableEnergiesFederation);CatharinaHorn(NOWGmbH);AbdulwahabIbrahim(UniversityofIlorin,Nigeria);NeerajJoshi(IPCGmBH);JózsefKádár(AravaInstituteforEnvironmentalStudies);MaisarahKadir(InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency);BrianKawuma(PowerforAll);MohamedahmedKhalifa(KhartoumRefinery

CompanyLtd);NazarI

Khan(JamiaMilliaIslamia);ShigekiKobayashi(TransportInstituteofCentralJapan);BharadwajKummamuru(WorldBioenergyAssociation);YounessLebtar(MohamedtheFirstUniversity);LucaLorenzoni(IEA);DetlefLoy(LoyEnergyConsulting);JuanRoberto

Lozano-Maya(NationalEnergyControlCenter–CENACE);JaideepMalaviya(MalaviyaSolarEnergyConsultancy);VincentMartinez(Architecture2030);Gon?aloMartins(PortugueseAssociationofRenewableEnergy–APREN);LeopoldoMico(SolarHeatEurope/EuropeanSolarThermalIndustryFederation);NyashaMilanzi(AshesiUniversity);EmiMizuno(SEforALL);LawalMohammed(EnergyCommissionofNigeria);AntonioSabathaMthwecu(SolarRais);ChuckChuanNg

(XiamenUniversityMalaysia);DianaCarolineNjama(ClimateTracker);Jesse

Nyokabi(QuaiseEnergyAfrica);MarisaOlano(IDAE);ViniciusOliveira(IEMA);IsmailOwoseni(Innov8systemsVenture);GiorgiaPasqualetto(SEforALL);LebeauPemhaThina(InternationalAssociationforPartnershipandEmergence);Tran

PhuongDong(TransportationSustainabilityResearchCenter);JoanaPortugalPereira(FederalUniversityofRiodeJaneiro);PallavPurohit(InternationalInstituteforAppliedSystemsAnalysis);ShayanRazaghy(CircuitEnergyInc

);AriReeves(CLASP);YaseminErboyRu?

(CLASP);KhalidSalmi(RCREEE);HebaSharaf(CairoUniversity);UroojSheikh(HalcrowPakistan);IreneSkoula(C40);EmilioSoberónBravo(SFAOxford

/UniversityofEdinburgh);Dosse

Sossouga(AmisdesEtrangersauTogo);

WilliamWSteiner(HawaiiOilSeed

Producers);SatrioSwandikoPrillianto(GIZ);JinTanaka(UNISCInternational);YaelTaranto

(SHURAEnergyTransitionCenter);HannibalTesfahunegn(PowerforAll);Costas

Travasaros(PrimeLaser

Technology);UlricTrotz(formerCaribbeanClimateChangeCentre);GalynaTrypolska(SOInstituteforEconomicsandForecasting,UkraineNationalAcademyofSciences);LoannisTsipouridis(REDPROConsultants);PrachiUgle(ESDW2021);PeterYang(CaseWesternReserve

University);XiaZuzhang(FAO)Centre);FaizBhutta

(ETRC

contributor);UdochukwuBolaAkuru(TshwaneUniversityofTechnology);WemogarElijahBorweh

(UniversityofLiberia);ElinaBosch

(BecquerelInstitute);BernardoCarrillo;MyriamCastanié(REScoop

eu);SammyJamarChemengich(CLASP);DavidClark(KineticEnergyGenerationSystems);LanvinConcessao

(WorldResourcesInstitute);PenelopeCrossley(UniversityofSydney);AshishDhankhar(DeutscheGesellschaft

fürInternationaleZusammenarbeit–GIZ);

PedroDias(SolarHeatEurope);Norbert

Edomah(Pan-AtlanticUniversity);AhmedElsayed(EgyptianElectricity

HoldingCompany);GeorgyErmolenko(CISElectricPowerCouncil);ManuelJoséEspinosa(The

PhoenixGroup);ChiomaEwurum(RenewableEnergyAssociationofNigeria);AndréFerreira(IEMA);MindyFox(SolarCookersInternational);This

report

wascommissioned

byREN21

andproduced

incollaborationwithaglobalnetworkofresearchpartners.

FinancingwasprovidedbytheGermanFederal

Ministry

forEconomicCooperation

and

Development

(BMZ),

theGerman

Federal

Ministry

for

Economic

A?airesand

Climate

Action

(BMWK)

andtheUNEnvironmentProgramme.Alargeshareoftheresearchforthisreport

wasconducted

onavoluntarybasis.9RENEWABLES

2023

GLOBAL

STATUS

REPORT

-

RENEWABLES

IN

ENERGY

DEMANDFIGURE

1.RENEWABLES

IN

ENERGY

DEMANDTotalFinalEnergyConsumptionandTotalModernRenewableEnergyConsumption,bySector,202033%33%30%Agri-BuildingsIndustryTransportculture3%15.5%16.8%4.1%15.5%RenewableRenewableRenewableRenewableenergyenergyenergyenergyTotalrenewableenergydemandgrewAsof2022,AgricultureandtransporthavethefastestyearlygrowthratesTheshareofre-3countrieshadrenewableenergytargetsorpoliciesinnewableelectricityinTFECgrew4.7%peryearon3%

inthelastofrenewabledecadetoreach7%

in2020Asof2022,energyadoptionwithmorethanallsectors94countrieshadeitherafourdemand7%averagebetween2010and2020renewableenergypolicyortargetinatleastonedemandsectorElectricityandRenewableElectricitySharesofTFECbySector,2010and2020CompoundannualElectricityshare2010Renewableelectricityshare2010

2020Percentoftotal(%)30growthrate20204.3%2.5%1.6%201005.4%7.9%6.1%3.5%7.0%2010

2020

2010

20202010

2020

2010

20202010

2020

2010

20202010

2020

2010

2020BuildingsIndustryTransportAgricultureSource:

See

endnote

1

in

Renewable

in

Energy

Demand:

Global

Trends.Note:

TFEC

=

TotalFinal

Energy

Consumption10GLOBAL

TRENDSRENE

WABLES

INENERGY

DEMAND:GLOBAL

TRENDSEnergyCrisis

and

InflationIn

many

countries,

governments

sought

alternative

fossil

fuelsources

to

restore

disruptions

to

the

energy

supply

or

optedto

heavily

subsidise

fossil

fuels

to

shield

consumers

from

pricehikes;

despite

this,

the

uptake

of

renewables

increased

in

allStartinginOctober2021,

theworldexperiencedtheimpactsofasevere

global

energy

crisis

Rapid

economic

rebound

following2the

slowing

of

the

COVID-19

pandemic

led

to

tighter

markets,and

the

energy

crisis

was

further

exacerbated

in

February

2022demand

sectors

Overall,

2022

was

a

year

marked

by

energy9crisis

resulting

in

high

inflation

globally,

but

it

also

was

a

year

ofaccelerated

deployment

of

renewables

as

di?erent

sectors

foundrenewableenergysourcestobe

reliable,stableanda?ordableafter

the

Russian

Federation’s

invasion

of

Ukraine2022,

energy

prices

in

Europe

and

elsewhere

skyrocketed

totheir

highest

levels

since

2008

The

International

Energy

Agency3Throughout4In

direct

response

to

rising

inflation

and

energy

costs,

two

majorpolicy

packages

were

introduced

during

the

year:

the

EuropeanCommission’s

REPowerEU

plan

and

the

Inflation

ReductionAct

(IRA)

in

the

United

States

10

Both

packages

aim

to

stimulateestimates

that

higher

fossil

fuel

prices

accounted

for

90%of

theincrease

in

electricity

prices

in

2022,

and

that

fossil

gas

pricesaloneaccountedformorethanhalfthisrise5The

riseinenergy

priceshadstronginflationaryimpactsonall

energy-consuming

sectors

–

in

some

cases

pushing

f