高考總復(fù)習(xí)代詞講解

代詞的用法代詞在近幾年高考試題中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率為100%，每年至少測試一道題。測試代詞常用對話形式，構(gòu)成特定語境，考察考生靈活運用代詞的能力。代詞指代的圍、作主語時主謂一致的用法、易混不定代詞的細(xì)微差異都是高考的必考點。其中不定代詞one,theone,ones與that,those,it的用法區(qū)別。代詞的概念：代詞是指代替名詞以與起名詞作用的詞、短語或句子的詞。主要分人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞相互代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、關(guān)系代詞。代詞的分類：'分類人稱數(shù)量f人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself第二人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves一．人稱代詞分清主格和賓格形式,主格主要用作主語,賓格主要賓語和表語。Iboughtapresentforhim. 一Whoisit?一It'sme.二．物主代詞：

名詞性物主代詞 在句中做主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成雙重所有格：afriendofmine。形容詞性物主代詞——只能起定語作用。通常：形容詞性物主代詞+名詞二名詞性物主代詞例如：Thisisn'tmyshirt;mineisoverthere.注意：分清主格賓格，主語用主格，賓格主要賓語和表語形容詞物主代詞時候+名詞Thepandaisitstop(attract).形容詞性物主代詞+名詞二名詞性物主代詞Isithiscoat?No,itismine.練習(xí)：Shall (we)gotothezoobybusorbybike?Bobloves (he)motherverymuch.Whoboughtitfor (she)?Jimisaverygoodboy.Wealllike (he). (we)newmodelplanecanflyveryhigh.Ihavealovelycat, (it)nameisCarl.Thisis (he)bike.Shedoesn'tlike (she)newdressatall.isyellow.doone'sbestkeepone'swordsaveone'slifeinone'sopinionisyellow.doone'sbestkeepone'swordsaveone'slifeinone'sopinion10.物主代詞構(gòu)成的短語loseone'swayearnone'slivingholdone'sbreathmakeupone'smind三．反身代詞:反身代詞通常作賓語、表語和同位語。a.作賓語：Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.b.作表語；be,系動詞feel,look,seem之后Iamnotmyselftoday.ThepoorgirlinthepictureismyselfC.作同位語Thethingitselfisnotimportant.ImyselfCandoitwell.*．反身代詞習(xí)慣用語。teachoneself自學(xué)enjoyoneself玩得快樂； seatoneself請坐dressoneself自己穿上衣服；helpyourselfto自取，隨便吃一點 ；talktooneself自言自語；calloneslef自稱makeoneselfunderstood使自己讓別人理解；相互代詞：有eachother和oneanother兩組。eachother用于兩個人或是物之間，譯為“互相，彼此"；oneanother用于三個或是三個以上的人或物之間。Youtwoshouldhelpeachotherwiththeirstudy.Werespectoneanother.Weoftenpointouteachother'smistakes.指示代詞：this,that,these,those,thesame(同樣的)，such〔這樣的〕，so〔這樣〕.this(these)近指；this(these)—般指后面要講到的事物〔將要發(fā)生〕e.g.Thisisanovelandthatisamagazine.Thisgiftisforyouandthatoneisforyourbrother.IlikethesesbooksbutIdon'tlikethose(books).Whathetoldmeisthis：hewantedtogotoBeijing.而that(those)遠(yuǎn)指，而that(those)常指剛提到或是已經(jīng)完成的事情。e.g.Hedidn'tcome.Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow.That'sall,thankyou!such指前面所述提到的這樣的人或事物，so代替一個句子或者短語所表達(dá)的事情，thesame指剛剛提到的同一個人或事物IhaveneverseensuchafunnyfilmAsfarasIknow,thereisnosuchcarinthisplace.Itisgoingtoraintonight.Ihopeso./Ihopenot.Iamthesameageasyou.Happynewyear!Thesametoyou.one,ones,theone,theones,that,those,itOnea/an+單數(shù)名詞Ones復(fù)數(shù)名詞TheoneThe+單數(shù)名詞TheonesThe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞ThatThe+單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞〔尤其是有后置定語〕thoseThe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞〔尤其是有后置定語〕It指代前面提到同一個事物Mypenislost.Imustlookforit.Mypenislost.Imustbuyone.Ipreferredrosestowhiteones.Theboyinthisclassareclevererthattheones/thoseinthatclass.ThepopulationofChinaisbiggerthanthatofIndia,(that二thepopulatior〕Thecellphoneswemadenowadaysarebetterthanthose/theonesmade2yearsago.練習(xí)：Ihavelostmyumbrella；I'mlookingfor .Ihavelostmyumbrella；IthinkImustbuy .Theumbrellayouboughtischeaperthan Ibought.Thewaterinthecupishotterthan inthepot.Therewereafewyoungpeopleandsomeolder inthehouse.Mary'shandwritingisfarbetterthan ofPeter.8.Ifound hardtogetonwithher.Hehassavedmylife.I'llneverforget .Don'ttakethenotebookaway.Mywifeisusing.ll.I'mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthaninthecity.12.We'vebeenlookingathousesbuthaven'tfoundwelikeyet.13.Manywillfailtofindjobsorlosethetheyhave.總結(jié)：that可以指代可數(shù)單數(shù)或特指不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞〃；those只能代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)〔二thoseones或theones〕；one用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞〔泛指〕，相當(dāng)于“a/an+單數(shù)名詞〃；it指前面所指的同一物ones用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)〔泛指〕；theone用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)〔特指〕，有時可用that來代替；theones用來代替前面可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，有時可以用those來代替〔特指〕；—Whydon'twetakealittlebreak?—Didn'twejusthave ?A．it B．thatC．one D．thisTheParkersboughtanewhousebut willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein．A．theyB．it C．one D．which六．不定代詞：不明確指代某個〔些〕人或事物的代詞。1、both,either,neither都表兩者圍，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，both可用作同位語。both意為"兩者都"，either表"兩者中任一個"，neither表"兩者都不"?！?017全國卷】改錯：Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.2、any，none，all表三者或三者以上圍，any表任何一個、一些（不可數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)概念，用于否認(rèn)句、疑問句或條件從句中）；none表三者或三者以上中的哪一個都不；表示不可數(shù)物中的一點兒也沒有；all整個的；所有的（三者或三者以上）；所有的（不可數(shù)）。E.g.Thisbookisagoodseller，soyoucanbuyitatanyshopinBeijing．Noneofusare/isperfect．Allofthevillagewasflooded．some用于肯定句或由情態(tài)動詞引導(dǎo)的某種請求或是意愿的疑問句。Thereissomewaterhere.Wouldyouliketodrinksomemilk?練習(xí)：Toreachanagreement,sidesmustmakeconcession.Ifyourunaftertwohares,youwillcatch.Youcanwriteonside.Hewantstoinviteofhisfriendstohisbirthdayparty.Therearemanydoors.Agoldenkeycanopendoor.6.ofuscouldlivewithoutair.Therearetressonsides.Mr.andMrs.Liareteachers.Youcansitatendoftheboatifyoucankeepstill.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasesonthesurvey,butcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,butofthemwantsto,becausetheyhavealotofworktodo.Alltheboyareclever,butofthemcanworkouttheproblem.Ihavemyjackets,youcantake ofthetwinsareinourclass.Wecouldn'tbuyanythingbecause oftheshopsopenedatthattime.Wewereallverytired,but ofuswouldliketohavearest.歸納總結(jié)：都都不任一兩者多者局部否認(rèn)：Allbotheveryoneeverybodyeverything以與every+名詞都表示全部肯定；Noone,none,nobody,nothing以與no+名詞表示全部否認(rèn)當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有表示全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中，不管not位置在哪里都表示局部否認(rèn)Notallofthemsmoke.Theyarenotbothteachers.Alltheboysdon'tlikeEnglish.Suchathingcan'tbefoundeverywhere.3、 noone，nobody，none，nothing：noone,nobody表沒有人，nothing指沒有什么事物,none兼指人和物°None著眼于數(shù)量概念。特指的人或物一個也沒有，一點兒也沒有〃。一Howmanypeoplearethereinthehall?/Isthereanywaterinit?一None.一Whowantstogowithhim?一Noone（Nobody）.一Whatcanyouseeinthebottle?—Nothing.Whalisinthebollle?對比』Nolhing.（指東西〕對比』HowmuchwalerisihereiniheLollle?None.（指數(shù)量｝"—Whoisiniheclassroomlow?—Noone/Nobody?—HasanyoneseenmyLook?—NoTnoone/nobodyfhasseenyourbook）?—Howmanysludenlsarelhereinlheclassroom?-—None.（指數(shù)量〉4、 another，theother，theothers，other,othersanother表三者或三者以上疇中的任一；與數(shù)詞連用，表〃再有〃，another+基數(shù)詞+名詞〔s〕二基數(shù)詞+名詞〔s〕+more；theother表兩者中的另外那個，特指；theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或theothers）,另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others（或other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞）另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。一Idon'tlikethis，showmeanotherone.Thereisanotherwayofdealingwiththeproblem.Whereshallwebeinanothertenyears?一Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou'llhavetopay $15.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.Each*Iwillstayhereforanotherthreedays.3moredays.3otherdays.Ihavetwobooks.OneisaboutEnglish,theotherisaboutFrench.Hehastwosons,oneisadoctor,theotherisafarmer.Therearemanybooksonthetable.SomeareEnglish,theothersareFrench.Hisideaswereoftendifferentfromothers.Somepraisehim,whileotherscondemnhim.搭配：l.one…anotherTolearnisonething,toteachisanother.Tosayisonething,todoisanother.some...others...有些……有些……；Someliketea,otherslikemilk.Somesayyes,whileotherssayno.3.one...theother...一個 （特指兩者中的）另一個 Ihavetwobooks,oneisEnglish,theotherisFrench.4.Ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,一方面，另一方面Ontheonehand,Iamyourteacher,ontheotherhand,Iamyoufriend.練習(xí)：Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker, isateacher.Studentsareusuallyinterestedinsports.Somelikerunning;somelikeswimming; likeballgames.Wewereallverytired,but ofuswouldliketohavearest. ofthetwinsareinourclass.Boys,don'ttouchthemachines,oryoumayhurt .Wecouldn'tbuyanythingbecause oftheshopsopenedatthattime.5、every,eachEach指兩者或以上的每一個，可作主語、定語或同位語，可跟of,every指三者與以上的每一個，只可作定語，且后只能接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)EachofushasanEnglishbook.EachstudenthasanEnglishbook

WeeachhaveanEnglishbook.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.6、 few,afew,little,alittle,many,much復(fù)數(shù)名詞概念Many許多afewFew很少，幾乎沒有止呂幾不'有不可數(shù)MuchalittleLittle名詞概念許多少許,有很少，幾—占八、1乎沒有Ihavemanybooks/muchmoney.Therearefew/afewapplesonthedesk.Thereislittle/alittlewaterinthebottle.練習(xí)：1 （很多）peopledon'thave（很多）food.（很多）mistakesarecausedbycarelessness.（很少）peoplecanlivetobe100yearsold.Youhavedonevery （很少）forme.Thereistimeleft.Hurryup.Thereistimeleft.Pleasedon'thurry.Comeinandhave（一點）whisky.少數(shù)）.8.ShehaswrittenmanybooksbutIhaveonlyread 少數(shù)）.7、anyone=anybody,anyone everyone二everybody,everyonesomeone=somebody,someone合寫一般指人，分寫那么人、物均可表示，另外合寫后不接of,分寫那么可接of。Weeveryoneshouldstudyhard.Everyoneofusshouldstudyhard.【注意】anyone,anybody表示任何人，anything表示任何事或物，強(qiáng)調(diào)個體；everyone表示每個人，everything表示每件事或物，強(qiáng)調(diào)全部。It用法Itissonoisyhere.這兒吵死了。Whattimeis_itbyyourcellphone？ItseldomsnowsinGuangzhou.

It'saboutonekilometerfromheretothepark.Thisismynewpen.Iboughtityesterday.一Whoseexercise-bookisthat? —It'shers.Whatabeautifulbaby!Isitaboy?一Whoisthemanoverthere?一ItmustbeJay.It'snousetalkingtohim.ItisimportantthatwelearnEnglishwell.Ithinkithardtowinthegame.Itisyouthatsheloves,notme.Iwouldappreciateitifyouacceptmyinvitation.Ihateitwhenyoutalkwithmewithyourfingerpointingme.15.Itishightimethatthebabywenttobed.根本用法指環(huán)境情況、時間、天氣、距離。（如1一4）代替前文提到過的事物、前文的指示代詞（that,this）。（如5—6）指動物、性別不詳?shù)膵雰?、猜想不確定的人。（如7，8）用于表示感情的詞的后邊，如likelovehate,appreciate〔如13.14〕作形式主語（如9,10）itis+形容詞+todoitis+名詞+that…itis+形容詞+that…itis+過去分詞+that…it+不與物動詞+that…形式賓語（如11）復(fù)合賓語中含有不定式，從句或者短語時候，用it做形式賓語構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部+that/who+其他（如12）Itistime（forsb.）todosth. 區(qū)分：Itis（high）timethatsb.didsth.（虛擬語氣）練習(xí)：findhardtogetalongwithhim.Imakearuletolookaftertheold.Ihavemakeclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere.Ihatewhenhecallsmeatwork.wasnotuntil11o'clockthatIwentbed.6.ItwasnotuntilIcamehereIrealizedthatthisplaceisfamousforitsbeauty.isimpossibleforhimtogetthereintime.Whereismydictionary?Ileftonthedesk.練習(xí)：WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.thenIs necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.heIdon'tthink possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.itDoes matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.itItwasnot shetookoffherglasses Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when,thatB.until,thatC.until,thatD.when,thenIwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.itItwasnotuntil1920 regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There B.This C.That D.ItItwasonlywhenIrereadthispoemsrecently Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.soIhate whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.themItistheabilitytodothejob mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.itlike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one—Doyoulike___here?一Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(全國卷)A.thisB.TheseC.That D.itWeneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade___fromsomewood.(全國卷)A.it B.One C.HimselfD.anotherTheforeignMinistersaid," ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace."(2004)A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(2004)A.It B.As C.That D.What一Howoftendoyoueatout?(2004,) 一 ,butusuall